Rush Street Interactive, Inc.

Good day, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Rush Street interactive second quarter, 2025 earnings conference call. All participants are in a listen only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. Please note that this conference call is being recorded today, July 30th, 2025. I will now turn the call over to Kyle Sowers, Chief Financial Officer.

Thank you, operator. And good afternoon. By now everyone should have access to our second quarter, 2025 earnings release. It can be found under the heading financials quarterly results in the investor section of the RSI website at RushStreetinteractive.com. Some of our comments will be forward looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward looking statements are not statements of historical fact and are usually identified by the use of words such as will, expect, should, or other similar phrases and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from what we expect. We assume no responsibility for updating any forward looking statements. Therefore, you should exercise caution in interpreting and relying on them. We refer you to our SEC violence for a more detailed discussion of the risks that could impact our future operating results and financial condition. During the call, we will discuss our non-GAAP measures which we believe can be useful in evaluating the company's operating performance. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. We will be discussing adjusted EBITDA which we define as net income or loss before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, share based compensation, adjustments for certain one time or non-recurring items, and other adjustments that are either non-cash or are not related to our underlying business performance. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure is available in our second quarter 2025 earnings release and our investor deck which is available in the investor section of the RSI website at rushstreakinteractive.com. For purposes of today's call, unless noted otherwise when discussing profitability, EBITDA or other income statement measures other than revenue, we're referring to those items on a non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA basis. With me on the call today, we have Richard Schwartz, Chief Executive Officer. We will first provide some opening remarks and then open the call to questions. With that, I'll turn the call over to Richard.

Thanks, Kyle. Good afternoon and thank you for joining us today. I'm excited to report that we've delivered another record quarter across the board with new highs in revenue, profitability, EBITDA margins and active player counts. This marks our ninth consecutive quarter of improving both revenue and adjusted EBITDA for the preceding quarter, underscoring the consistency and strength of our business model. Notably, adjusted EBITDA grew 88% year over year driven by strong performance across our business, growing revenue 22% versus a year ago. This is an acceleration in growth compared to Q1 which is particularly notable given Q2 that we've had a full quarter of Colombian bonusing headwinds and we lapped the Delaware launch of beginning of this year. This impressive growth was driven by strong broad-based performance across our business. Online casino revenue grew 25% during the quarter while online sports betting grew 15% compared to the same period last year. This consistent balanced momentum across product verticals underscores our ability to create engaging high quality experiences that attract and retain high value players. In North America, our emphasis on markets that include online casino continues to drive exceptional performance. Mowls in these markets grew by over 30% in the second quarter. Even when excluding Delaware, we still saw growth in the high 20% range which marks our highest growth rate since 2022 for all of our other iCasino markets in North America. The strong momentum reflects the effectiveness of our focus on markets where we can deploy our post-Suite gaming offerings and maximize player value. In Latin America, we continue to see tremendous momentum with Mowl growth exceeding 40% year over year even when comparing to the Copa America period last year when we experienced higher player engagement. This growth continues to demonstrate the strength of our platform and brand in the region. Looking at some of the highlights and our standout market performances. In the US, Michigan grew 42% year over year accelerating from Q1. West Virginia grew 47% year over year, the fastest growth we've seen in several quarters. And Delaware grew 74% year over year showing continued momentum in our sixth full quarter since launching. In Canada, Ontario grew 25% year over year, the fastest growth rate since 2023. And in Latin America, Columbia continued its great momentum with GGR up over 70% year over year when that revenue was about flat due to higher bonus in response to temporary tax and Mexico grew over 125% year over year and that impressive 40% sequentially from Q1. Looking ahead in the near term, we're excited about our expansion plans in Alberta where we anticipate launching when the market opens next year. This market presents a significant opportunity for us to leverage our success in other North American online casino markets. Additionally, we recently launched multi-state poker with shared player pooling across markets. In a short period, we went from no presence in the poker space to establishing Bet Rivers as a high quality competitor across four states and we are very proud of our team and what they've accomplished. The product and operations are thoughtfully designed to deliver a great user experience while serving as a valuable amenity that supports cross sale and engagement to our casino and sportsbook offerings. Our platform features unique functionality that encourages fluid cross play enabling our poker customers to play casino games and bet on sports without leaving the poker table. In addition, our partnerships with poker ambassadors, Phil Helmuth and Phil Galvan, have generated significant brand recognition for Bet Rivers and created fun, authentic ways to connect with our customers. Looking ahead, we have great confidence in our business. The positive momentum across our markets are far away any headwinds from increased taxes in the US and Colombia. As a result, we are raising our full year revenue and EBITDA guidance which Kyle will cover in more detail. With that, I'll turn the

call over to Kyle. Kyle. Thanks, Richard. As Richard mentioned, the second quarter marked another record breaking period for RSI with revenue reaching 269 million up 22% year over year. This top line growth is fueled by strong performance in North America where MAUs grew to 197,000 up 21% from the same period last year. Art MAU also hit a new quarterly high since going public of $391. As highlighted earlier, our online casino markets led the way with MAU growth exceeding 30%, reinforcing the strength of our strategy of prioritizing higher value opportunities. In Latin America, MAU has reached 403,000 up 42% year over year. It's worth noting that June and July of last year had higher player counts due to Copa America, making this growth even more impressive. Art MAU in the region was $30 which was impacted by higher bonusing in Colombia. Moving down the income statement, gross margin for the quarter was approximately .3% up about 80 basis points year over year. This improvement reflects our ongoing revenue diversification and higher growth in our higher margin markets and partially offset by the temporary VAT tax impact in Colombia. Our marketing efficiency continues to be a highlight of our performance. Marketing spend for the quarter was 36.2 million, representing less than 14% of revenue. Our lowest mark since going public. This is particularly remarkable given that we achieved our largest quarter in history for first time depositing customers despite having not launched any new North American markets since the end of 2023. GNA expenses were 18.7 million for the quarter, up 1% year over year, continuing to gain leverage as we scale the business. Adjusted EBITDA reached a record 40.2 million, demonstrating the strong flow through from our revenue growth to the bottom line. In fact, this is our highest flow through in the past five quarters. Our balance sheet remains exceptionally strong. As a quarter end, we increased cash to 241 million and remained debt free. Year to date, we've generated approximately 41 million in cash, excluding stock repurchases and stock withheld for employee tax obligations on bestings. During the quarter, we repurchased 2.5 million of stock under our previously announced program. In year to date, we've repurchased 733,000 shares at an average price of $10.41, with approximately 42 million still available under our current authorization. You also notice in our financials this quarter, a couple of one time non-cash tax related items. Thanks to our strong financial performance as measured by net income and our expectations for continued profitability, we're now required under accounting rules to recognize a deferred tax asset of approximately 145 million. This asset reflects the expected future tax benefits from prior period cumulative net operating losses and our tax receivable agreement, both of which can be used to help offset future taxable income. This asset is partially offset by the tax receivable agreement liability payable to previous holders of our class fee shares in the amount of 114 million. It's important to note that this liability only results in cash payments when actual tax savings are realized over time. Both items are non-cash this quarter, and we have excluded them from our EBITDA and EPS calculations in the tables in our financial statements. Based on our strong performance, we're raising our full year revenue and EBITDA guidance. We now expect 2025 revenue to be between a billion 50 and 1.1 billion with a midpoint of a billion 75 representing a 16% year over year increase. For the full year, we anticipate adjusted EBITDA to be between 133 million and 147 million, which represents 140 million at the midpoint up 51% year over year. Our guidance ranges for revenue and EBITDA continue to include a range of potential outcomes from the temporary VAT tax in Columbia with the continued assumption that the tax lasts through the end of the year. And one last reminder, our guidance includes only those markets that are live as of today. And with that, operator, we can open the line for questions.

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star followed by 1 on your telephone keypad. If for any reason at all you would like to remove that question, please press star followed by 2. Again, to ask a question, please press star 1. The first question comes from Bernie McTernan with Needham and Company. You may proceed.

Great. Thanks for taking questions. Maybe just to start, we'd like to just make sure we understand what's going into the guide in terms of taxes. So given the, you know, higher state taxes in a variety of states in the second half, what are you guys assuming and then any specific comments on what your strategy is going to be in Illinois? And then I have a follow up as well.

Yeah. Thanks, Bernie. I'll take that one. So in terms of the tax changes that have happened in Illinois and New Jersey, that's, obviously we've raised the guidance pretty significantly for both revenue and EBITDA, but it's those full impacts are included in the guidance. We're also, we have included in our EBITDA guidance continued headwind from the temporary VAT tax in Columbia. So for purposes of guidance, we've included that VAT tax being in place through the end of the year. And then on Illinois, just in terms of the strategy there so far, you know, we haven't shared plans yet on exactly what we plan to do. We're trying to make sure that we're blending goals of, you know, a great player experience, but also, you know, appropriate economics for us. What we have done to date is we've moved the minimum VAT up to a dollar. So that's the move thus far, but we're remaining flexible to figure out the right way to approach it as we get towards NFL season.

Understood. That's really helpful. And then just wanted to move over to LADAM and the growth rates that you described in Mexico were quite impressive. So just wanted to maybe understand where you see the glide path is to revenue and the opportunity to continue to scale just given the population GDP per capita per there, you know, relative to Columbia.

Sure. I'll start here and then Kyle can add in. You know, we expect Mexico or time to be one of our largest markets, certainly in Latin America and one of the largest markets we have given the population size being multiples of Columbia. We continue to be ahead of where Columbia was in terms of revenues for the same period of time after launch. We continue to really be able to grow our casino business in that jurisdiction. We can, we are very unique in our user experience and I think it resonates very well with the players down there who are looking for something different and exciting and differentiated and high quality compared possibly to what you see in the market. So we are very optimistic and continue to believe that can be a very significant market for us for many years to come. If you have anything else? Yeah, I

think Richard said it all. I mean, we've been, we've had growth accelerating there. Obviously there's good competition down there, but we're doing very, very well. We've got a great partner in that market that helps us out. But there's a lot of opportunity. Richard said it's the market size is multiples of what Columbia is. So if we get anywhere close to the success that we've had in Columbia over the years, that's a really, really big opportunity for us. So we're very, very excited about it.

Yep, makes a lot of sense. Thank you both.

Thank you. The next question comes from Jordan Bender with Citizens. You may proceed.

Hi, everyone. Good afternoon. A follow-up to the question we often ask on these calls, and that's the use of cash. The share of purchases have been, you know, somewhat minimal year to date. So is there any change to the thought around using your capital to invest back into the business, or are there any external opportunities through M&A or just new markets you have looked to do, just given the trajectory of the free cash flow?

Yeah, I'll start on that, Jordan. And then if Richard wants to add anything he can. I think on the buyback, you know, you're right. We've used about 8 million out of the 50 that's authorized. We will continue to be opportunistic there rather than, you know, perfectly programmatic. I think the biggest opportunity for us in use of cash is when we have new markets open up, particularly iCasino-led markets. And certainly if we have more than one of those happening at the same time, we want to make sure we've got plenty of capital to invest because we know that returns are really, really strong. We've seen that time and again when we've launched iCasino markets. So that's a real need for us to make sure we've got dry powder available.

Yeah, I would just add that, you know, we're committed to returning capital to shareholders as the cash flow grows in a balanced and opportunistic manner. And I think as Kyle indicated, we have a lot of emerging opportunities, I think in the future going to exist for iCasino. And we want to make sure we're properly able to invest the maximum we need to kind of achieve the shares that we know is possible given the quality of our experience. So we're continuing to be balanced and opportunistic when there's a situation that warrants it.

Understood, thanks. And then switching gears a little bit, going back to Columbia, have you noted, you know, we've seen or you told us about the growth rates, you know, pretty incredible growth, but have you seen any change in the customer? And I guess what I'm trying to ask here is as we exit the VAT tax at the end of the year into 26, would you expect the market to look any different or is it kind of business as usual from what you saw back in 24? Thank you.

Well, yeah, I think, you know, we're continuing to absorb the VAT tax for the players. So the experience and the way they're interfacing with us remains the same. So there's really no change that we would expect as we move into next year, other than we'd have a much higher volume of players contributing a larger art mal per player given the reduction in bonus.

Understood. Thank you very much.

Thank you. As a quick reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. The following comes from Ryan Sigdahl with Craig Helen. You may proceed.

Hey, Richard Kyle, really nice quarter. I want to stay on the last point you just said, Richard, just on Columbia. But overall, remarkable growth and margin expansion despite those headwinds from the VAT tax. So as it relates to Columbia, just when that goes away next year, it is simple as assuming that revenue will see an immediate uplift. You'll have higher GDR conversion to NGR and revenue. And then you'll have a disproportionate uplift to margins and pre-cash flow because there really shouldn't be much incremental cost attached to that incremental revenue.

Yeah, right. I'll take that one. I think that's generally right. I mean, obviously, there's a lot of a lot of moving parts and there's a lot that will happen between now and the beginning of next year. But I think if history is a guide, we're going to continue to to grow our player counts and and grow that player base. So so we're pretty confident in that. I think you're on the right point that we've been growing GGR over 50 percent. You know, you're at 70 over 70 percent in Q2 is actually higher than that in in local currency. And, you know, prior to the VAT being in place, we were growing GGR and net revenue at similar paces. So I think there's it's a big headwind for us here while this while this tax is in place and that obviously hits revenue and and profitability. So we're pretty excited for the the time when that that isn't in place any longer.

And then maybe just any update from a market standpoint, I guess, assume it goes away at year end, but any confidence that it won't be extended and or could be repealed quicker.

Sure. I mean, the VAT decree expires, as you know, at the end of this year in order to congressional action is necessary for the VAT to continue beyond the year end. And we've been working on that and the current president has tried in the past to get Congress to support this type of initiative. And he's been unsuccessful in that. So speaking to all the experts that we do speak locally down there with this seems to be a little likelihood. But, you know, we always prepare for for all the options. But I guess at the end of the day, the other thing to reference is that there was a case, a second hearing in front of the Constitutional Court about whether the emergency decree imposing the 19 percent that tax on online gaming to fund the effort to get increased grow activity near Venezuela and the border area is still at the topic is still pending before the Constitutional Court for legal procedural reasons. The court actually postponed recently its review of this decree, along with other emergency decree cases having nothing to do with our industry. So we're still waiting for the information from the court is to win this year expects to issue a ruling or a tax decree. And there is still a chance that they could shorten the duration of it from the rest of the year to a shorter period of time. But again, we don't have a lot of additional visibility beyond what I just shared with you.

Very good. Then just for my follow up, just curious any benefit or impact you saw from the club World Cup specifically in Latin America, but even across your business.

I wouldn't know anything particularly impactful there. You know what? One thing just to keep in mind, anytime we have events like that, you know, a lot of the rest of the activity actually stops, even though you have you have some exciting things that can draw in new players and creates a lot of attention. But it actually it actually has a negative impact on the other side.

Very good. Thanks, guys. Good luck.

Thanks.

Thanks.

Thank you. The next question comes from Jed Kelly with Oppenheimer. You may proceed.

Hey, great. Thanks for taking my questions. Who, if I may just just going to the growth in Ontario, I think you said it was it was 25% highest in a couple years. Is that being driven more by you're taking some share from gray market operators or anything you can can explain there? And then just on the guidance kind of implies the back half EBITDA is in line with the first half. And if I look historically, every year your EBITDA grows incrementally each quarter. So can you just give us a little more update on how we should be thinking about the back half and potential investments there? Thank you.

Hey, Jed. Yeah. So I'll take the first question. I think probably the second one. You know, we've been investing a lot of focus and energy on Ontario's we've mentioned before. And we believe given the size of the population, the market size and being a market that appeals to us, given the existence of both sports and casino, it's an area that we have been focusing on. And so I think it's hard to tell, though, whether our our growth is at the expense of the gray or black market operators that can compete in that market. Obviously, those numbers aren't as published. So it's hard to really track exactly how they are being impacted. But all we can do is focus on the fact that we're in a really large market with upside for us and making sure we continue to innovate and find ways to grow our player base in that jurisdiction.

And in general, I'll hit your second question here on that, just the kind of EBITDA cadence. You know, one thing we did highlight in the prepared remarks is just how successful the marketing team has been in bringing in great players, particularly in our casino markets and doing so very efficiently. Having said that, we've got a lot of opportunities to do more there. So we do expect marketing spend to go up in Q3 from where we were in Q2 and then and then likely up again in Q4 from Q3. So I think that that impacts some of that EBITDA cadence. Obviously, this quarter was fantastic. We had we had lower marketing spend. You know, it's relatively flat year over year. It's the lowest marketing as a percentage of revenue mark that we've had, even though we had our largest number of first time depositors ever. But I expect that amount that the absolute dollar amount of marketing to go up in Q3 and Q4. We'll still get leverage over the marketing line in Q3 and Q4. That would certainly be my expectation, but we will spend some more. That is probably the biggest driver.

And was there anything to call out in the second quarter from higher holds and sports betting for a positive impact on EBITDA?

Yeah, so it is probably pretty well published. The sports outcomes were certainly better in in Q2 for operators than they had been for a few previous quarters. So in North American hold in sports probably picked us up around five million in revenue during Q2.

Thank you.

Thanks, Jen.

Thank you. The following comes from David Coutts with Jefferies. You may proceed.

Hi afternoon, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. And congrats on a very strong quarter. I really would like your perspective on the prediction markets. It comes up consistently, not just in our conversations with investors and some of your peer operators, et cetera. Not a will you or won't you question, but what do you make of all this?

Yeah, David, good question. Thanks for it. You know, we're monitoring very closely like everybody else is in the sector. There's a lot of moving parts as I've been referenced in a lot of prior discussions with other folks in our industry and other earnings calls. And, you know, at the end of the day for us, you know, we are a casino first company, so we don't see the same risks to our existing business as others do. Clearly, when you're offering products that are both sports related in similar ways and you have your state regulators sort of in part of lawsuits against the federal approach, it's a very delicate situation, a balance between maintaining your resisting sportsbook infrastructure at a state level and perhaps having a national approach through a prediction market approach. So I would say that for us in particular, it doesn't have the same risk as others. But the contrary, if prediction markets increase the chances of tax dollar erosion for states that have legal online sports betting, I think a very real possibility is that it could accelerate the legalization of iCasino, which doesn't have the same level of risk. So it provides a more protected category for states who want to have some meaningful revenue upside for the taxes for their state. So I think it could work out well for us ultimately in the sense that, you know, our top priority is legalizing more additional iCasino states and opportunities for online casino legalization. And I think this could give a nod towards that being another reason why a state should do it.

Understood. And, you know, I know I've asked this question a bunch of times in meetings and not so much here, but, you know, scale always seems to be a critical element and to some degree it's part of your strategy in combining iCasino in sports and states where you have it available. Do you think about strategies, you know, to sort of add scale to what you have and what benefits that might bring obviously at some cost? And, you know, any perspectives that you can share obviously in an unspecific or qualitative way?

Yeah, sure. I'll take that one. You know, we've been working on this platform for over 20, sorry, over 12 years, and our focus from day one has been on high quality and differentiation. And so if you can execute differentiation, which is a difficult thing to do in our industry where a lot of the content is commoditized in some ways, if you can build things that are truly unique and offer a high quality user experience, you can generate industry-leading economics like we do. And I think the best way of reflecting that is in our industry-leading art model, which continues, as was referenced earlier, was the highest it's ever been for us in North America this quarter since being public. So I think at the end of the day, our goal is to build a great experience and constantly reinvest and create first impression experiences that other products and platforms haven't designed or haven't thought of in many cases, with the idea that if a player experiences it, you can create a wow impact for them, and they're going to stay loyal to you and generate that incremental revenue that we talked about, the leading economics. So the answer to your question is, yes, we think about how can we get a larger volume of players engaging and using our user experience because we truly feel that we've demonstrated the quality of it. I think you can just look at the Delaware example where we are 7x what the previous operator achieved in their best quarter at this point from the casino based on our revenue from a run rate. So I think that's not an accident. So the answer to your question is, we're always looking for ways to get a higher volume of customers through our platform because we do think based on our experience, the data that we do share, that it's pretty evident that it works on a very high level.

Appreciate it. Congrats again. Thanks. Thanks, David. Thank

you. The following question comes from Chad Bainan with McCoy. You may proceed.

Hi, good afternoon. Nice quarter, gentlemen. Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to ask about maybe let's start with live dealer, how you're thinking about that market going forward. It's grown a little bit in a few of the states where it's permitted, still well below what we're seeing in other markets. But I'm wondering if you could kind of touch on how you're thinking about this business short and long term. Thank you.

Sure. So, you know, live dealer has a meaningful part of the business segment. It obviously has a lot of room for growth and something we've been focusing more and more on is making sure we have a high variety, not just high quality offering, but make sure we have a really diverse set. We've done some things to improve the user experience by aggregating a lot of the games under a single lobby, whereas most of the game suppliers that provide that product really like to kind of keep their games within their own sort of encapsulated protected area. So players kind of switch between the library games from a single vendor where we of course want to offer our players the greatest flexibility to play the greatest variety of games that we have available on our site for live dealer. We also focus invested in having exclusive content and having exclusive tables as well, integrating some of the tools available from the vendors to ensure that we can offer some fun kinds of content and rewards to our players at the tables. You know, I think that as a company that has focused very heavily on casino in recent years, you know, there is a chance that some of the sports book first brands have a higher percentage of players that can cross out a table games than we do because we are not having as much of a focus on the sports book players, perhaps others are. That just means that we have to make sure that we develop the experience for the core casino customer that really likes that type of product. And in the day the product is here for a reason. It's because a lot of players will trust the experience of seeing with their own eyes the outcome through a live stream experience versus maybe them feeling like with a random number generator, they don't feel a trust is perhaps missing and why maybe the dealer ends up with a 21 when they have a 16. So I think there's this trust element a lot of dealer really has done a great job with. We have some partnerships we've been working on with some key partners there as well to try to bring some innovation to that category. So all in all, we are bullish on that up on live dealer. We've made a lot of steps to try to make it a better experience for our customers, offered exclusive games, exclusive tables, and really making sure we offer a very robust offering and merchandise as well for our customers.

Thanks, Richard. And then on the margin outlook, oh, that was helpful. You know, talking about the back half as it relates to marketing certainly makes sense, given the customer acquisition cost to LTV. G and A was down first half of 25 versus first half of 24. Wondering if there's anything to call out there and how should we think about that in the back half and how it feeds into the guidance? Thanks.

Yeah, sure. So on G and A, last year in Q2, we had a little bit of a headwind in foreign exchange. The reverse was true in this year's second quarter, although a more modest amount. So beyond that, we're continuing to try to stay disciplined with the investments and driving efficiencies there. I think we've probably said this for some time, but we've we thought we've got the right foundation in place to drive the business in the G and A area. And we're starting to leverage that pretty nicely this year, but I would expect G and A to continue to rise sequentially as the year continues here, but also get leverage over that line item in both Q3 and Q4. Great. Thank you both. Appreciate it. Thank you.

Thank you. The next question comes from Dan Pulitzer with JP Morgan. You may proceed.

Hey, good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. First, just a follow up on the guidance. I think the second half implied revenue growth is about 10%, 12%, given where you fall in the range, which compares with the first half growing around 20%. What's driving that deceleration? Is that, you know, are you just being conservative with Columbia or, you know, is it lapping very strong growth last year or any anything kind of, you know, to kind of give more detail on what's driving that?

Yeah, so you hit on a couple of them. I think we talked about this a little bit on probably our previous call, but it probably makes sense that our revenue growth is a little bit lower in the second half. Couple of things. One is we lapped Delaware at the beginning of this year. So as this year goes on, it's logical that the growth rate is going to be or could slow as the year goes on for Delaware. We've got, I guess it's five months of history now with the temporary VAT tax in Columbia. So there's still some level of uncertainty of how our competitors might approach the market, how players might react. I think Richard commented earlier, we've seen really good player engagement. Obviously, that's proven out with the player growth that we've had, but we want to leave some range of outcomes there. The second piece on Columbia is we actually have a little bit tougher comps in Columbia in the back half of the year because of the Copa America last summer. We just had massive player acquisition in Q3 last year. Columbia player count grew well over 100%. So we're starting to lap that and that's so the growth rate will be a little bit tougher in Columbia. And then, you know, obviously add the VAT situation on top of that. Just thinking about it sequentially, Q2, as I just mentioned that a previous question, we had a little bit of favorable help on sports outcomes. Maybe we'll get the same in the back half, but that was around five million. So that's something to consider from a sequential perspective. And then I think we just want to be mindful that we're in some fantastic high growth online casino markets in North America. And we're clearly very bullish about the opportunities, but we just want to leave room for the possibility of slowing growth as the markets mature. I think we've all seen these markets perform really well, New Jersey being the best indicator probably of how these markets will perform long term. But we just want to make sure we've got some level of balance built into the guidance there.

Got it. That makes sense. And then just following up in terms of the cost structure, I think cost of goods sold is around 65% plus or minus of your revenues. It seems like market access fees are increasingly commoditized. Is this something that could be a material driver as you maybe renegotiate some of these market access agreements in the coming years? I don't know if there's any kind of timetable or any parameters through which we could think about that through.

Yeah, yeah, it's a good question, Dan. I think there's you'd have to look at that kind of sports versus I casino and there may be a decent amount of open licenses in some of these markets for sports that had more licenses and have had some attrition to operators. That's not necessarily as true on the casino side. So we may see some opportunities there over time, but I'm not sure that I would count that as a material driver. I think we've got a really good path to continuing to improve our gross margins fairly consistently here for the next several years. You know, the revenue mix continues to trend towards our markets that are higher margin and then just structurally we're able to improve costs with a lot of our vendors as we get scale and more new vendors come into the market and the market matures a little bit. That's an area that we've got opportunity to improve. So I feel very good about where our gross margins are going to continue to go. But in that particular area, I wouldn't think about that as a big needle mover for us.

Got it. Thanks so much. Nice order.

Thanks, Dan.

Thank you. The next question comes from Joe Stoff with Susquehanna. You may proceed.

Thank you. Hello, Richard. Kyle. I wanted to ask you on Columbia, Latin America in general, in terms of your statement there. You know, and just kind of revisit your approach to Columbia. Obviously, you know, you had significant growth in GGR in the quarter and flat NGR. You know, that was a similar case in the first quarter. You know, I realize you're essentially paying the tax. I would imagine, you know, some of that user growth that you're generating there is because you're paying the tax. Can you just kind of revisit that strategy and as best you can, maybe explain it to us about what competitors are doing and, you know, what could shake out with that market stabilizing at some point later this year?

Yeah, Joe. So just one thing I will just make sure is clear to you and others is that all of the market leaders are deploying the same bonusing strategy at the moment. And so from a competitive standpoint, we felt like that's the right move to make. And it's allowed us to serve our customers very well and grow that customer base pretty significantly. So I wouldn't I wouldn't suggest that our ability to grow GGR or grow our player base is because we're doing something particularly more aggressive than others are. I think it's I think it's about the product that we're delivering and the experience we're delivering for customers. You know, we continue to evaluate the strategy there and and you know, this is a temporary tax in place. So we continue to monitor everything around that and what our competitors are doing. But this is this is what we feel is the right the right place for us to be at the moment for the long term health of the business.

There's a couple of things that we are. Please. Right. So a couple of things that we are doing well there, I think that are allowing us reform. Well, again, only your own technology allows us to make changes, implement new concepts, new features, new programs to deliver custom experiences that maybe help us to address sort of the situation. And what I mean by that, for example, we've really focused on some payment methods that are unique and new to the industry that we bring forward after many years of work to try to bring a capability to our experience out the players there really value. And so that's one example. We've also been really focusing on ways to reduce deposit turnover to allow ourselves to kind of optimize the performance of the players and minimize the impact of the tax to reduce the amount of taxes we have to pay. So again, using our technology and operational team and bracing sort of novel ways to engage with customers to deliver results, incentivize customers in certain ways. And we think some of that effort's really making a difference for us.

Got it. And in Kyle, you had mentioned in the previous answer, you know that, okay, you have a tougher comp in the third quarter. In terms of the 100% user growth that you had in Colombia, but would you expect, you know, say this pattern and what it looked like called in the first and second quarter to return in the fourth quarter?

So I think they I think you're specifically talking about the headwind in Colombia growth that I mentioned just because of the user growth. Keep in mind, we had a bit of a kind of a step change in our user counts really starting late June last year when Copa America came around. We just had really massive player growth and that has continued. We've clearly been able to continue to improve on that. But I think that the headwind for that particular piece is still there in Q4. I mean, I just want to be clear. We're expecting Q4 to be our biggest revenue quarter this year. Again, that's I don't want to there to be any confusion about that. Okay, thank you. Thanks, Joe.

Thank you. There are currently no other questions. Q. So I'll pass it back over to the team for closing remarks.

Well, thank you again for joining us today. We're excited about the road ahead and look forward to showing our continued progress when we report our third quarter results this fall.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your line.