Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

Hello, and welcome to the Q3 2024 Tether Farm Pharmaceuticals Industry Limited Earnings Conference Call. My name is Alex. I'll be coordinating the call today. If you'd like to ask a question once the presentation has finished, please press star 1 on the telephone keypad. On our hand at OTR host, Ran Mir, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Alex, and thank you, everyone, for joining us today. We hope you have had a chance to review our Q3 results press release. which was issued earlier this morning. Copy of the press release along with the slide presented during this call are available on our website at ir.tevafarm.com. Please review our forward-looking statement on slide number two. Additional information regarding these statements and our non-GAAP financial measures is available on our earning release and on our SEC forms 10-K and 10-Q. To begin today's call, Richard Francis, Teva's CEO, will provide an overview of Teva's third quarter business performance, recent events, and our focus and priorities going forward. Then, Dr. Eric Hughes, our head of R&D and chief medical officer, will discuss progress on our innovative pipeline. Our CFO, Eli Khalif, will follow up by reviewing the third quarter financial results and our updated financial outlook in more detail. Please note that today's call will run approximately one hour. And with that, I will now turn the call over to Richard. Richard, if you would, please.

Thank you, Ran, and good morning, good afternoon, everybody. Thank you for joining Teva's third quarter 2024 results. So I'm going to walk you through a presentation today, which the backbone of it is in our pivot to growth strategy. And as you know, we launched this last year to get Teva back to growth, and it's focused on four pillars. Deliver on our growth engines, step up innovation, create a sustainable generics powerhouse, and focus the business. And through the presentation, myself, Eric, and Ellie will show the progress we're making across this strategy. But just to give you some sort of areas to focus on, as you'll see and to live on our growth engines, we are driving strong performance with our innovative portfolio of Esteto, Ajovi, and Uceti. In Step Up Innovation, Eric will show you the great work his team have done in building a deep pipeline that's coming to fruition, and we've got some exciting milestones and data points coming up in the near term. And then on our sustainable generics powerhouse, you'll see the performance we have across all of our regions. And I'll give you a bit of context as to what's driving that and what's behind that. And then finally, focus the business. We're very pleased to see that some of the credit ratings have looked at Teva and see the future is brighter. And also we'll give you an update on TAPI and the divestment process there. But now moving on to the next slide, as you see, the consistency with which we are driving growth at Teva is impressive. From quarter one 2023 to now, the 15% growth we see in quarter three 2024 shows the consistency. And this all comes from the execution of our strategy and the diligent focus we have on operations. Now, let me go into a bit more detail as to what's behind this number, 15%. Well, revenues of 4.3 billion, as I've said, up 15%. Adjusted EBITDA of 1.3 billion, up 17%. And our EPS is up 16%. Also, we have strong free cash at 922 million. And it's good to see that our EBITDA is now touching three, shows our focus on our debt repayment. Now, because of these strong financial results, we're going to be able to give an increased outlook for the full year. And I'll leave that pleasure to Elie Kalief, my CFO, to talk about a bit later in the presentation. But now to go into a bit more detail as to what's behind this 15% growth. As you can see from this slide, what I'm pleased about in this slide is the fact that our innovative business, our generics business, and our TAPI API business are all driving growth. As you see, Estedo continues to perform impressively with 28% growth. Ajovi at 21% is our global driver. And then Yosedi. A strong launch and momentum there, and I'll go into a bit more detail later about what's behind that. Then we have a 17% growth in our global generics business, and you'll see that that comes from all of the regions. And in TAPI, it's third quarter of return to growth. We returned to growth in Q1, we cemented that in Q2, and now we're solidifying that in Q3. But let me double click on each one of these to give you a bit more detail. So starting with Estedo. 435 million for Q3, impressive growth of 28% and strong TRX growth of 36%. So the team are doing an exceptional job here and I'd like to reaffirm the guidance of 1.6 billion for Esteto for the full year. Now moving on to Jovi, the oldest member of our innovative family, but it still continues to impress at 21% growth versus Q3 2023. What I like about this This is a highly competitive market, but it shows what Teva can do across all of its regions, all of its geographies, with this level of competition. And as you can see, regardless of which area you look at, market share is impressive, whether it's in Europe, whether it's in international markets, or whether it's in the U.S., showing the full muscle that we have in our commercial teams. Now, moving on to Yosedi, which is the newest member of our family, our innovative family, Good momentum with our launch. U.S. revenues of $35 million in Q3-24, and that gives us a year-to-date number of $75 million. Because of this strong performance, we're increasing guidance for the full year up from $80 million to $100 million. And what's behind this really is, apart from excellent execution by the team here in the U.S., it's also driven by a great product profile that meets both physicians' and patients' needs. And Eric has talked about that on many occasions, but just to reiterate, this is a product which is a subcutaneous pre-filterins that doesn't have to be refrigerated. And very importantly for a physician, it allows the patient to get to therapeutic dose within eight to 24 hours, which is a very important criteria when treating these patients. So great work with your SETI, and I look forward to seeing continued momentum there. Now, staying with innovation, I'd like to move on to our pipelines. but only briefly because I want to leave that to Eric to go into a bit more detail. But I think what I'd like to show is just the progress we're making and the depth we're creating in our innovative pipeline. But obviously there are some exciting catalysts coming up. I'd like to highlight the fact that we have achieved the phase three target injections without any PDSS in our Lanzapine study. So very excited about that. And obviously when it comes to our TL1A, there is a, news to be announced towards the end of this year, but Eric will give you more detail on that. Now moving on to biosimilars, another area we're excited about to drive our pivot to growth in the short, medium, and long term. We're pleased the fact that our Prolia biosimilar has been accepted for review by the US FDA and the EU EMEA. And because of this, we anticipate a decision by both agencies in the second half of next year. Just to remind you, This product is a $3 billion brand. And so once again, we see good opportunity to drive growth for Teva in the short, medium, and long term. Now, moving on to the biosimilar portfolio as a whole, as you can see, we are building a big portfolio. It's up to 17 biosimilars now. And as you see, this target is nearly $60 billion of brand value. What I'm pleased about here is we have a number of launches coming up in the short term, but we are building a long-term portfolio to drive our growth, both medium and long-term. And as you can see on this slide and an announcement we made in Q3, we have started a collaboration with MAPScience where we partnered on two oncology biosimilar assets. So once again, building out the depth of our stable of biosimilars here. Now moving from biosimilars to generics. Impressive growth of generic, 17% globally, and really pleased to see this growth continue across all regions. As you can see here, the US is up 30%, EU is up 8%, and our international market is up 13%, all in local currency. And what's behind this is the work we've been doing for the last 20 months, focusing on product launches, focusing on supply chain and commercial execution. And I think it shows we're getting traction across all regions of Teva, with driving our generics business forward. Now, the final part of that growth that I talked about in the earlier slide was TAPI, and this is the third quarter of growth for TAPI at 4%, so congratulations to the team. And this shows that their strategy is working. The continued focus on our CDMO expansion is gaining traction, and the 4% growth is a result of that. I would like to highlight that we are on track for our divestment in H1 of 2025. Now, with that, I would like to hand over to Eric Hughes, who will walk you through some of that exciting pipeline I was talking about. Over to you, Eric.

Thank you, Richard. Let me start off with our anti-TL1A program. I'm very proud of our DUVA Keto team for accelerating this program, and we're very excited to the top line results that's on track for the fourth quarter of this year. Just as a reminder, it's a study that includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It has 240 patients. 120 for each indication. And we have two doses against placebo. This is the induction phase of the study. And the primary endpoint is at week 14. And just to remind everyone, the primary endpoint for ulcerative colitis will be clinical remission using the modified Mayo score. And for Crohn's disease, it will be the endoscopic readout. So we're very excited about that. The team has done a great job. Moving on to the olanzapine LEI program, which is right on track. We've now presented our period one of the study. That's the eight-week endpoint. And you can see here that our PAM score was right on target with all three doses. That was presented last month externally. And we're very excited about this program because this is a program with a formulation that's specifically designed to prevent PDSS. We have not seen that to date. And as Richard mentioned, we've exceeded the target that we have designed into the program as expected. We'll be bringing our last patient in at the end of this year, and we will be presenting that data in the first half of 2025. So very excited to get the full data set presented externally. Moving on to the anti-IL-15 program, we have now presented our phase one data last month. We already enrolled our POC study in celiac disease This is a high affinity anti-IL-15 antibody that really actually has great, robust, rapid, and prolonged effects on free IL-15. You can see in this graph that, in fact, we have suppression at the higher dose here, almost out to 80 days. So we're very happy to see these initial phase one results. We're glad to be in celiac disease already. But I'd also like to announce today that we've now initiated our second indication for our anti-IL-15 program, expanding the potential of this multi-indication product. You know, vitiligo, if you don't know, is an autoimmune disease that impacts, you know, patients' quality of life by really depleting the melanocytes in the skin, causing a discoloration. And this can be highly impactful, and it's a psychological burden on patients with a you know, impressing a lot of depression and anxiety in their daily life. For many of the patients, over one-third of these patients had more than 10% of their body affected. And we believe that IL-15 is a key cytokine in blocking these cytotoxic T cells from depleting the melanocytes in the skin. And why is this important? Well, there are treatments with topical treatments, but since this is such an extensive disease for some patients, and effective and easily given systemic treatment is really needed. So we're very excited about starting that study and enrolling our first patient. And finally, moving on to emerosolmin. We're very pleased to announce that we've enrolled our first subject here, where we're running a robust phase two study with 200 participants against placebo for a full 48 weeks. And just to remind you, emerosolmin is a small molecule that penetrates the brain and reaches the site of where the alpha-synuclein is being produced in the brain cells. And these alpha-synuclein aggregates are the genesis of the problem, this terribly degenerative and relentless disease that most people are in a wheelchair by five years after diagnosis, and frequently many don't survive past 10 to 12 years. So a high unmet medical need. We're making sure this is a very robust study, and we've enrolled our patient just last month. And finally, I just want to go over the slide that Richard had briefly mentioned. You know, I hope you can see from this slide that we have a robust, innovative pipeline and multiple indications with multiple novel molecules. Our Lanzapine LEI is on track. We'll have our full study safety readout in the first half of 2025. Our Duva-Keetuk program is right on track with our top line results coming out in the Q4 of this year in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. We've expanded anti-IL-15 from celiac disease into vitiligo. We're working on initiating that study, which I mentioned we have already started. Our anti-PD1 IL-2 has enrolled its first or screened its first patient, and we're looking to fully enroll that study in the second half of 2026. Our ICS-SABA, our dual-action rescue inhaler for asthma, is rapidly enrolling in phase three, and we're working to accelerate that as fast as possible. And finally, as I mentioned, Emra Solman has enrolled its first patient in multiple system atrophy, a great unmet medical need that we're proud to be in.

And with that, I'll pass it off to Eli Khalif. Thank you, Eric, and good morning and good afternoon to everyone. I'll begin my review of our Q3 2024 financial results with slide 24, starting with our GAAP performance. Revenues in the third quarter of 2024 were 4.3 billion, an increase of 13% in U.S. dollars or 15% in local currency terms, compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase in revenue was mainly driven by growth from Generics products across all our segments globally, including continued strong contribution from Generics RevenMid and from the recent launch of Generics Victoza in the U.S., and a strong growth from our key innovative products, including Gosteto, Ijovi, and Uzedi, as well as from the sale of certain product rights in our Europe and international market segments. Foreign exchange rates movements during the third quarter of 2024 and the year to date, including hedging effect, have negatively impacted our revenues and profitability compared to the same period last year, with a negative year-to-date impact of approximately $250 million on our revenue and $190 million on our gross profits, mainly as a result of stronger U.S. dollars against the currencies of certain international markets in which we operate. In Q3 2024, we recorded a gap operating loss of 51 million compared to a gap operating income of 244 million in the same quarter last year. This reduction was mainly due to a goodwill impairment charges related to our API reporting unit and a higher legal settlement and the loss contingencies recorded in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by higher gross profit. Gap net loss in Q3 2024 was 437 million, and a gap loss per share was $0.39, compared to a net income of $69 million and an earning per share of $0.06 in Q3 of last year. The higher gap net loss in the third quarter of 2024 was mainly due to the operating loss that I just discussed. Turning to slide 25, you can see that the total NAND gap adjustment in the third quarter of 2024 were $1.2 billion. a 600 million goodwill impairment charge related to our API reporting unit in line with our intention to divest this business. In addition, we recorded a legal settlement and a loss contingencies of 450 million, including a provision of 250 million in connection with a decision by the European Commission in its antitrust investigation into Copaxone, which we intend to appeal. Now, moving to slide 26. for a review of our non-GAAP performance. As I mentioned earlier, our third quarter revenues were 4.3 billion, an increase of 13% in US dollars or 15% in local currency terms compared to Q3 of last year. Our non-GAAP gross profit margin was 53.7% compared to 53.5% in Q3 of last year and 52.9% in the second quarter of 2024. This improvement in our non-GAAP gross profit margin was mainly driven by expected improvement in our portfolio mix, primarily osteto, partially offset by an adverse impact from foreign exchange improvements, including hedging effects that I just mentioned. We expect our gross margin to further improve in the fourth quarter, with a further ramp in queue for revenue and continuation of our cost optimization efforts. Non-GAAP operating margin was 28% in Q3 2024 compared to 26.5% in Q3 2023. The increase in a non-GAAP operating margin in the third quarter of 2024 was mainly due to a lower operating expenses as a percentage of revenue consistent with our expectation of the second half of the year and reflecting a higher revenue. The lower spend on R&D in the third quarter was largely due to the benefit of reimbursement from our strategic partnership to support our key late stage innovative programs. We continue to invest both in our existing innovative portfolio as well in our pipeline. As Eric highlighted earlier, we're looking forward to sharing phase two top line results this quarter for our anti-TL1A program in partnership with Sanofi, as well as Olanzapine LAI full phase three external readout in the first half of 2025. Turning to EPS, we ended the quarter with a non-GAAP earning per share of 69 cents compared to 60 cents in Q3 2023, mainly driven by higher non-GAAP operating income I just discussed. Now, moving to slide 27, which I highlight steady improvements in our margins and cash flow as we continue to invest in our business to drive short and long-term growth. As you can see, our gross margin and gross profit has gradually improved throughout this year, driven by our portfolio mix and a disciplined cost management. As part of our pivot to growth strategy, we are also constantly reviewing our generics product portfolio to rationalize where it makes sense with a focus of a long-term profitability and sustainability. And at the same time, we continue to make focus on investment to support our growing innovative portfolio through our marketing and other initiatives, as well as the progress on our key pipeline assets, leading to higher operating expenses. We expect this dynamic to continue in the fourth quarter with a further improvement in our margins consistent with our four-year guidance. We also remain focused on optimizing our working capital management. Over the past few years, we have strategically put the programs in place to ensure that our operational processes, commercial terms, and financial solution supporting growth sales with a reduced net working capital investment. As a result, we have achieved significant improvement in our net working capital as a percentage of revenue. Our free cash flow in the third quarter of 2024 and a year to date reflects this progress we have made throughout this year. The year-to-date increase of 42% in our free cash flow compared to last year is driven by higher net profit, driven by revenue mix, as well as our ongoing efforts to improve our working capital management, partially offset by higher legal payments. As a reminder, during the third quarter of 2024, we made a second payment of the nationwide settlements in connection with the opioid litigation. Our free cash flow year to date includes 390 million of opioid legal settlement payment, which was increased of 210 million compared to the first nine months of 2023. Excluding these payments, our cash conversion year to date was 82%. Reflecting on these results, we are reaffirming our 2024 full year free cash flow guidance range of 1.7 billion to 2 billion, which we initially provided in January. Turning to slide 28, as you can see, we continue to reduce our net debt, which was 15.7 billion at the end of Q3 2024. Our gross debt was 19 billion compared to 19.8 billion at the end of 2023. This decrease in our gross debt was mainly due to a repayment of 956 million of 6% senior notes at maturity in April 2024, partially offset by 88 million from exchange rate fluctuations. Our net debt to EBITDA further improved during the third quarter, coming at three times, reflecting the ongoing progress with our free cash flow generation, as well as higher EBITDA. After the quarter closed on September 30th, in mid of October, we also repaid the maturity of another 685 million of our senior notes. Currently, there are no additional maturities outstanding for 2024. As of September 30th and as of today, there is no amount outstanding under our 1.8 billion revolving credit facility. Moving to the next slide. I want to share how the execution of our pivot to growth strategy along with our disciplined capital allocation policy over the last several quarters has started to be recognized by the leading credit trading agencies. In June, S&P upgraded its outlook to Teva credit from stable to positive. reflecting improved growth prospects and continued deleveraging of our balance sheet, while maintaining our BB- rating. In the last two months, both Fitch and Moody's have also upgraded Teva Credit Outlook, with Fitch upgrading our rating to BB. The upgrade by Fitch marked the first time in over a decade that Teva's credit rating has been upgraded. This upgrade reflects our focused and consistent execution of the strategy on multiple fronts, including return to and delivering sustainable growth, significant ongoing progress in reduction of our debt, improving operational efficiency, and putting uncertainties related to legacy litigation behind us. We are pleased with these upgrades and remain committed to achieving an investor grade rating. Now, let's turn our attention to our 2024 Nangap outlook on slide 30. As Richard highlighted earlier, our year-to-date results reflect solid progress across our business. Our key innovative products continue to see strong growth driven by significant unmet needs in the markets we serve and supported by our focused investment to drive awareness and improve patient experience. With the year-to-date revenue progress with Uzedi, we are now expecting Uzedi revenue for the full year to be at 100 million. compared to our prior expectation of $80 million, reflecting soaring demand and growing adoption. We also expect Copaxone revenue to be higher than our previous guidance, reflecting lower-than-expected erosion from competing therapies. In addition to the strong momentum in our innovative portfolio, our core generic business continues to perform well across all our key markets. Therefore, to reflect our results in the first nine months and expected performance in the fourth quarter, we are raising our 2024 full-year revenue guidance to $16.1 billion to $16.5 billion. This reflects an increase of $100 million from the previous guidance range we provided last quarter. We are also raising the lower end of 2024 non-GAAP outlook for operating income and EBITDA by 100 million and our earning per share guidance range by 10 cents to be between $2.40 and $2.50. We continue to expect our NANGAP gross margin to be between 53 to 54% for the full year with a further improvement in our fourth quarter and operating expenses to be in the 27 to 27.5 range for the full year as provided at the beginning of the year. And as I mentioned earlier, free cash flow are expected to be between 1.7 to 2 billion for the full year. With this, I conclude my review of Teva's results for the third quarter of 2024. And now I will hand it back to Richard for a summary.

Thank you, Ali. And thank you, Eric. So moving on to our financial targets for 2027, we're on track to meet these. I think you can see both from the robustness of our business across all segments, you can see the confidence we have in meeting these targets. But single digit growth, operating income margin of 30%, net debt adjusted EBITDA of two times, and cash to earnings of 80%. Now moving on to my final slide is to reiterate that we are executing with precision our pivot to growth strategy. This is a strategy I think we've shown really good traction over the last 20 months. but also I'd like to highlight that we see the potential going forward. Some of the things we've highlighted in our pipeline around Olanzapine, ICS Saba, the Biosilma portfolio, the generics businesses now move from stabilization to growth. We have many opportunities in this pivot to growth strategy to keep growing the company over the short, medium, and long term. So with that, I'd like to conclude the presentation and open up the floor to questions. Thank you.

As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. Our first question for today comes from Omar Rafat of Evercore ISI. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Hi, guys. Thanks so much for taking my question and congrats on all the execution. I have three, if I may. First, I'm curious what your expectation is on placebo response in the TL1A Phase 2 trial coming up. Second, on Yuzeti, the launch performance is clearly now tracking ahead, and I wonder what does that mean for you in terms of how you're thinking about the peak sales for long-acting olanzapine? And then finally, on long-acting olanzapine, I noticed you have a new trial of three extended release formulations with different release rates. Why do that at this point?

Hi, Amber. Thanks for the questions. I will... Hand over the first one to Eric, and then I'll take the one and then hand you back the one.

Thanks, Richard, and thanks for the question. So placebo responses in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are variable. You can see in the studies that have been recently completed, there are differences. Sometimes those differences are related to how they calculate certain aspects of the modified Mayo score. But it's hard to predict, and I'll just leave it at that with regards to the study.

Actually, why don't you take the Olanzapine one as well?

Oh, yes. And the Olanzapine LAI studies have just come online. So that's part of our European submission package that we're running for a PK analysis of the Olanzapine LAI.

Thanks, Eric. And then on your study, yes, we're obviously very pleased with the work the team have done and shown the capability of driving growth in that market. I think what I'd say with regard to olanzapine, yeah, we believe we have a real asset in olanzapine, a real unmet need, because there hasn't been a long-acting olanzapine in the market. I think we've shown in a congested market with your study, if we have a differentiated product and a quality team behind it, what we can do. That gives us a lot of optimism for olanzapine because of the unmet medical need. And the fact that we will be coming to this market maybe not a standing start. If I remind everybody with your study that came along and we really didn't do the level of pre-launch that we would like to do normally. And so I think the team have done a good job in picking up the ball and getting running quickly. That won't be the case with the lands being, we know the positions, we know the payers, we know the hospitals, uh, we know the former committees we have to, we've got good relationships with them because we have a good asset in your study. And so for us, the ability to prepare ourselves and to make sure the market's prepared for Lanzapine, I think we put ourselves in a very good position. What that looks like as a potential, I think as we start to really get into the detail of the data and understanding the landscape with regard to key opinion leaders and payers and patients, we will clarify that. But we're very optimistic and very enthusiastic about it. Thanks for the question, Zuma. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Balaji Prasad of Barclays. The line is now open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Congratulations on the results and great to see the all-round growth and pipeline progress. But firstly, I wanted to start off with a bigger thematic question, Richard. So making America have received significant push under the previous Trump presidency, especially as the supply chain situation post-COVID exposed the U.S. generic vulnerabilities, that might likely be a priority again, I think. In such an event, is there a structural tailwind, or how can TAVAL leverage such a possible push in the generics and biosimilars world, and what does it do for margins in the long run? That's one. Two, on the pipeline front, we recently hosted a CNS KOL call on Olanzapine LAI. We discussed in depth around the no monitoring requirement and said that's needed for it to be a big drug, a billion-dollar drug. So with the safety data available till now, can you comment on your expectations or confidence with such a label? Thank you.

Thanks, Balaji. Thanks for the question. I'll take the first one, which is a tricky one, because obviously we're dealing in something that's happened in real time. I think first and foremost, I'd like to point out that, you know, Tebra is any company, I'm sure that's a global company, works with any administration productively. So I think we'll do that here. And With regard to any policy changes which impact the generic market, then obviously as a major player, the major player in the US generic market, I think that's something that if it benefits a company like Tether, then obviously that is helpful. But I think for us, we'll have to wait and see how that plays out. I think what you're talking about is something that may happen, but I think it still hasn't crystallized. So over the next in a few months, actually until into next year when the administration is actually in place. As soon as we see what that looks like, then we can probably comment more on that in other earnings. But maybe to hand the other question on olanzapine over to Eric.

Yes, so to review for the olanzapine LIA program and, you know, what we've designed the program in conjunction with the FDA, as we mentioned before, you know, we've exceeded as expected the targeted number of injections that we need for the submission package. We have not seen any PDSS, you know, in real time at this point. We'll have our last patient coming towards the end of the year. But we're excited because the scientific story is very strong, I believe, when it comes to our formulation. It's designed to control spikes in the PK. It's a subcutaneous shot, so it's very unlikely to hit a large vessel like our competitors have a problem with. And, you know, we have a clinical data set and phase one data that shows in very intensive PK that we don't have this problem. I think at the end of the day, though, it also, you know, there's an important unmet medical need for patients. They need an option for olanzapine in a long-acting injectable. So I think with all those things, the fact that we've designed this in conjunction with the FDA, I think that, you know, our chances here are good. That's always going to be a review question for the FDA, but I think that we've checked all the boxes.

Thanks, Eric.

Thanks for the question, Balaji.

Thank you. Our next question comes from David Amsalem of Piper Sandler. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Thanks. So just a couple of quick ones. First, can you comment on how you're thinking about U.S. generics for 2025? particularly interested in drivers that can offset pressure on lenalidomide and how you're thinking about new contributors to the U.S. generic slash biosimilars portfolio in 25 beyond, say, Stellara. So that's number one. And then number two is, as you mentioned, Looking at the Uzzetti ramp, I was wondering where you're getting patients from. Are those switches from oral Prosperidone? Are you getting switches from other oral atypical antipsychotics? I'm just interested in the patient mix. And then the third one, if I may, is just how you're thinking long-term about any impact on LAI antipsychotics from the availability of muscarinic agonists in schizophrenia. Thank you.

Thanks for the questions, David. I think I'll give my view on those and then maybe ask Eric to chime in. So on the U.S. generics business for 2025, obviously we'll give guidance on that at the start of the year. But let me sort of help answer your question at least a bit and how we're thinking about it. Yes, obviously the team have done a great job with Revlimid, but I'd also like to add that we have launched other complex generics in the U.S. this year with Victoza, Ocutide, and Forteo and others. And so that's part of, obviously, we get the benefit of those when we move into 25, but we also have some good launches planned for 25 with Simbacor, Saxenda, et cetera. So I think we've already shown as we focus on launching our generics and our complex generics, we have the ability to do that better than we've done it in the past. We then add into that, as you've highlighted, our biosimilars, biosimilar Humira, biosimilar Stellara, then obviously you put that together collectively. I think that puts us in a very good position to manage the change that we're going to have with Revlimid in 2026. So that's how we think about it. With regard to Yosedi, I'll sort of start a bit. I'd like Eric to give a sort of physician's point of view as well as the new entrants. So Yosedi, there's a couple of things I think that we've benefited from. One is a great product profile. So there's a really good product profile. And because of that, physicians see the benefit of using it over other long acting. That ability to get to therapeutic dose within eight to 24 hours is really critical when you have a patient who's having an episode. Then we have some more practical ones about subcutaneous pre-filterings out of the refrigerator, all important when dealing with work in these institutions. And the second is we have a great commercial team here in the US that's really focused on executing, understanding the dynamics of the market, understanding the dynamics when it comes to physician, payers, patient journey. That's a real capability we have at Teva, which maybe people didn't appreciate. So those are the things that have driven it. And we're taking it from both orals and we're taking it from other long actings. What is interesting, we are getting a lot from orals. So it's showing that when people reach for a long acting, they're reaching for your study more and more. But then actually when they come to question the long acting they're on, then they also reach for Yersetti more and more. So I think that just goes to show that product profile. Now, before I hand over to Eric, I would say new entrants to the market, actually, we think are a good thing because one, optionality for patients is good, but it stimulates the market even more. And so for us, with good products like Yersetti and Olanzapine, we think we can benefit from that. But maybe I'll hand over to Eric now.

Yeah, when it comes to Yersetti, and its product profile, and I've been very encouraged by the uptake of the Zeti because when we developed it, we were always proud of the product profile. I mean, this is a pre-filled syringe. It's subcutaneous. The PK, the drug levels get up to active levels within 24 hours. There's no PO supplementation. We're already presenting data showing how people can switch onto this, you know, very convenient product. When you're in a psychiatrist's office, it's very busy. You want to be able to have something ready and easily administered to your patients. So that's what I've been proud of. And as far as muscarinic, there's new muscarinic treatments for schizophrenia. You know, we keep a close eye on that. We're very happy to see new MOAs come into this field. It is a BID oral medication, though. And, you know, there will be also step-throughs when it comes to reimbursement and the use of other generic treatments. Though if it's a BID oral treatment, adherence has been and always will be a problem with this population. And that's why it's a different value proposition when it comes to our long-acting injectables.

Thanks for the questions, David.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Jason of Bank of America. The line is now open. Please go ahead.

Hey. Good morning, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Just on TL1A, for the fourth quarter update, just wanted to confirm that we'll get placebo-adjusted UC Mayo remission scores at week 14, just so we have some relative sense of benchmarking against competitors. And is the Crohn's subgroup powered to show stats? And then just on TAPI, can you just maybe give us an update where you're at in the process that underpins confidence for a first half 25 close of that? And you've made really good progress on the net debt deleveraging. So really just trying to get a handle on some of these legal matters, like the recent European fine. Is that something that you take a cash hit on more in the near term, or given the multi-year appeals process, something that maybe there's not a cash hit for a while? Thanks.

Thanks, Jason. Thanks for the question. I think I'll hand the first one to Eric.

Yeah, thank you. I appreciate the question. So, yes, both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is placebo-controlled in the study, and we will provide the placebo-adjusted numbers. That's critical, you know, in thinking about Umar's question early on. The placebo is key. And I would remind you, too, that this is the first placebo-controlled randomized study for Crohn's disease with this MOA. So, you know, we're proud to be the first one to do that, and that's what we're targeting to give you.

Thanks, Sarah. And I'll maybe tag team this with Ellie a bit. So just starting on the TAPI, we're well on track with that. And we should be in a position to complete that divestment in H1 of 2025, as we've already previously announced. With regard to debt, before I hand that to Ellie, just on the European announcement, I'd just like to point out that, as you saw in our press release, we don't agree with that decision. and we are going to appeal that. And that will take many, many years, unfortunately, but we are going to appeal it because we don't agree with it. And so there's no cash impact in the short term because of that. And we think we have a good case. With that, I'll hand it over to Ellie to maybe comment if there's any questions relating to debt or the

Yeah, so thank you. Thank you, Justin. So first of all, about the you ask also about what does it mean in terms of the EU Commission fine in terms of cash? So for the for the coming several years, we don't see this one as a cash event. We're able to structure with certain levels of facilities in order to accommodate any pledge that we require to do as part of the appeal process until the final judgment. As far as related to the net debt and the leveraging, as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, in October, we made another payment of maturity. So for 24, we don't have any of these. But we do have in the first quarter of 25 around 1.4 billion, one in January, one in March, in total 1.4 billion. So next year, it's kind of more front-loaded in terms of debt payment. But that will actually, we will be able to manage it versus our organic free cash flow generation and our ongoing prediction. Other than that, we're still constantly looking on the market to decide if and when we will need to require to make any refinancing plan heading to the 26 and 27 towers. Thanks, Ali. And thanks for your questions, Jason.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Chris Schott of JP Morgan. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks so much. Just a couple of quick ones for me. Maybe use the pipeline first on Emru Solomon. Can you just talk about, is there a filing pathway for this one based on the phase two? Or would we have to think about a phase three kind of program coming from there? My second question was on TL1A. And to the extent the phase two data reads out successfully, can you remind us how quickly you can move that forward into phase three, just given the competitive landscape that's out there? And then finally, just a bigger picture one, can you talk about overall level of investment going on at Teva right now? You've obviously accelerated the pipeline. You've made some really good investments on that front. But to the extent we continue to see this momentum in the core business, how should we think about that upside flowing through the P&L versus going into incremental investments and further accelerating some of these growth drivers. I'm trying to get a sense of like, do we reach a point where there is more of it flowing down to the bottom line, or should we think about kind of a balanced approach as you invest in the business? Thank you.

Thanks, Chris. Thanks for the questions. First two, I'll give to you, Eric, and then the next one on investment, I'll start and maybe ask Ellie to also contribute. So over to you, Eric.

Yeah, so I'll take the second one first on TL1A, our DUA QTUG program. You know, we're running this in partnership with Sanofi, and one of the great things about the partnership is we've already started it. You know, a year ago, we even started this relationship, and we're working very closely with them. So as soon as we get the data, we're preparing to as rapidly as possible start phase three with them. Target is in 2025, and we'll have further announcements about that next year. The MRSOM, and I did mention that, you know, we're trying to make that phase two study as robust as possible. You know, it's 200 patients placebo-controlled with one active arm. This is a great unmet medical need. These patients need treatments. So if we see responses in there, I'll be the first one to, you know, push for an approval and an accelerated pathway, but it's all going to be dependent on the data, but that's certainly our hope for these patients.

And then on the final question around investments, I think I'll probably start with reiterating how we think about capital allocation at Teva. And the first part of that, when we announced the pivot to growth, was obviously to pay down debt. Then it was to invest in our growth drivers and then to do BD. Now, as you've highlighted, Chris, we've made really great progress on driving our innovative portfolio in the market, but also accelerating our pipeline. So for us, this is always about creating growth. long-term sustainable value. And to do that, we've had the opportunity and the need to invest in these potential growth drivers. And so we've done, I think, that very thoughtfully to make sure we manage our OPEX level. And as you hear from Ellie on a regular basis, the percentage of OPEX versus revenue is something we focused on and we're keeping constant. So we think about that balance very carefully what do we need to invest to create a sustainable long-term growing business but also what do we do to make sure we can increase value for shareholders and that's something which we do think about i don't think we ever think that that's there's one extreme or the other i think we need to try and deliver both over the medium and long term and that's why we committed to that 30 operating margin in 2027 but we need to do that thoughtfully to make sure that we're not missing out on opportunities to drive long-term growth in the short term so Maybe that's my opening statement. Eli, do you have anything to add to that?

Thanks. I will just add, Chris, if you go back in the last three quarters year to date, we generate in dollar-wise $600 million incremental gross profit versus year to date year ago. We really kind of allocate around 45% from that one into back to OPEX to invest in the business and the rest really flow through and enable us to extend our margin, be it the EBITDA extension. And I think that pattern we'll try to manage as we move forward with how Richard mentioned and how we're going to position our capital allocation.

Thanks, Ai.

Thanks for your questions, Chris. Appreciate it.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Ash Verma of UBS. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking my question. So I just wanted to clarify on the API business. You've taken a cumulative $1 billion in payment charge in the last two quarters. What's sort of driving that? Is there some material change in the business conditions? And then how does that impact the divestment discussions that you're having? And then on the TL1A, I wanted to understand the rationale for the endpoint selection here. So for CD, you're looking at endoscopic response as the primary endpoint. Some of the KOL feedback suggests that it's a harder endpoint to show meaningful benefit in a short-term study like this. What you see, you sort of have a more realistic clinical remission endpoint, if you can comment on that. Thanks.

Hi, Ash. Thanks for your questions. I'll hand the TAPI one to Eli, and then, Eric, if you can take the TL1A.

Thank you, Ash. So related to TAPI, Internally, as you know, TAPI is a standalone unit, and it includes both commercial and operational functions. Now, with the ongoing progress of the potential curve out, we are reviewing constantly our allocated net assets, including the goodwill, which is kind of a legacy asset in that perspective, and adjusting it for the potential expected deal structure. The impairment has no connection to the great performance that we have with TAPI, as long as with the business plan that we are projecting.

Thanks, Ali. And then the next question, Eric.

Yeah, Ash, thanks for the question. For Crohn's disease, yes, our primary endpoint is endoscopic endpoint. You're right. That is more challenging on the shore end of the study to show a difference. Our key secondary endpoint is the clinical remission. So those two should be a good judge of the activity of the compound.

Great. Thanks, Eric. Thanks, Ali. Thanks for your questions, Ash.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Yifeng Liu of HSBC. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Good morning and thanks for taking my questions. I've got two questions. One, could you talk about how you're seeing the pricing environment of generic medicine this year and how you see it evolve maybe into 2025? And the second question is also on TL1A. And could you maybe tell, share a bit more color on the baseline split between UC and Crohn's disease across your three groups, if that's possible? Thank you.

Hi, Effeng. Thank you for the question. So let me start on the generics one on pricing. So there's nothing that's changed in the pricing environment in the US. Obviously, the general pressure is downward. because of the nature of the business and so the way we tackle that is by launching new products and improving our product supply and our cost of goods and that's something which we've been focused on significantly for the next for the last 20 months and so for us when we look about pricing pressures for 2025 we expect the market to be the same our general point of view on this is that prices will be pushed down. And so how we offset that is by launching more products, as we've talked about in the US, and we do this regularly in the EU and international markets, and then improving our supply chain. And I think we've shown we have improved in this area, and we're doing that better. And that's the reason you'll see the performance of our business being robust and strong across all regions. And then maybe hand over to one question to you, Eric.

Yes, thank you. And I hope I'll interpret your baseline split question correctly. But In the study, it's designed that it's fixed. Half of the study is ulcerative colitis, and half of the study is containing Crohn's disease patients. When it comes to the baseline characteristics of the patients, they're both going to be moderate to severe patients. A good proportion will probably be biologically experienced patients. They can have up to three different biologics and or some advanced oral therapies. And we'll probably have about half of them have experienced steroid use as well.

Thanks, Eric. Thanks, Stefan. That's super helpful. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks for the question.

Next question, please. Thank you. I'll now hand back to Richard Francis for any closing remarks.

Okay. Well, thank you once again for your interest in Teva Pharmaceuticals. I appreciate the questions and your time. Hopefully you see once again in quarter three, our execution of our Pivot to Growth strategy continues to gain momentum. We continue to execute on the things we said we were going to execute on, and they have continued to deliver performance and value. We look forward to giving you an update for quarter four at the start of next year and to give you guidance for next year. Thanks very much. Have a good day.