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Operator
The transaction also supports growth in our asset management businesses. On close, Sun Life will release capital held for the life and pension business. We estimate a LICAP benefit of 1% to 2% associated with the capital release. However, the final amount will be determined on close. Sun Life will continue to maintain our economic interest in the UK payout annuities business. This block of business has an attractive risk-reward profile with strong ROE and cash flows and has been optimally structured from a Sun Life capital perspective. We expect that this business will generate approximately $30 million of annual underlying net income after the transaction closes in the first half of 2023. I want to take this opportunity to thank our team in the UK for their passion and dedication to Sun Life. An important part of our decision-making process included finding a company where our UK employees could continue to grow and develop their careers, and we believe we have done so with Phoenix. Turning to slide five, we provide an overview of our second quarter financial highlights. Our diversified business mix continues to demonstrate resilience and strength. Reported net income of $785 million was down 13% year-over-year, predominantly driven by market impacts. Underlying net income of $892 million was up modestly. Manjit will discuss the quarterly financials in more detail. Overall, we saw good growth across the business despite challenging conditions. Canada had a strong quarter as disability results improved. The U.S. was also strong as COVID mortality impacts moderated, and we added approximately U.S. $10 million in earnings in the U.S. for DentaQuest. This happened after the close on June 1st. These positives offset lower fee income at MFS driven by equity markets and a relatively in-line quarter in Asia as COVID-related restrictions continue to impact the Hong Kong business. Capital also remains solid in the quarter with 128% LICAT for SLF and 124% for SLA. Slide 6 highlights several strategic initiatives from the quarter that support our client impact strategy. This quarter, we expanded our commitment to sustainability as SLC Management's fixed income business signed up to the Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative, joining previous commitments made by other SLC affiliates, including Bento Green Oak, BGO, and Infrared. In Malaysia, we launched the first Sharia-compliant, investment-linked, tackleful ESG fund. The fund provides an affordable and accessible avenue for clients to embed ESG factors in their investments. As part of distribution excellence, we renewed our bank insurance partnership in the Philippines with RCBC, one of the country's leading commercial banks. The partnership was renewed for an additional 10 years and will continue to provide RCBC clients with access to financial protection products. We also saw another quarter of strong momentum at SLC Management, with capital raising of $5.7 billion in the quarter. We're seeing good traction across all asset classes offered through our diverse alternative investments platform, including BGO, where investors are pivoting to debt secure by real estate to provide protection against current economic conditions. And our position as a trusted brand was recognized this past quarter by Corporate Nights magazine, which once again included Sun Life on its list of the best 50 corporate citizens in Canada. We have appeared on the annual ranking for 17 years, And the 2022 edition ranks us 21st overall, driven in part by strong scores on executive gender diversity, board racial diversity, and sustainability linked to executive pay. Slide seven provides highlights on our digital leadership. By focusing on digital priorities and continuing to develop our operating model, we are making great progress in our digital journey. In Canada, our digital coach, Ella, continues to help clients make better decisions. driving year-to-date increases in both wealth deposits and insurance coverage, which were up 14% and 64%, respectively, from prior year. We're also making excellent progress in the U.S., with 76% of claims submitted digitally in the quarter. And in Asia, we saw a significant increase in digital submissions of new business applications, up 13% over the prior year. I'm also excited to welcome Chris Way to Sun Life, as our Executive Vice President and Chief Client and Innovation Officer reporting to me. Chris joins our executive team in this new global cross-enterprise role, leading Sun Life's commitment to client experience excellence. Chris will be responsible for identifying and cultivating innovative solutions focused on achieving our purpose, including establishing measurable targets while maximizing our impact to foster a sustainable society and healthier planet. He will lead our sustainability, global marketing, and corporate communications functions. Chris brings more than 25 years of global leadership experience in insurance and wealth management, and we're excited to have his depth of knowledge and experience on our team. With that, I'll hand the call over to Dan to discuss the close of DentiQuest. We are excited to have DentiQuest join the Sun Life family.
Bento Green Oak
Thanks, Kevin. I'm pleased to provide an update today on DentiQuest since closing the acquisition on June 1st. With the addition of DentalQuest, Sun Life is now the second largest dental benefits provider in the U.S. by membership, and we now serve more than 50 million Americans across all of our benefits products. Combined, we expect to generate more than $7 billion in total annual U.S. benefits revenues as one of the largest providers of specialty benefits in the U.S. Over the past decade, we have transformed the U.S. business from a mostly retail individual life and annuities business to a high-performing, market-leading benefits business. The DentaQuest acquisition continues this evolution, changing the footprint of our business in the U.S. into a larger, more healthcare-focused organization, now with more than 70% of our benefits revenue coming from healthcare. These changes have transitioned Sun Life U.S. from a capital-intensive to a capital-light business with strong cash flow generation, from businesses with long-term risk profiles to mostly short-term risk and fee-based businesses, from slow-growth markets to higher-growth markets, and from ROEs in the single digits to a return on tangible equity in the high teens. The DentaQuest acquisition adds a large and growing business that aligns strongly with our risk and return profile and advances our business strategy to be a leader in health and benefits. Together, we will do even more to provide great oral health care to all and to help people live healthier lives. We welcomed 2,400 DentaQuest employees to the Sun Life family on June 1st. The leadership team for the dental business is in place, consisting of a blend of DentaQuest and Sun Life leaders, and is focused on growth strategies, revenue synergies, and optimizing performance. We're approaching integration with GreatCare, And our goal is to realize the full potential of the transaction for all our stakeholders, including providing enhanced offerings for clients, delivering on our accretion and cost savings targets for shareholders, creating new opportunities for our employees, and delivering a positive integration experience for all. We have a strong track record of successfully integrating group benefits businesses while minimizing disruption for our clients. Many of the leaders who manage the Assurant integration are involved in the DentaQuest integration. We are focused on integration activities that will support our run rate cost savings target of US $60 million by 2024. We're off to a strong start with a fully integrated leadership team, engaged employees, and a detailed plan for the remaining steps. This quarter, we began reporting separately on the performance of our dental business, which includes DentaQuest, both the government and commercial segments, and the existing Sun Life U.S. dental and vision business. The second quarter includes one month of results for Dentiquest and three months of the legacy Sun Life dental and vision results. I'm excited about the future at Sun Life U.S. We now have four strong businesses with market-leading positions in dental and stop-loss and a top-ten employee benefits business. Although recent results have been somewhat masked by COVID impacts, Once this subsides, we remain confident in achieving our medium-term targets for the U.S., including 10% or more earnings growth for our benefits businesses. At this time, I'd like to turn the call over to Manjit.
Kevin
Thank you, Dan, and good morning, everyone. Slide 11 provides an overview of our second quarter results. The results reflect the strength of our business fundamentals and the benefits of our diversified business mix amidst a challenging operating environment. Reported net income in the quarter was $785 million, down 13%, primarily driven by lower equity markets. Underlying net income of $892 million and underlying earnings per share of $1.52 were up 1% from the prior year. Good insurance sales, moderating COVID impacts, strong credit results, one month of earnings in the DentaQuest acquisition, and disciplined expense management helped to offset lower asset management results. Underlying return on equity was 14.9% in the quarter. Book value per share was up 6% over the prior year. And excluding the impacts and other comprehensive income, book value per share was up 10%. We continue to maintain a solid capital position with like-out ratios of 128% at SLF and 124% at SLA. The decline in the SLF ratio from last quarter primarily reflects the closing of the Dentiquest acquisition and market impacts in the quarter. Now, let's turn to our business group performance starting on slide 13 with MFS. MFS reported net income of U.S. $228 million, up 19% from the prior year, reflecting fair value changes and outstanding share-based payment awards. Underlying net income was down 17%, driven by lower average net assets in line with year-over-year declines in global equity markets. MFS generated a pre-tax net operating margin of 36%. Operating margin declined by 3 percentage points from the prior quarter due to lower average net assets partially offset by lower variable compensation. AUM was down 13% from Q1 to US$553 billion, largely reflecting lower equity markets and US$5.5 billion of net outflows. Net outflows in the quarter were driven by U.S. retail, reflecting significant industry-wide retail redemptions. In fact, Q2 reflected the highest level of U.S. retail industry redemptions in over 30 years. That said, MFS saw lower relative retail redemptions as a proportion of AUM compared to the industry. Institutional inflows were U.S. 1.5 billion in the quarter. Turning to slide 14, SLC management delivered another solid quarter with a reported net income of $5 million and underlying net income of $23 million. Underlying net income reflected strong growth in fee-related earnings, partially offset by real estate investment mark-to-market losses. Fee-related earnings were up 13% from the prior year, reflecting strong capital-raising activity and the deployment of capital into fee-earning AUM over the past 12 months. The fee-related earnings margin of 23% was down modestly due to continued investments in business growth. Strong capital raising of $5.7 billion a quarter reflects the diversification of our investments platform, with positive momentum across all investment strategies. Total AUM includes $21 billion that is not yet earning fees. Once invested, these assets can generate annualized fee revenue of more than $175 million. On slide 15, Canada's reported net income of $160 million was down from the prior year, mainly due to market-related impacts. Underlying net income of $344 million was up 19% from the prior year, underpinned by good business growth and favorable mortality, morbidity, and credit experience. This quarter's results also includes higher large-case group benefit sales in Sun Life Health and solid growth in third-party insurance sales. While sales were supported by higher large-case mandates in group retirement and defined benefit solutions, partially offset by lower industry-wide retail mutual fund sales. Turning to slide 16, U.S. reported income of U.S. $167 million was up 31% from the prior year, reflecting real estate gains. Underlying net income of U.S. $121 million was up from U.S. $93 million in the prior quarter, reflecting one month of earnings from DentaQuest and more normalized group life mortality. Group life mortality significantly improved in Q2, in line with improvements in the overall population. We also saw some moderation in the favorable stop-loss morbidity experience in the quarter, but inpatient utilization remains below pre-COVID levels. Our U.S. business continues to demonstrate strong core fundamentals with solid growth in premiums and fee income, good client persistency, and benefits from investments in Pinnacle Care and Dentequest. Slide 17 outlines Asia's results for the quarter. Reported net income was $131 million, down 8% from the prior year in constant currency. Underlying net income of $148 million was down modestly on a constant currency basis. Second quarter results were impacted by lower sales in Hong Kong driven by pandemic-related restrictions and lower equity market-related fee income. This is mostly offset by higher new business gains in our international high net worth business, and while international sales were lower than the prior year, profitability of sales is up as we focus on selective origination in the high net worth market. Outside of Hong Kong and international, insurance sales grew double digits in the rest of our markets as they emerged from pandemic restrictions. Asia wealth sales were lower than prior year, reflecting declines in global equity markets. Overall, we're pleased with our results this quarter. Sun Life's attractive mix of diversified businesses once again allowed us to deliver good performance in a challenging operating environment. The fundamentals of our business remain strong, and we are continuing to invest to drive future growth. And the investments we have made in recent transactions, including in SLC management, DentaQuest, and bank insurance in Asia, are performing well and contributing to results. With that, I'll turn the call back to Nhi for Q&A.
Dan
Thank you, Manjit. To help ensure that all of our participants have an opportunity to ask questions this morning, I would ask you to limit yourselves to one or two questions and then re-queue with any additional questions. I will now ask the operator to poll the participants.
spk12
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press the start and 1 on your touchtone phone. If you're using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press the start and 2. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question comes from Manny Groman, Hoshea Bank. Please go ahead.
Manny Groman
Hi, good morning. Question about Asia. It looks like COVID, North America is putting COVID behind, and we saw the improvement in the U.S., but in Asia, it looks like COVID-related restrictions continue to be a factor. And this quarter, we saw it in Hong Kong. I'm wondering what the outlook looks like or what you're seeing so far in Q3, but then even beyond that. Do you expect any material change in COVID-related restrictions, or is this going to be a persistent issue over the foreseeable future?
spk00
Thank you very much for the question, Manny. It's Ingrid Johnson from Asia. I've actually just spent almost four weeks touring Asia and went to almost all of our markets other than India and China, and it's exactly right. The rest of Asia is actually opening up really nicely. whereas Hong Kong is still facing some of the restrictive measures as it pursues the dynamic zero COVID policy. However, under the new chief executive that is being evaluated, it's very uncertain, and you're correct, we do see that implication flow through into our sales, and principally also with the borders closed and the virtually zero MCV sales, versus in 2016 it was at its height, 9 billion, and there was a high weighting of our competitors on being able to write that business. So we are seeing increased competition domestically in Hong Kong, two quarters of contraction of GDP. There's no doubt that this needs to change. We're not sure when, but we're preparing and making sure we build a really great business that's positionable to take advantage as restrictions ease.
Manny Groman
If the zero policy, zero COVID policy continues, are there any changes you can make to that business or anything you're contemplating to adjust to that ongoing reality?
spk00
Importantly, we've also faced the market volatility that's been felt globally. We're number two in terms of our MPF flows. We still have a very strong position overall. with a third position. So we're very strong in the wealth business and that we will continue. And the business is very well positioned also with our bow tie insurer that's got good momentum. So we feel that we're well positioned at Sun Life with our global positioning that we want to strengthen our offerings in Hong Kong. So we're cautiously optimistic and we do believe that Hong Kong will emerge at some point and we will be well positioned to take advantage of that. Thank you. And we actually remain committed to a medium-term objective of 15%.
Manny Groman
Got it. Appreciate that.
spk12
The next question comes from Tom McKinnon, PMO. Please go ahead.
Tom McKinnon
Yeah, thanks very much and good morning. With respect to Daniquest, Is it possible that you might be able to share with us the underlying earnings that DentiQuest contributed in the one month that you had it in the second quarter? And a follow-up.
Bento Green Oak
Sure, Tom. This is Dan Fishbein. In U.S. dollars, the underlying earnings for DentiQuest in the one month was $10 million.
Tom McKinnon
Okay, that's great. Thanks. And then the follow-ups with respect to corporate... Just wondering how that might trend. It was an underlying earnings loss of $35 million. It's going to be higher year over year. I assume that's from increased debt. Just wondering how that might trend going forward until you sell the... until the close of the UK block. And then when the close of the UK block happens, I think you would lose... another $40 million in annual earnings. And would that be in that corporate block as well? So just a little bit of color there. Thanks.
Kevin
Good morning, Tom. It's Manjit. Yeah, the corporate earnings, as you know, include a number of factors. So they do move around a little bit quarter to quarter. This quarter, we did benefit from favorable expense experience, largely in the corporate segment. So that's what's reflected in this quarter's results. And then to your point going forward, Once the clock transaction closes, you would see a decline in that number for the business that we sold. And we mentioned in our slides that would be about the $40 million you outlined. And that's the $40 million on an annual basis.
Tom McKinnon
That's right. And I think you had mentioned before that after dividends and investment in the business that you generate excess capital of about a billion annually. Does that change at all with this divestiture?
Kevin
No, I don't think that changes materially after the divestiture. As we said, the $40 million is a relatively small number. And as you know, as part of the transaction, we are freeing up capital. And obviously, we'll use that capital to generate additional earnings.
Operator
And Tom, it's Kevin. Of course, we've also entered a strategic management partnership with Phoenix. And we expect that we will get a good chunk of the $25 billion they're planning to deploy over the next five years into the North American sort of asset management space, and that will provide an income stream that will make up some of the lost revenue. So deploying the capital we get back and also the asset management agreement are in combination, I think, a good support to the earnings.
Tom McKinnon
Okay, and how much do you expect to get on that $25 billion deal?
Operator
It's going to emerge over the next five years, and you might even say it would emerge sort of pieces over the five years. You can look, as Steve talked about in his slides, what we expect from the alternatives. This will be a mixture of public fixed income to alternative asset management, so it's It's hard to say exactly what the timeline will be. There's a process and a fiduciary responsibility they have for bringing them on. But you will see that earnings emerge, and we expect that will make up a good chunk of what we've lost. And, in fact, the other piece is you have to remember this is a closed block. For the life and pension business that we sold, we expect that that was going to decline quite significantly over the next five to seven years, whereas the payout annuity business that we're keeping, we expect to be fairly stable from an earnings perspective and cash flow perspective.
Steve
Okay, thanks for that.
spk12
The next question comes from Kat Chen with Canaccord Annuity. Please go ahead.
Kat Chen
Good morning. My question is actually a follow-up to Tom on DentaQuest. I know it's one month, but Dan, is there any seasonal impact on that business, or like a $120 million annual run rate is kind of what we're looking for?
Bento Green Oak
Yeah, good morning. I would caution that one month is not necessarily a trend, and so multiplying one month by 12 is always a little tricky. What I can say is, you know, we're still confident in the accretion projections that we made when we announced the transaction, and certainly the results in June, you know, would support that. We did see a little higher margins in June than perhaps we expected and a little lower revenues, but the higher margins were more than made up for the small variance in revenues. But overall, I think the comment we would make is at least this first month gives us confidence in our prior projections.
Kat Chen
And if I take that first month and just annualize it and just do a quick map, it seems like the earnings power is substantially lower than when you announced the deal and could be some risk to that EPS accretion target. So is that not the case?
Bento Green Oak
No, that's not the case. The accretion target we announced would actually translate to a number a little bit lower than the June number.
Steve
Okay, got it. Thank you.
spk12
The next question comes from Doug Young with Deserden Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Doug Young
Hi, good morning. Dan on the US group insurance business underlying earnings were down year over year. And I know those puts and takes in here, but hopefully, I'm just hoping you can flush out some of those puts and takes. When we look at that, and I know the the LTM margin was 4.7%. And I know you're targeting 7%. Plus, I know, potential envision business has been stripped dead. So it's not really comparable. I'm just wondering, is there a new target for a margin for that U.S. group insurance business you can share with us.
Bento Green Oak
Okay, so a few questions there. The first one on the group earnings or the group benefits earnings compared to the same quarter of last year, your observation is obviously correct. And the biggest driver there is that in the second quarter of last year, we had really outsized stop-loss results. And we continue to have very strong stop-loss results this quarter, just not as outsized as they were in that quarter last year. We also, compared to the prior quarter last year, we had had a very strong quarter in long-term disability, and it was certainly less strong in this quarter. So those are the primary drivers there. In terms of the margin, remember that we report a rolling 12 months or a rolling four quarters metric. So partly what you're seeing here is looking back several quarters, the current quarter was actually quite strong, although again, compared to a very strong quarter last year. So we actually swapped out a very strong quarter for a not quite as very strong quarter this year. But that's a four-quarter metric that will obviously improve over time. In terms of the margin target, dental was obviously a very, very small part of that in the past. It would be a very big part of that now if we included DentalQuest. And margin, we've concluded, is not really the best way to think about the dental business, especially in comparison or in combination with the other group businesses. Dental businesses competitively have relatively low margins, and that's because they have very high ROEs because they require much less capital than other group businesses. So we're going to report dental separately and likely use other metrics for that. But for the remaining group business, our margin target remains the same as it has been, which is 7% or more.
Doug Young
And just to follow up, when you think about getting from 4.7 back up to 7, is it more on the group benefit life and health business, or is it on the stop-loss? Like, where do you see – is stop-loss still above that 7% coming down and the group life and health moving up, or has there been a change in that shift?
Bento Green Oak
No, stop-loss is still above, and group is still below. While – While COVID incidents certainly has improved dramatically, there still are COVID impacts in the business. You see some of that, a little of that in long-term disability. Certainly there's, you know, especially over the past four quarters, there's still quite a bit in mortality there. But we would see, you know, stop loss may even drift down a little bit as some of the favorability from delays in care gradually moderate. But on the other hand, we would expect group life and group disability to go back up as the COVID impacts fade away.
Doug Young
Okay, just second, Kevin, on the sale of the UK, you know, if the question was why retain the annuity business, I think you covered a little bit about that. But you know, is this also a play on you want to keep longevity to offset the build out of the life insurance business? And And when you think about deploying capital, can you remind us, you know, what are you focused on and from an acquisition perspective, what are you focused on?
Operator
Yeah, thanks, Doug. So it is a bit about we like the risk profile of the business, but we've optimized that business for our book. And under IFRS 17, you actually see a slight growing pattern over the next 10 years to that earnings. And the earnings almost come back 100% or maybe even more than 100% in cash flow. And it's got a very good ROE. So we like the risk profile. We like the structure of it. And it helps all of our three medium-term objectives. Of course, when we're thinking more broadly about M&A, that's what we're looking at. We're looking at adding, does the acquisition or disposition add to our strategy? Does it fit in with our strategy on an acquisition? Is it adding either capabilities or is it adding scale? Is it helping our three medium-term objectives? So is it accretive? Is it helping our earnings growth? Is it supporting the ROE objective that we've put out? And are we getting cash flow out of it? And then importantly... can we execute on the transaction? So we've deployed capital against all of those over the past little while. You've heard Dan now talk about DentaQuest, but you've seen the benefits of adding the SLC businesses and the bank assurance in Asia. So it's really about those things. Are we adding to our strategy? Are we meeting our medium-term objectives? And can we execute on the integration?
Steve
Thank you.
spk12
The next question comes from Gabriel DeShane, National Bank Financial. Please go ahead.
Gabriel DeShane
Good morning. Just a follow-up on that, UK. What's the underlying of the earnings of the retained business?
Operator
It would be approximately the 30 that I talked about, Gabe, during my opening remarks.
Gabriel DeShane
30 million, but it's also... potential trends on the mortality side, or looked at the other way, continue, you could still have much more material reserve releases in the future. Is that not correct?
Operator
I'll maybe ask Kevin to speak to the reserve releases, but it's, and the 30 is under an IFRS 17 basis.
Kevin
Okay.
Kevin
Hi, Gabe. It's Kevin Morrissey. Yes, our experience has been quite good. over the long term on this block of business. It's one of the reasons why we retained it. We have very sophisticated methods of managing the investment risk, so there's very little kind of net residual risk there. And we like kind of the profile, as Kevin mentioned, of the business and the cash flows coming out of that. So, yep, there is certainly some potential upside on that business as well.
Gabriel DeShane
While I got you, Kevin, one of your big U.S. life insurers booked a big reserve charge for lapse risk in the no-lapse guarantee business line that they're selling anymore. You've got it on your runoff block. Are you confident in those reserve levels? I believe you would have been more proactive over the years on identifying and reserving for those lapse trends.
Kevin
Yes, that's right, Gabriel. As you know, we've been very keen to focus on that experience and make updates in the assumption reviews annually to make sure that we got that right up to the most recent experience. So last year we did strengthen. We've been monitoring that since then. Happy to report that since that change last year, the experience has been fully in line with that last update. Certainly looking good over the last several quarters, and we don't anticipate any further changes to the lapse assumption on that block.
Gabriel DeShane
Okay, and last quick one on SLC, the $20 billion that's not yet been deployed and the revenue potential attached to that. What's the, forgive me if this has been asked already, but the timeline you expect to deploy the capital, or yeah, the investment capital?
spk07
Gabriel, it's Steve Peter. Thanks for the question. Yeah, that 20 billion, 21 billion reflects the nature of the alternative investment business. So, you know, across our real estate, alternative credit and infrastructure businesses, we raise closed in funds and the capital gets committed by institutions. And we draw on it as it gets deployed. In some cases, we earn fees just on the commitments. But in many cases, in most cases, we don't earn fees until it's deployed. In general, those commitments, you'd have a three-year investment window in the product. So some of those commitments would be toward the end of the investment period. Some would be money we just raised. So I would expect, on average, that money to get raised over the next year, year and a half. Now, I would say that at the same time, because in some cases these funds are the sixth in a series or the seventh in a series, you also have funds that are at the end of their life and that are in disposition mode. And so you're always raising new funds. You're investing. Some are rolling off. But I would say to your question that $20 billion should get invested on average over the next year, year and a half.
Gabriel DeShane
Okay. Thank you, and enjoy the rest of your summer.
spk12
The next question comes from Mario Mandelka with TD Securities. Please go ahead.
Kevin
Good morning, everyone. Can I just ask a little about experience, policyholder experience, like the more underlying experience? There's a pretty big shift from Q1 to Q2. And what I'm trying to get a better appreciation for is the extent to which that move from, say, negative mortality of 90 and morbidity of 18 and also on other lines, How that moved from a charge in Q1 to meaningful gain in Q2. And the way I want to approach this is, if you can help me think through what portion of that is just truly meaningful. actually just different results? And how much of it really just reflects different underlying expectations in Q2 relative to Q1? I think you appreciate where I'm going with this. How much of it's actual and how much of it is really a change that the expectations were different for Q2?
Operator
I might actually step in, Mary. It's Kevin. I think Dan should talk about the U.S. mortality experience because that was a significant part of the change. And then we should have Jacques talk about the disability experience in Canada because that was also a big piece. And, Dan, you might want to touch on disability as well. And then if we still have some open items to wrap up, Mary, I think either Manjit or Kevin or I can come back at the end.
Bento Green Oak
All right. Sure. This is Dan. There was a very big change, as you can see, in mortality, particularly in the group life business during the first quarter. Just a quick comment on the enforced management business, the legacy individual life business. We had a couple of large claims there, so that actually went a little bit the other way, at least compared to the prior quarter and the prior year. as well as sequentially. But that's just the nature of the volatility in that business. But the really big change was a great lessening in the COVID mortality from Q1 to Q2. Our COVID mortality experience actually declined by 90% from the first quarter to the second quarter. So that's the biggest driver from the U.S. that you're seeing there. It was not a change in expectations. That blends in very slowly. Between first quarter and second quarter, there would be very little change there. It was actually a very big change in the mortality experience. Jacques?
Dan
Thanks, Ben. Mario, this is Jacques. The material change in Canada is in morbidity. That is driven mostly by group visibility experience in some life health. I've talked about this before, but there are a few key components there. One is the incidence or the volume of cases we get, and the other one is how long or short the durations are before people go back to work. We have positive experience in both incidence and duration. Keep in mind also, Mario, that starting in 2019, we started putting price increases through the block, and that's also impacting. At this stage, it's hard to say because we have one data point of Q2 being a good experience quarter. I would be cautious to declare this a new trend. There's a lot of things that influence incidents, for example. So strong area of focus, as we've had in a number of quarters now, as you know, and we're continuing that. We're watching it closely. But that's the main driver in Canada.
Operator
It's Kevin again. I would say that both of these items have been headwinds for us in the comparative quarters that you're talking about, Mario. And so you can see that this in a way is us taking management actions in the case of Jacques and then a big change in the COVID death rates. in the case of the U.S. business that you're seeing. And we talked about COVID mortality in particular a lot in Q4 and Q1, and those were disproportionate negative impacts, and we're sort of getting to a place where the COVID deaths now are, I think, roughly in the 300 to 400 a day in the U.S., and they had been running at close to 3,000 a day. And I think Jacques answered the morbidity question.
Kevin
Yeah, I think I understand now that actual changes in management actions were the driver, not any big change in expectations. Perhaps a final sort of line of questioning in this respect, the expense side turned real positive this quarter, the 44. Was that a management action or a change that resulted in that gain? I would imagine that's less about expenses as well, or sorry, less about expectations as well.
Kevin
Yeah, hi, Merit. It's Manjit. Yeah, I think there's a couple of elements in there. The one element is around management actions. As you know, we've always had a very keen focus on expense discipline. We're keeping that focus. All of our businesses are focused on driving productivity inside of their businesses, and that's resulting in sort of slightly lower expenses than we thought. And the second element is obviously given the moves that we've seen in the markets, some of our share-based compensation expense plans, there's downward impacts of that. So it's a combination of those two things.
Kevin
Okay, and then maybe just one final thing. If we could go to the contract service margin. I think the company's guiding, just from doing this by memory, I think it was $4.5 billion. Is that right? Is it $4.5 or $5 billion in contract service margin?
Kevin
The $4.5 billion was the adjustment to our shareholders' equity on 1-1-22.
Kevin
I'm sorry, and did you say that most of that related to establishing the contract service margin? Would I be correct in saying the contract service margin should be you're guiding us to maybe 4.5, or am I reading too much into that?
Kevin
Yeah, I think there's two elements to the contract service margin. One is the adjustment to the equity, which I spoke about in our call on May 31st. We said about two-thirds of the shareholders' equity adjustment we gave you would be a part of the contract service margin. There's also another element which is related to the change in how we present the liabilities, and that information we haven't provided yet.
Kevin
Okay, so the contract service margin could, in fact, be less than $4.5 billion. Is that true?
Kevin
Well, we haven't sort of said that, but I would say it's going to be more than the $4.5 billion.
Kevin
Okay.
Steve
Got it. Thank you.
spk12
The next question comes with David Motmaiden with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.
David Motmaiden
Hey, thanks. Good morning. I had a question just on the UK business, on the bit that was retained. Could you just describe, I guess, why you are retaining that? Is that something you could consider, you know, exploring something similar with, you know, a transaction on in the past? Or is there something about it that made it, you know, that Phoenix didn't want to keep? Maybe just some color on why you didn't sell the... business as opposed to retaining the annuity business would be helpful.
Operator
David, this business has been optimized to our business and our sort of capital structure. As Kevin said, we like the risk profile. It fits well in. And as I said earlier, we We like the earnings and cash flow and ROE that are coming off of it. So it was one overall that as we were doing the transaction, we decided we'd rather keep than sell. It didn't impact us getting an effective asset management agreement, and we also got, we believe, a very good price from Phoenix on the parts we sold. So we were actually quite... pleased to be able to keep this. And that was us driving it more than Phoenix.
Kevin
And the other thing I would add, you know, if we look at the returns on this business, given Kevin's comments about how we structured it, it's 20% plus. So we're very happy with the returns we're getting on that business.
David Motmaiden
Okay, great. And then maybe just taking a step back and, you know, I think in the past, you know, it didn't sound like you guys were in a rush or, you know, had really focused on trying to to do something more strategic in the US on that enforced management business. Has that changed? Does this transaction that you did with Phoenix on the UK, was that more of a one-off to get the asset management agreement? Or is this something, a broader initiative that you guys are starting to think about in terms of just getting maybe potentially offloading or doing something more strategic with the in-force management business.
Operator
David, it's Kevin again. If you looked at the life and pension business that we sold, again, that block closed in 2001, and we were expecting income to start to decline and cash flow to decline. And at some point, you start to lack scale. In the IFM business in the U.S., we like the earnings profile, we like the ROE coming out, and we like the cash flow coming out of that business. It also supports our asset management business, right? So it gives us... asset management to provide to SLC. And so we think that's a positive. So at this point in time, I would say that the IFM business is a bit like the payout business in the U.S. We like the profile of it. We like the earnings and the cash flow coming out and the ROE. And so that's how we're thinking about that. If you watch, there's a number of asset management companies that are buying these closed blocks for the cash flow. And so that's strategic for us to provide that cash flow back to SLC as well.
David Motmaiden
Got it. Okay. That makes sense. Thank you.
spk12
The next question comes from Paul Holden with CIBC. Please go ahead.
Paul Holden
Okay. Good morning. I want to go back to the U.S., group business because there's just been a lot of moving pieces over the last year, year and a half. And you mentioned targeting sort of a 10% organic growth rate in that business. Is there anything today that would suggest to us that the growth rate could be higher than 10% just given the extent to which you're growing stop loss, the price increases you've been pushing through? Or maybe there's factors that would suggest don't get too excited. Maybe it's going to be a little bit less than 10% in the near term. Maybe you can talk through some of those dynamics for us.
Bento Green Oak
Sure. Well, I'm always excited about the future and an optimist. So you may have noticed that even without the addition of DentaQuest and PinnacleCare, the premium and fee revenue of the U.S. rose by 10%. in the past year. So we're clearly generating significant organic growth, and that should translate into earnings growth as well. Now, DentaQuest has been a growth engine, you know, over its history. It's had, you know, times of very rapid growth. A little bit of a caution there, it's something new for us all. Their business is very lumpy. Contracts are very large, smaller in number, but very, very large. So there will be times with DentaQuest where they show you know, dramatic growth from just adding two or three big contracts, and then there may be pauses in between some of those contracts. But we think there's a lot of potential in the DentalQuest business on multiple fronts to continue to win new government contracts in Medicaid, to expand significantly in Medicare Advantage, which is really a relatively new area for them, and to put their capabilities and our legacy capabilities together to make a first-class commercial dental business as well. So that business can grow at a very good pace. Stop-loss also, as you've seen for several years, has been growing at a very good pace. We're the industry leader there. And as we come out of COVID, we have lots of optimism for what we can do in the group business. As you've probably noticed, after several years of that business being relatively flat, the past year and a half, it has really started to grow organically. So we're confident in the 10% number, and certainly I always think there's upside.
Paul Holden
Okay, that's a great answer. Thank you. And I think things are being pretty quiet for Mike Roberge, so I'll ask a question on MFS. So we saw positive institutional flows this quarter. I wonder if that's just the rebalancing impact. You've talked about that in the past. Usually it's worked the opposite way with higher equity markets. So wondering if it's just institutional clients taking or really, I guess, rebalancing portfolios, adding more equity, or if there was something more to it.
Mike Roberge
Hey, good morning. This is Mike. I think the institutional flows do tend to be somewhat lumpy, and there were just a number of wins that funded in the quarter. Some of that would have been rebalancing, but I think it was just activity at a client level where we lined up well with those particular opportunities and they happen to fund that particular quarter. So, um, that's really what drove, that's sort of the color behind the institutional flows. Okay.
Paul Holden
And then just quick follow up. I mean, is there any sense you can give us given the current pipeline today and where things might land in the four and in the future?
Mike Roberge
Yeah. I mean, we don't comment on what pipeline looks like and what we think the future looks like. Um, All I would say is we expect institutional flows quarter to quarter to be relatively lumpy based on what clients are doing and the size of the mandates that they're putting out. So I'm not comfortable giving a forecast. Okay. I had to try. I had to try. Okay. Thank you. Thanks. Appreciate it.
spk12
Next question comes from Nigel DeSouza. with Veritas Investment Research. Please go ahead.
Nigel DeSouza
Thank you. Good morning. I wanted to follow up on experience and, you know, specifically on the expense side. As mentioned earlier, the delta of your own expenses is pretty significant, and I'm wondering if you could flesh out the impact there on variable versus fixed costs. You mentioned share-based comp. Is that describing the majority fit? On the fixed side, Could you touch on the outlook in an inflationary environment? Do you expect to keep costs below your assumptions, or should we expect over the medium term an unfavorable revision to your expense outlook or less favorable expense experience as inflation weighs on your results?
Kevin
Good morning, Nigel. It's Manjit. So in terms of the composition of the expense experience in the quarter, I would say about two-thirds of that was related to variable compensation that I spoke about earlier. I mean, in terms of inflation, obviously, you know, we're feeling some of the general impacts that you're seeing in the overall market, but not at the sort of the headline levels that you sort of see in the media at 9 or 10%. It's more in pockets, you know, certain areas like technology and data specialists. We're seeing more pressure on that side. But as I spoke about earlier, we also are having opportunities to drive expenses lower by productivity initiatives. We've done that for many years. and we're continuing to focus on that. So overall, we feel we can manage our expenses, continue to manage our expenses ahead of our revenue growth.
Nigel DeSouza
Okay, that's helpful. And if I could finish off with the impact of investment activity components of your experience this quarter, I mean, that continues to be favorable, just trying to get a sense of how does that correlate with interest rate volatility or spread volatility. So we expect that variable experience to continue until spreads and interest rates stabilize or continue What's the right way to think about that line item?
Kevin
Kevin, do you want to take that? Kevin Morrissey?
Kevin
Sure, Nigel. It's Kevin Morrissey. The investing activity, as you know, is very strong. Again, this quarter we had gains of about $36 million. There's a number of different factors that impact that in addition to the flows and the market environment. I'd say that we positioned our portfolio to have a certain amount of reserve to take advantage of favorable market conditions. And you're seeing some of that coming through in the quarter. It also has to do with kind of the deals that we're doing and the flows of those vis-a-vis the size of our new business in each quarter, depending on how much we're backing against new business and how much we're backing against in-force. So I'd say that our outlook continues to be favorable relative to our 10 to 20 million per quarter guidance.
Steve
Okay. Appreciate that, caller. Thank you.
spk12
We have no further questions at this time, and I will turn things over to Mr. Beden for closing remarks.
Dan
I would like to thank all of our participants today. Should you wish to listen to the rebroadcast, it will be available on our website later this afternoon. I will now turn the call over to Kevin Strain for closing remarks.
Operator
Thanks, Yaniv. We remain focused on our purpose and our strategy. Our diversified mix of business, strong risk management, balance sheet strength, and capital position are helping us managing through what's clearly challenging times. You can see steps across each pillar and across all elements of our strategy that continue to move the business forward. The close of DentaQuest, our strategic partnership with Phoenix, renewing our distributional relationships with RCBC, and gaining traction on sustainability and digital leadership were all steps we took in the quarter to continue delivering for our clients, our employees, and our shareholders. I want to thank everybody for joining the call and wish you all a great rest of the summer.
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