RLI Corp.

subject to certain factors and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially. Please refer to the risk factors described in the company's various SEC filings, including in the annual report on Form 10-K, as supplemented in Forms 10-Q, all of which should be reviewed carefully. The company has filed a Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission that contains the press relief announcing fourth quarter results. During the call, RLI management may refer to operating earnings and earnings per share from operations, which are non-GAAP measures of financial results. RLI's operating earnings and earnings per share from operations consist of net earnings after the elimination of after-tax realized gains or losses and after-tax unrealized gains or losses on equity securities. RLI's management believes these measures are useful in gauging core operating performance across reporting periods, but may not be comparable to other companies' definitions of operating earnings. The Form 8 contains a reconciliation between operating earnings and net earnings. The full 8K and press release are available at the company's website at www.rlicorp.com. I will now turn the conference over to RLI's Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, Mr. Aaron Dieffenthaler. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Adam, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to RLI's fourth quarter earnings call to close out 2024. Joining us today are Craig Kleethermes, President and CEO, Jen Klopnock, Chief Operating Officer, and Todd Bryant, Chief Financial Officer. We have a typical agenda today as Craig will kick things off with some preliminary highlights, Todd will run down the financials, and Jen will offer more detailed commentary on current market conditions in our product portfolio. The operator will then open the line for questions, and Craig will close with some final thoughts. Craig?

Well, thank you, Aaron, and good morning, everyone. I'm happy to report that 2024 resulted in ROI's 29th consecutive year of underwriting profit. We achieved well-balanced growth and underwriting profitability across all of our reporting segments with 12% growth in net written premium and 22% growth in underwriting profits for the year. Our continued growth and financial consistency are a testament to the great service we provide to our customers, our underwriting discipline, and our focus on making the best long-term decisions to the benefit of all of our stakeholders. As Todd and Jen will go into in a minute, we remain focused on opportunities where we have the expertise to differentiate ourselves and the market permits adequate returns. Legal system abuse, particularly in wheels-based businesses, is a frequent topic of discussion within our strong collaborative underwriting and claim feedback loop. And we fine tune our underwriting approach where needed. Motor vehicle exposures still require measurable ongoing rate increases to address lost cost inflation. We have the underwriting and financial discipline to walk away from underpriced accounts if necessary, but have achieved double digit increases on auto risk this year, with more increases expected through 2025. I will let Todd and Jen share more detail on the financials and the market in general. Todd, it's all yours.

Thanks, Craig. Good morning, everyone. Yesterday, we reported fourth quarter operating earnings of 41 cents per share. As a reminder, on January 15th, we split our stock two for one, and all share and per share data is reflective of that change. Positive underwriting performance and a 19% rise in investment income contributed to operating earnings. Our combined ratio for the quarter was 94.4, influenced by hurricane losses, and select additions to current accident-year casualty reserves. Full-year results include a combined ratio of 86.2, following an 86.6 for 2023, resulting in our 29th consecutive year of underwriting profitability. Top-line growth continued, with gross premiums advancing 9% in the fourth quarter and 11% on a year-to-date basis. Jim will offer some additional details on products driving premium growth. On a gap basis, net earnings per share were $0.44 per quarter and $3.74 for the year. Full-year results topped last year by 13% as both underwriting and investment results improved. Although we are largely focused on 2024 results in this discussion today, I do want to take a moment to discuss the Southern California wildfires, an unfortunate event that has impacted many. It is difficult to comment in detail on an event that is still active, but today we have received a limited number of claims associated with our commercial fire and marine books. As a reminder, we do not write residential homeowners in California. From a law standpoint, industry estimates are varied and evolving. While it is too early to speculate on any final impacts, we do expect losses from these events to be very manageable. As is typical in catastrophe scenarios, we will continue to be proactive, reaching out to insurers that we believe may have been impacted. Diving a bit deeper into segment level results, casualty grew top line 18% in the quarter with the majority of products posting growth. The bottom line for casualty benefited from 11 million of favorable prior year's loss development, modestly above the same period last year. Offsetting this, however, We did add reserves to the current accident year during the fourth quarter. Products of note include transportation and personal umbrella, which are driven largely by auto-related exposures. While loss frequency has remained relatively flat, concerns over increased auto severity prompted us to add reserves to the current accident year. You may recall we took actions on transportation and personal umbrella current accident years in the fourth quarter last year. Concerns at the time were similar. Adverse indications on loss severity. Auto severity has been an ongoing challenge for the industry, and we are not immune. We believe our actions are consistent with our approach in addressing concerns as they arise. These lines have achieved significant rate increases, and we will continue to monitor them closely, taking additional action if necessary. These current year reserve additions had a notable impact on casualty's quarterly results and served to increase the full year loss ratio by two points compared to the trend at September 30. Overall, however, casualty remains profitable, posting a 97.9 combined ratio for the calendar year. Surety was flat in the quarter, but up 9% on a year-to-date basis. Prior year's reserves were modestly adverse in the quarter, but were redundant for all of 2024 and at a level similar to last year. Acquisition costs have moved higher, influenced in part by mix of business, as well as our continued investments in people and technology to support Surety's growth. With a combined ratio in the low 80s year to date, we remain very positive on this segment. For property, gross premiums were down 3% in the quarter, driven largely by E&S property. Although we are still finding great adequacy, competition has increased and rates have softened, most notably on wind business. In contrast, marine and Hawaii homeowners continue to grow as we take advantage of opportunities there. Year to date, the segment grew top line 7%. We recorded 48 million in net losses from Hurricane Milton during the quarter, while reducing our Helene estimate by 9 million. For Helene, we have been successful in closing a number of planes while certain excess policies and other flood coverages did not trigger losses, as was originally estimated. On an overall basis, prior year's reserves were unchanged in the quarter. Underlying results for the segment are comparable to last year, and the segment's 81 combined ratio for the quarter and 68 for the year highlight the influence of growth in earned premium. On the investment front, yields increased throughout the quarter and were well above the year-to-date lows we saw in mid-September. This offered additional opportunities to add high-quality bonds above the portfolio's current book yield. Purchase yields at an average 5% in the quarter, and strong operating cash flow continues to accrue to a larger invested asset base. The portfolio's average duration extended slightly to 4.9 years, as intermediate maturities remain in focus. Total return for the quarter was a negative 1.1% as the decline in bond prices was slightly offset by a positive result in equities. Beyond the core portfolio, our investment in prime detracted from earnings in the quarter. We recorded a loss of $12.5 million from our share of prime's earnings as prime strengthened reserves on a number of prior accident years. While a notable impact to the quarter, our investment in prime remains very positive on an inception-to-date basis. Putting it all together, comprehensive earnings were $3.66 per share and pushed book value per share to $16.59, an increase of 24% from year-end 2023 inclusive of dividends. Our capital management strategy again included the special dividend of $2 per share split adjusted, which was paid in addition to our four-quarter ordinary consistent financial performance, and conservative capital stewardship has allowed ROI to return nearly $1.5 billion to shareholders in the last 10 years. All in all, a good quarter and a very solid year. And now, I'll turn the call over to Jen. Jen?

Hey, thank you, Todd. Let me dive into the segments to provide some insight into our insurance operations. The cashier segments premium grew by 18% during the fourth quarter. This included a positive 10% rate change, driven by auto coverages, which achieved an even larger increase. Growth accelerated in the fourth quarter for our casualty brokerage business, which includes E&S primary and excess liability coverages. Premium was up 22% in the quarter. Submissions grew almost 20%, consistent with the increase in flow that we've seen all year. We are seeing more business opportunities by staying in front of our producers. We continue to offer coverages that are tailored to our insurance needs and use specialized claim examiners to achieve the best possible claim outcome. This results in consistent underwriting profit throughout the insurance cycle. As mentioned before, in the businesses that provide auto coverage, including Personal Umbrella, Transportation, and some of our package businesses, we achieved sizable rate increases. Personal Umbrella continued to grow with premium of 37% in the quarter which includes a 22% rate increase. Despite these rate increases, new business and renewal retention are holding steady. Transportation premium was up 22%, and rates increased 13% in the quarter. Submissions increased more than 8% this quarter, as our competitors are pushing rates as well. In our package business, which supports small contractors and professionals like architects and engineers, Our auto rate change is a minimum of 15% and increases from there, depending on the class of business and the venue. In each of these lines of business, we have seen increased severity and are taking steps to address loss activity beyond just rate. In personal umbrella, we work with our producers to balance growth by state and modify rates to address geographies or coverages that are driving loss severity. In transportation, Severity is notable on larger accounts that are more of a target for plaintiff's attorneys. We have not renewed or pushed for a significant rate on these accounts. Our in-house loss control team visits each of our insurers to identify ways to improve their safety, often before binding the risk. These visits allow us to assess our insurers' buy-in to safety practices and are a valuable input into risk selection and accident prevention. In the package businesses, we have reduced commissions, exited select classes of business, and retracted in certain venues with difficult litigation environments. We connect our underwriters, claims, and analytical teams to provide continuous feedback on the health of our businesses and identify actions to improve results. Without top-line targets, our narrow and deep underwriters know they have our support to address loss activity that threatens our focus on profitable growth. And we have the confidence in their ability to execute. In our executive products group, which provides directors and officers and other management liability coverages, rate change was negative 3% in the quarter. Our team is working even harder in this challenging market with a focus on smaller private insurance. They continue to demonstrate our commitment to the bottom line by walking away from business that has been under too much competitive pressure or moving up in coverage towers as the risk evolves over time. In our casualty segment, we grow in those lines where we see market opportunities and shrink as those opportunities fade. Our rate change of positive 10% for the quarter is an increase from positive 9% in the third quarter, and it is targeted at those lines where we see lost activity. In this quarter, that was our auto coverages. With our diverse casualty book, we are cautious considering lost severity, but we will seize on the opportunities that it creates in the new year. Surety's top line was flat, but we achieved an 87 combined ratio in the quarter. Contracture led the way with 12% growth, driven by continued elevated construction costs and consistent marketing efforts. The contracture industry has been growing rapidly, but so has the industry loss ratio. Our contracture underwriters constantly monitor and collaborate with producers and principals to support projects that make financial sense and are achievable. This approach has resulted in no material loss activity within our contracture rebates this year. We saw fewer opportunities in the commercial space this quarter, but experienced a fair amount of growth in both small and large commercials for the year. The margin was healthy again this quarter, with several small losses, but overall a good result. Property segment premium was down 3% in the quarter after 28 straight quarters of top-line growth. The segment produced an 81 combined ratio despite notable catastrophe activity. The decrease in premiums was driven by E&S property where undisciplined competitors are impacting market conditions. MGAs in particular are increasing limits offers, reducing rates and deductibles, and starting to erode other terms and conditions. History has shown that rapidly backtracking on terms and conditions does not turn out well and generally results in capital withdrawing their support. We continue to see an increasing flow of business, with submissions at 13% in the quarter. This marks three straight years of double-digit submission increases. In our book of business, hurricane rates were down 12% in the quarter. While rates are down, they are coming off a generational high, and our portfolio remains well-priced. Where terms and conditions are deteriorating beyond our appetite, we have walked away from a handful of accounts. We were able to respond to our insurance during Hurricane Milton by sending our in-house loss adjusters to Florida to work collaboratively to address their needs and resolve their claims as quickly as possible. This is our typical event response after property losses occur. Our timely response results in positive outcomes as evidenced by the 60% closure rate on Hurricane Helene site and the reserve takedown this quarter as we near more certainty in the ultimate outcome. Architectural exposure, as measured by total policy limits written in a given area, is down for both hurricane and earthquake perils compared to the end of the third quarter and the end of 2023. The earthquake market is also under pressure. Competition with MGAs, other carriers, and from insurers declining coverage altogether have all contributed to a decrease in submission and premium during the quarter. Despite these challenges, the E&S property market is well priced and growing overall. We believe there is opportunity to write profitable business, and we will continue to execute in this space. Marine growth slowed a bit in the fourth quarter to 7%. Submissions continue to increase as we stay in front of producers and provide responsive service. Competition always increases at the end of the year as other companies' underwriters stretch to meet their top-line bonus targets. We can be patient and make the right underwriting decisions given our bottom-line focus. This group produced a sizable underwriting profit for the quarter and the year with manageable loss activity and a steadily decreasing expense ratio as they earned more premiums. They continue to maintain a strong feedback loop between our underwriting, claims, and analytical support teams. Finally, Hawaii homeowners grew premiums 49% in the quarter. Rates were up 18% as our latest rate filing became effective during the quarter. We continue to provide exceptional service to our agents as they deal with several carriers who have exited or reduced their participation in the market. Consistent with our business model, we take advantage of market opportunities when they arise and support our underwriters to pull back when it makes sense. We have leaned into the E&S property market for several years, and we knew the day would come when market conditions became more challenging. Our talented team will continue to find opportunities in all of our property businesses to grow profitably over the long term. We completed our largest reinsurance placement at January 1, including our property working-layer coverage, catastrophe tower, and casualty and package placement. Our results were in line with market commentary. We achieved property rate decreases of 10% to 20%, with greater decreases in higher-layered coverage. We added back prepaid reinstatements to the bottom half of the catastrophe tower. Capacity was plentiful on our treaty, as reinsurers are supportive of our business model. Our casualty reinsurance rate change was minus 5% to plus 5% depending on the line of business. We placed the same structure and maintained the same retention as expiring. Auto coverages were targeted for rate increases while we achieved some relief on our other liability coverages. We closed out our 29th consecutive year of underwriting profits. This long-term track record of success stands out in the industry, and as an achievement, our associate owners should be very proud of. It takes all of our employees to show up every day and be engaged in our business, consistently building relationships with our produce department, providing exceptional service to our customers, and visiting claimants to determine how we can help resolve their claims, processing all of the transactions that come with a book of business of over a million policies and bonds, and providing support to our employees so they have the resources to excel at what they do. Our associate owners will continue to serve our customers well and look for ways we can improve our products, processes and services into this new year. They deserve a big shout out for their efforts and I want to personally thank them and congratulate them on our shared success. And now I'll turn the call over to the moderator to open it up for some questions.

Thank you. The question and answer session will begin at this time. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up the handset before pressing any numbers. Should you have a question today, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad If you wish to withdraw your question, please press star float by two. Your question will be taken in the order that it is received. Please stand by for your first question. And our first question today comes from Michael Phillips at Oppenheimer. Michael, please go ahead. Your line is open. Thank you.

Good morning. First off, on the casualty reserves for the current action in the Air Edition, it sounds like that's from transportation and personal umbrella, but Can you give some kind of relative split between the two of which one drove most of that? It sounds like to me it was more of transportation, but I want to make sure I'm right on that.

Hey, Michael, it's Todd. It was split, really. I mean, about half of that would be umbrella related, and then the other part would be transportation. So it's fairly evenly split.

Okay, yeah, thanks, Todd. On the transportation, you talked about severity. Can you say what severity you're seeing between those two pieces separately?

I don't know between the two from a severity difference. I think if you look at, I mean, what we're assuming when we look at the loss trend on an overall basis on auto-related exposures, which both of those would be that, We're assuming loss trend in that 10 to 11 points. So again, there's some severity there. I think if you look back to last year, in the fourth quarter, we added about 6 million. So this is obviously about three times that. That was, I think, four to PUP and two to transportation on the 2023 accident year. Those have turned out to be more than adequate From that standpoint, we're going to react to negative indications from a consistent basis there. But I also think you want to take a bit of a longer term view on that casualty loss ratio and combined ratio. Certainly the combined ratio year to date with the actions we took in the fourth quarter moved up about two points. But if you view it a bit longer, I mean, that reaction is consistent with how we have been in the past. If you look over the last decade, I think our casualty combined ratio underlying for that current accident year has been in that 102 range. I think there's only been two years that we have booked it initially below 100, and that was not by very much. And then if you fast forward to 2024, take a look back, those years have developed from a loss standpoint about 10 points better than the initial indication. So they're now in the low 90s. But we're going to react. We've been fairly consistent there in trying to react to adverse indications. This quarter was another one of those, and we're willing to wait and see ultimately what transpires over time.

Okay. No, thank you, Todd. That's helpful. Jen mentioned the transportation large accounts also driving the severity and non-renewing some visits there. Can you say what percent of your book you're referring to there?

Yeah, it's pretty diverse between, you know, long haul trucking, public buses, and especially commercial auto along with a couple of smaller adjacent focuses as well. And so our largest accounts, we have large accounts in each of those. We've walked away from many of our large accounts over the course of the year. As far as this quarter, you know, we shed a couple of them. So premium-wise, it would probably be a much larger percentage than policy count-wise. But I don't have a number specific to that.

OK, thanks. And just last one on prime. I guess the strategic view of prime for you guys, is it to continue to own kind of about a quarter percent that you own, 25% that you own somewhere in that ballpark range? Do you still have the participation in the quota share? What is that? Will that remain over the coming years? Or will that shift away downward? And then, yeah, let me stop there. So on the prime, continue to own around 25% or kind of what's the long-term outlook for that?

So you are correct. This is Craig, by the way. We do currently own about 25% of prime. As you know, we're a minority owner. We're kind of long for the ride. It's privately held and controlled. So there are limited, you know, were a bit along for the ride. And it's been a good investment to date. As Todd mentioned, I think we've received dividends in excess of what our original investment was. So we still view that as a very positive experience so far. And I think you also asked about the treaty going forward. We did reduce our participation from two and a half, I think, to one. uh, on a go forward basis, um, as a result of the terms and conditions that were put forward.

Okay. No, thank you. Just last one quickly on prime. So you mentioned your pretty minimal exposure to California. Did that also include any exposure from, from prime? I know they read a bunch of fire and homeowners, but maybe not in California.

I don't believe they do write some homeowners out there that is not subject to our treaty. So we're a little operating a little blind there in regards to what their actual exposures might be. They don't run their homeowners business that they might write out there through our participation in the treaty.

Okay. All right. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.

The next question comes from Gregory Peters at Raymond James. Gregory, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah, good morning, everyone. Hey, I'll go back to the higher picks that you mentioned, Jen, in your comments on transportation, umbrella, and package. Maybe just, you know, when I hear about the 22% rate increase in your personal umbrella, James Onley- Due to loss severity i'm just curious are you changing like your gross limit profile your net limit profile if you're being affected by severity and I guess. James Onley- You know, when I hear about that substantial rate increase leads me to wonder whether you had the right pricing on the product in the previous accident years. James Onley- So maybe you could give us some color on them.

Sure. So our PUS portfolio, as you know, has grown significantly over the last few years. We identified some new sources of production and just focused on getting the word out that everybody, by the way, should have a personal umbrella policy. We did take some significant rate over the last couple of years and have some great findings that have been recently approved that will continue to go into effect in 2025. So we should see that rate continue. I would say our limit profile has not changed. We primarily put out a $1 million limit. That's more than half the book. We go up to $5 million in limits, but we do issue some twos and threes, for example. Our appetite has not changed in that respect in terms of avoiding, I'll say, celebrities or people that are targeted in terms of government figures, things of that nature. So we do underwrite around the type of person that we're willing to cover, which is your average person. We do have our largest states remain the same, which are those states where the underlying property and liability coverages tend to be separated. Those tend to be similar to our ENS states, California, Florida, for example. And so that has not changed. But what we have done, given the growth and the losses that have come in, is to really emphasize and work with our producers to try to grow those states that are not. those, which is a little bit more difficult given the underlying coverages aren't necessarily separated as often. I think the emergence of, you know, whether it's insure tech auto companies or other online instances of coverage have opened up that a bit in the Midwest, for example, where typically your coverages tend to be together. But in terms of the profile of the book and the insurers, it hasn't changed significantly. We watch that very carefully both by by state, by production source, pretty much by any way you could slice the book. So we're closely monitoring that, and as we come up with rate indications by state as we prepare for filing, you know, all of that information are inputs into what the rate need is going forward. So we think we're in pretty good shape. There'll probably be future filings that we have to make, but we think that the book at this point we're happy with.

Greg, I'll just add, Greg.

We've been in this business for over 30 years. It's been historically a very profitable business, 40 years, Jen just corrected me. It's been a very profitable business. Sometimes rates are a reflection of opportunities, not just always rate need. I mean, I noticed no one asked us the question why we're getting 40% rate increase on hurricanes last year. THERE WAS NO IMPLICATION THAT RATES WERE INADEQUATE BEFORE. BUT WE WILL CONTINUE TO LOOK AT THE LEVEL OF COMPETITION THAT WE HAVE AND THE RATE TRENDS, AND WE'LL TACK THE RATES AS WE NEED. THERE ARE ALSO SOME STATES WITH ADMITTED PRODUCTS, SO SOME OF THOSE RATE INCREASES ARE DELAYED OVER TIME AND HAVE RESULTED IN US HAVING GREATER NEEDS. AND I DON'T NEED TO NAME THE STATES, BUT YOU'RE PROBABLY PRETTY FAMILIAR WITH WHICH STATES ARE VERY DIFFICULT TO GET RATE INCREASES THROUGH. So some of that was built up over a period of time. So a lot of times we try to address that through other underwriting methods as well.

Yeah, I can pretty much guarantee I wasn't thinking about your umbrella policies 40 years ago. So on the limit question... They're still for sale today. If you're eligible. Have you... if i'm eligible well that i'm i'm probably not uh uh but hey on the transportation uh piece any change in your limit profile there because of severity or is it just same limit profile just um just being very restrictive about uh new business or give us some perspective there yeah the living profile transportation also remains the same

You know, for most of our business, it's a $1 million limit. Sometimes we put out two, and a lot of times we'll buy facultative reinsurance in that, with the exception of our public buses, where it's required to have $5 million limits in most places. So again, we buy reinsurance, but it's actually at a million there as well. So no change in limit profile in transportation.

Perfect. I guess the final question, you know, Congratulations on the special dividend and the capital returns. Can you just remind me, is there some magical formula that you guys are using around the special dividend where we should think about it on a go-forward basis or any parameters that you can help us use for future expectations would be appreciated.

James Pfeiffer- Sure, I mean unfortunately i'm probably not going to give you any insight here, but it's the same as it's been before you know we kind of we kind of evaluate at least historically we've kind of evaluated in the third quarter late third quarter after we're looking at. James Pfeiffer- You know, get through the hurricane season so was earthquake season, as you know. James Pfeiffer- we're looking at where we kind of. where we end up relative to the AMBEST benchmarks and not so rating is important. We value the A-plus rating that we get from that rating agency. So we look at what's required to hold there. We also look at our own opportunities. We have some of our own internal metrics in regards to events and try to make sure we have enough capital to sustain that event and still keep an A-plus rating. um and then we're looking at opportunities on a go-forward basis both the opportunities that are organic or inorganic opportunities and what kind of capital is required to support those businesses now a lot of those frankly you know incremental growth does not require a lot of additional capital provided you remain profitable so that doesn't drive a lot of capital needs unless you know for some reason we decided we were going to take a much larger retention on catastrophe business or something that was more volatile which probably isn't in our DNA or nature. So that's our approach. It's been our approach for as long as I think we've been doing special dividends, and it will remain our approach for the foreseeable future.

Okay, got it. Thanks for the answers.

The next question comes from Andrew Anderson from Jefferies. Andrew, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. TAB, Mark McIntyre, On property reported margins have been strong and absolute rate level is probably still very favorable so just trying to better understand how you think about you know, maintaining margins or if you'd rather see the the total property line grow as you're okay giving back a little bit of margin.

TAB, So I look at the property segment, you know we've got three parts to that I say the part that's most pressured is our you know property part. When we think about it, I mean, we're doing battle every day in the trenches, I'd say, where we're looking at what opportunities presented to us and how it compares to what it used to. So on our renewal book, we try to hold on to our renewals. Obviously, we have a lot of information about them, and we know the starting point. And so we are willing to give some on those, and we will give some on those in terms of rates. We tend to favor keeping our policy forms intact, so we give slower on terms and conditions because those matter in the event of an actual claim. And I think that's underappreciated by some folks in the industry. So that's how we look at renewals for new business. That's where it's a little bit more competitive. In particular, with people putting out larger limits, that's eliminating whole layers that were available before. So while... While the opportunity still remains and our submission count is up and we're seeing a lot of business, it's a little more difficult because as people put out their back to $50 million of limit, when just a couple years ago people were putting out $2.5 to $5 million, you can see that takes a lot less players to get involved to finish that tower of coverage. And so some opportunities are leaving that space. And so if we think about new business, we want to compete with it, but if the pricing is well below what we think we need to achieve a proper return, then we can't do it. We're very bottom line focused there and our team has the support to look at it in that fashion.

I just add our underwriters have benchmark pricing available to them as they price every account. They're looking at that even though the market generally is still above that benchmark. It's dropping relatively fast, faster on some accounts than others, but we don't tend to lose business by 10 or 15%. you know, the underwriters walking away from business when someone's undercutting the price by 30 or 40%, and our underwriters are not willing to kind of go there. They're constantly evaluating the tradeoff between margins and growth in underwriting profit dollars. I mean, that's how they're compensated at the end of the day anyway. So they're always looking at that tradeoff. I can tell you very rarely have we ever seen that that tradeoff works, that, you know, you can trade margins And you can write a lot more business. Usually you're losing business by much more, uh, than the five or 10% that causes your margin just to slip a little bit. But the, the amounts that we would hear back from our underwriters is you gotta cut rates 25 to 40% to start, you know, to grow or to start really growing again. And then you get below benchmark pricing and things like that. So it doesn't make a lot of sense.

Okay. And on casually, Jen, I think you mentioned last quarter rate is keeping up with loss trend. Is that still the case at 10% and reflective of a higher severity estimate within personal umbrella and transportation? And then just on top of that as well is 67.5, a good kicking off point for 25 underlying in casualty.

Yeah, I'm not sure about the kicking off point for Cassie, but I'll say that last trend, as Todd mentioned, is between 10% and 11% for auto. I tend to look at it by coverage. And if you roll up our rate change for all of our auto coverages in our book, it was 15% for the quarter. We have a strong feedback loop where we tell our actuaries are talking to our underwriters all the time and saying, here's the trend. We have to get over this. And our underwriters say, yes, we will get over that. So it's on the top of mind for everybody who writes that type of coverage. Same process occurs in our other liability coverages that say feedback and knowledge of what we need to get. So that should continue.

Yeah, I agree with Todd. I mean, I think that will continue. It is going on certainly right now as we look and have some discussions next week with the actuaries and other folk on where we're going to book to start the 2025 accident year. So we're certainly... make it in what's going on from a trend standpoint, those assumptions, as Jim mentioned, what we're getting rate-wise. Overall, we have tended to, on the reserving side, probably be a little higher in the pricing range, the estimates there, and I think that'll be consistent, but we haven't got together with them yet on 2025. Thank you.

The next question comes from Bill Karkash from Wolf Research. Bill, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Following up on your cautiousness and casualty, how significantly has your appetite for growth been tempered given the severity trends that you're seeing? Your premium growth in the segment remained quite strong. Even though your loss rate came in at the highest level we've seen since 2017, it would just be helpful to hear more about what's changed.

Well, the way we think about growth is that we really trust our product leaders who are closest to the market and closest to what's going on with our producers and what's available to tell us where the opportunity is. And that's worked for us over the long term. So we are in touch with where the market is. And if someone says this is a great opportunity, then we want to support them to lean in if we can. And we surround them with input from their claim folks and their analytical support to make sure that the opportunity they're seeing is real in terms of the data. So as an example, in our transportation division, our leader would tell you that that space is hardening, and it's the time to lean into that. And so we want to support that by providing him insight into our loss ratio pricing expectation, where we think he's at from a loss ratio standpoint. He actually meets his claim people this week, which he does very regularly, to see what kind of claims are coming in. Is there anything notable from a risk selection or coverage standpoint that he should be tweaking. And then, of course, the actuary is providing him data around rate change and things. So, you know, there are opportunities, a lot of opportunities in casualty, I think, on liability coverages, on excess coverage, on transport to auto-related coverages. And I think the opportunity is really across the board. It's a matter of how does that play out over the year. And how can we navigate versus our competitors? And so we don't pay attention to our competitors much. We play our games. We know based on our pricing benchmarks and tools what we think that risk is worth. And so that's what we're going to put out there. And we'll have to see what binds.

So I would just add that, you know, just a reminder that we have no incentives for our product folks to grow other than to grow profitably. There's no top line targets for them. And when you asked about tempering, I mean, there's always some tempering. I think that, you know, when we lean into markets, even when we have the expertise and track record, you know, we're adding risk to the system, and we're always going to try, you know, to factor in those risks when we're establishing reserves or in our underwriting approach to that market. So, you know, but as long as the growth is through rate increases, So generally, we've been very supportive of those type of growth opportunities where we're growing, but it's largely or almost all attributed to rate increases. These are markets we've all been in. I know most of the markets we're talking about right now, we've been in for 20 years. So these are not new markets for us.

That's really helpful. Thank you for the color. And a bit more of a philosophical question, kind of coming back to prime, if I may. Despite the stock reaction this quarter, your overall underwriting performance was solid, but you're dealing with a significant headwind from equity and equity investment, non-consolidated sub, which many of you is non-core, and that's preventing you from controlling your own destiny. Uh, one could say you exited Maui gym. Would you ever consider exiting your remaining equity method investments or at least reduce the size of your stakes? So, you know, equity method is no longer applicable.

Well, I mean, I, you know, if there was obviously a buyer that was willing to offer us a fair price for our investment, which we think has been a very good investment to date. I mean, we're, you know, we're always entertaining, uh, that, would we entertain that? Just a reminder with Maui Gym, I mean, we were tag along. We didn't really, we didn't sell our share, you know, separate from the total company. The new owner wanted to own all of the company. So certainly in that situation, we would sell our shares of Prime with a new complete owner, but I don't think Prime in aggregate is for sale as far as I understand at this point in time.

I would get that too. I think if you look Sorry, Bill, but if you look back over time, this is one quarter. Again, caution on evaluating anything in a one quarter, although we weren't pleased about it. But this is one quarter of many that in the first time prime added certainly some noise to the quarter. So if you go back, it's been additive, but not in a big way, but a growing way from that statement. And I think our return on our investment in prime, Craig mentioned that the dividends have been paid to us in excess of our original investment, which is great. From an average annual return standpoint, it's been a very good investment. I mean, you're in the 20% plus range. So it's been good. This quarter certainly added noise to the fourth quarter.

Yeah. And I appreciate the commentary and you know, that, that's really makes a lot of sense. It's just, uh, you know, with the stock down 10% today and that having an impact on your reported, you know, headline numbers, it's, um, you know, essentially gains going back to like June have kind of, you know, been wiped out. And, and so I think there's some frustration out there given that that's a portion of your business that, you know, you, you don't control, but, um, I appreciate the perspective and that sort of that, uh, all the commentary. Thank you for taking my questions.

The next question comes from Scott Heleniak from RBC. Scott, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah, thanks. Morning. Just wanted to ask about the surety business. The net worth premiums were down a little bit. They'd kind of been growing, I guess, all year long. So just wondering if you can kind of talk or anything you can add about 2025, what you see there in terms of, you know, competitive environment and what you're I don't recall hearing anything on what rates were. Maybe I missed that. But if you could just give some detail on the overall business, the competitive environment rates, just how you're feeling about that business.

Sure. Thanks, Scott. Yeah, I would say Cherokee is a highly competitive business. The business is fairly concentrated, but it's a business that inherently – has a fairly good track record, and so people do look at it and say, yeah, I want to have some of that business. We've been in that business since 1992, so we're well-versed in how it works. I would say our contract surety has grown over the last few years continuously and notably, and that's driven by a couple things. One would be the increased cost of construction, which feeds into the rating of a contract bond. The other being just the getting in front of our producers and making more of an emphasis on asking for the business and having just great underwriters who get out there and do a good job building those relationships. And so I would see, you know, the construction market, we have a pretty good temperature check on that given about a third of our book of business overall touches construction, whether it be the architects to the general contractors, we do subcontractors, you know, in all of our P&C spaces. So we also obviously see them on the contract jury world We think that the construction market is pretty healthy. We have pretty good market info on that by region, and so I think there'll be a fair amount of opportunities in that space. On the commercial side, we've had really good growth actually over the last few years in commercial as well, and I would point to the year to date. We did have good growth this year as well. That portfolio has had a lot of opportunities through, again, increased marketing efforts and just quality underwriters getting out there and building some solid relationships with folks that produce that business. Also, we rotated away a bit from our oil and gas plugging and abandonment business, which we used to be a bigger portion of that segment. Now it's a smaller portion as the industry has changed a bit, and so we've rotated into some other classes instead. And so that has probably tempered the top line in that part of the segment, but we think that was a good decision as well. I think the opportunities will remain. The question is, you know, what will the competition be in 2025? I think it'll be constant and it'll be just as tough as this year. But we have the team that knows how to navigate that and will continue to get in front of our producers. And that's really what we've been emphasizing because, you know, you talk to them and they say, well, because you were in front of me, I'm going to hand you this submission. And so the more we can get out there, I think the more opportunities we'll have. So I think we'll see. some growth and surety, but it'll just depend on the competitive environment.

Great. Thanks. That's really helpful. And then I just want to go back to your comment, Craig. You're getting asked about capital return. I think you said the word inorganic, which I haven't heard in a while from you. And just wondering, can you talk about, you haven't done M&A in a while. Is that something that has moved up the list in terms of capital return? as a possibility and what kind of things might you look at?

I mean, we're always, uh, we entertain, uh, looking at opportunities all the time. Uh, you know, we have a phone number and we also talk to bankers, uh, you know, that have new opportunities all the time. Obviously, uh, the bar is pretty high. Uh, you know, we're looking for, uh, people, one that, that buy into the long-term and our ownership culture, which is we have to have alignment there. That's by far the most important thing. You know, we look for track records in the space and then the niche business. So, you know, the bar is really high. We look at a lot of things. We say no quite a bit. T. John McCune, M.D.: : We get down the path quite a bit and then and then someone you know, maybe willing to offer or buy something for a lot higher value or more more dollars than what we're willing to take what we think something's worth strategically to us. T. John McCune, M.D.: : So you know we run into challenges when it comes to that need not meanwhile we've been able to grow. T. John McCune, M.D.: : Pretty significantly through. organic growth, as well as focused on adjacencies. So we are doing new things. I think Jen talked about a few of them within the businesses. I guess a lower risk proposition. It's also a less expensive risk. It's also with people that have already bought into our culture. So we've been able to grow quite a bit in that way. And it's not always product. Sometimes it is a a different way to distribute our product that we found ways to grow. So it's both distribution as well as adding new ways to distribute, but also adding new classes or new products within our existing space. So that way we can leverage our claim expertise. We can leverage our underwriting expertise. We can leverage systems and other fixed investments. And that's worked pretty well for us. but not if it's- Understood. Appreciate all the answers. Yep. Bring us ideas.

Understood. Okay. Not me, but somebody else.

Different department. Thank you. Yep.

All right. Thanks. The next question comes from Maya Shields from KBW. Maya, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks so much. I just had a couple of sort of rapid-fire modeling questions. First, Todd, can we get the breakdown of CAT losses by segment?

Yeah, if you look at, Mayor, there was about a million and a half incurred in the casualty segment in the fourth quarter. The rest of it was property. I forgot to mention that.

No, no problem at all. Within casualty, was there also a prior quarter adjustment for the loss pick on the quota share with Prime, or do you simply use Prime's numbers?

We do use Prime numbers, their numbers when it comes to the investment. They did, from their standpoint, increased, I think, on the 19 through 23 prior years and also increased their 24 accident year pick a bit as well.

But Mayor, I think your question was also about the reinsurance. And we have historically chosen to book that number at a higher or their loss ratio at a higher number than what they booked on their own financials, which is similar to what other reinsurers have. I mean, not just with Prime, but it's done all the time with reinsurers deciding they have a different viewpoint than the underlying carrier in regards to stuff.

Yeah, no, and I completely get the difference between, you know, where on the income statement stuff shows up. When you look at the property CAT rate decreases and the primary rate decreases staying in property, net-net, how does that shake out in terms of expected profitability in 25 versus 24?

Well, Mayor, I would say, you know, it's always contention on what kind of CATs actually happen. I would see rate decreases probably continuing a bit given the competitive environment in the cat space of property. And so as we try to hang on to our renewals, we'll see that happen. And then that could be affected by spring swarms or hurricanes or earthquakes or whatever may come to fruition. I don't know how these wildfires are going to impact the cat market. It's way too early to tell. Obviously, it's a separate payroll. It's human behavior. Sometimes those perils seem to bleed over into why people want to buy or what they think, and then sometimes it seems like they don't. So it's very hard to predict, and we'll see how that plays out. From a non-CAT perspective, we have seen more opportunities from different regions where people have pulled back from tornado and other types of activity. And so we have grown our book a bit in those areas, and we think we're getting adequate rate and also achieving rate increases in those areas. Even in Florida, for example, riding non-wind or having a sublimit for wind and riding some fire there can be very attractive depending on construction and different aspects of that location. So I think the opportunity away from cat business will remain healthy, especially probably given these wildfires where there might be more behavioral change even elsewhere. So we'll have to see. I don't have a number to give you, but I think we still have a lot of opportunity in that space.

Okay, fantastic. And one final question that hopefully we can answer. Do we expect a meaningful refund of earthquake premiums on structures that just don't exist anymore because of the California wildfires? Is that something that's going to impact the first quarter property segment?

I think if you look at our portfolio, since these events have been primarily residential related, I mean, there are some commercial buildings that have been impacted. but it's mostly residential, so that kind of excludes us from that issue. We could probably have a handful of commercial where they don't exist anymore, but, you know, we do get a shot a lot of times at both the fire and the earthquake, so we'll just have to see how that plays out. I don't have a specific number for you there. I don't think it'll be material would be my estimate.

That's perfect. That's all I needed.

Thanks so much. The next question comes from Casey Alexander from Compass Point. Casey, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah, thank you. And not to beat a dead horse on crime, but we've all seen this type of surprise reserve strengthening turn into a multi-quarter event. But I noticed that your basis in the business declined quarter over quarter on the balance sheet. Is that simply a reflection of Prime's book value, or is that an accounting-driven impairment of the business?

We have not impaired Prime. So, I mean, if you think about it, we're carrying it fairly close to book value from that standpoint. They did pay a dividend to it, so that would have caused the carrying basis to go down a little bit. We also pick up a share of their OCI, so to the extent that they had any declines on the fixed income side, if you look quarter to quarter, that would influence it with where rates went in the fourth quarter. So the bulk of it's really going to be what's running through the investment, the income side. We do have the OCI. They did pay us a dividend, so those will influence that carrying value. We have not impaired that investment.

That reminds me of my second question, which is, you know, the equity portfolio kind of underperformed the general market. Is that because of elevated preferred stock exposure, which is more interest rate sensitive? Thank you. This is Aaron.

We do have a portion of the equity allocation that's managed with a value orientation and that part of the allocation, which is the minority.

did underperform the broader market. So you're seeing that play through if you're getting down to the components of the overall total return between stocks and bonds.

All right. Thank you for taking my questions.

The next question comes from Jamie Inglis from PhiloSmith. Jamie, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning, guys. It's sort of an odd question, but can you speak to what is called the elasticity of the expense ratio relative to premium? Because I'm looking at the property segment, and your expense ratio improved, but obviously that can't continue if your premiums don't keep growing. Can you touch on that a little bit?

From the standpoint of that ratio, you're correct with the growth. We are leveraging some of the fixed nature of the expense base. Some of that, too, where we need to add people either to support that growth, that model will flex from that standpoint. If we were to have a decline in the future, that can solve itself fairly quickly from that standpoint. But, you know, I think, you know, the growth in property certainly has benefited the expense ratio, not only for property, but overall has benefited from that standpoint.

Has that happened historically when premiums in a particular segment have gone down as the expense ratio or the expenses, I should say? Have they been adjusted, you know, in line? How does that happen historically?

I think if you look historically at times where we've had larger E&S growth, I think you have seen probably lower expense ratios there if you try to isolate on periods of time. But there's a lot of things that are going into it. Certainly, even though expense ratio is down, our overall performance, I'll mention the 86.2 combined ratio again, that does drive increased incentives. whether it's retirement, profit sharing, both in terms of bonus as well, those drive higher from that perspective. So that'll move accordingly. I think things are pretty well aligned with what shareholders, because we are shareholders, would want from an expense standpoint or a combined ratio standpoint or a growth standpoint. We're in this together.

Okay, good deal. Thanks a lot.

Thanks, David.

The next question comes from Heather Takahashi from Thrivevent. Heather, your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi, guys. A couple of questions. One is on the surety adverse development. Could you just go over what caused that in the quarter, and then if you've taken any actions to address whatever caused that? And then another question, the California wildfires, do you think there could be any opportunity going forward in the market outside of California homeowners for either increased submissions growth in ENS or higher rates?

Hey Heather, this is Todd. I'll take the first question there that the adverse was on our contract book. It was about a million dollars. I mean, there isn't anything real. There's no trend there or anything to really point to. I would say that we're concerned about, uh, and on a year to date basis, it's, it's pretty, you know, pretty comparable to last year. That was, I think that the accident year there was maybe 21 and 22 on contract, but not a, it's not a, uh, not a big item.

I'll jump in, Heather. Thanks for your question. I would say that on contract surety, you know, we have recognized that the last few years, economic conditions, everybody kept predicting they're going to get a lot worse, and they were volatile. Smaller contractors struggled. Larger contractors did better, but it was a mixed bag. It was a very individual basis, and so our underwriters do consider what happens in these claims and think about how they're analyzing the contractor to see are they financially secure and is the So the construction project that they're taking on, are they able to financially support it and also get it done from an execution standpoint? So it does feed into how we underwrite risk. We do a postmortem on every claim insurer to understand what happened and how we should look at all of our contractors going forward if there's any changes in how we underwrite. So out of these claims, there wasn't anything. It's like two claims. So you're talking about a very small sample size here, but You know, we did do an analysis. It didn't significantly change what we were thinking. We actually, as an industry, contract sure does have more frequency going on because of the economic conditions. We have not seen that frequency. We just have a couple of things. So that's kind of your answer on surety.

You also asked about California wildfire, Heather, and I would say that, you know, T. I mean will it create other units opportunities, I mean I I think certainly maybe in the homeowner space there's there might be an opportunity I don't know that we'll participate in that word we come shine away from the. T. Personal homeowner's space, even on an NS basis, I think some of that depends on you know the. T. What comes out of the fair plan assessments and things like that I think I heard a carrier yesterday talk about their future depends on what's going to happen. you know, on a go-forward basis there, you know, that they're going to assess the admitted companies. It's certainly an underfunded plan based on the exposures they've taken on, so there's potential assessment out there for carriers, at least on the admitted side. So will it force other people to get into the E&S space? I think certainly there'll be an opportunity in the E&S space, whether it's in our space or not, because I still think it's been a relatively small event for commercial relative to the residential space. And as you know, our focus is all commercial there.

Got it. Thank you.

If there are no further questions, I will now turn the conference over to Mr. Craig Cleathams for some closing remarks.

Well, thank you all for joining today and we appreciate all of your questions and your interest in our company. A solid quarter to end another profitable year. We believe our hallmark underwriting discipline and diversified portfolio specialty products translate into consistent financial outcomes over time and allow us to serve as a stable market for our customers. Our results would not be possible without our entire team of dedicated associate owners who understand their customer, who care for them and each other, and who are competitive and strive to make us better each day. Our talented workforce and unique culture are what have enabled us to be named one of Glassdoor's top 10 companies to be part of in 2025. We will never lose sight of who we are and what makes us successful. I would like to thank all of our RLI associate owners for their contribution to our shared success and encourage them to keep delivering on the difference that works. Thank you all again for participating today and we'll visit again next quarter.

Ladies and gentlemen, if you wish to access the replay for this call, you may do so on the RLI homepage at www.rlicorp.com. This concludes our conference for today. Thank you all for participating and have a nice day. All parties may now disconnect.