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Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Target Corporation third quarter earnings release conference call. During the presentation, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. Afterwards, we will invite you to participate in a question and answer session. At the close of prepared remarks, we will open the queue for the Q&A session. At that time, if you have a question, you will need to press star 1 on your telephone. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded Wednesday, November 17th, 2021. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. John Hulbert, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
John Hulbert
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us on our third quarter 2021 earnings conference call. On the line with me today are Brian Cornell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Christina Hennington, Chief Growth Officer, John Mulligan, Chief Operating Officer, and Michael Fidelke, Chief Financial Officer. In a few moments, Brian, Christina, John, and Michael will provide their perspective on our third quarter performance and our outlook and priorities for the fourth quarter and beyond. Following the remarks, we'll open the phone lines for a question and answer session. This morning, we're joined on this conference call by investors and others who are listening to our comments via webcast. Following the call, Michael and I will be available to answer your follow-up questions. And finally, as a reminder, any forward-looking statements that we make this morning are subject to risks and uncertainties, the most important of which are described in our most recently filed 10-K. Also in these remarks, we refer to non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted earnings per share. Reconciliations of all non-GAAP numbers to the most directly comparable GAAP number are included in this morning's press release, which is posted on our Investor Relations website. With that, I'll turn it over to Brian for his thoughts on the quarter and his perspective on our outlook.
Brian Cornell
Brian. Thanks, John. And good morning, everyone. Our third quarter results are consistent with what our team has been delivering quarter after quarter for years now. And they continue to demonstrate the extraordinary level of engagement we're seeing from our guests, both with our brand and with our team. In the third quarter, Comparable sales expanded 12.7%, on top of a nearly 21% increase one year ago. Consistent with recent quarters, traffic was the primary driver of this year's growth, as our guests increasingly turned to Target to serve their wants and needs. Across our sales channels, store sales were the primary growth driver this quarter, while same-day services propelled our digital growth. Since the third quarter of 2019, prior to the pandemic, Q3 store sales have expanded by $3.8 billion, while digital sales have increased another $3.1 billion. This provides a vivid demonstration of the flexibility of our operating model to serve our guests, no matter how they choose to shop. All of these results reflect a level of guest engagement far beyond what many would have imagined a few years ago. when we started making huge investments throughout our business, in our stores, new brands, same day services, supply chain, and importantly, our team. Back then, Target was already known for a world-class team, a differentiated shopping experience, unique assortment, and an iconic brand. But we knew there was much more to do. We saw a clear opportunity to build on that solid foundation. finding new ways to enhance our capabilities while strengthening the bond with both our team and our guests. And today, those bonds have never been stronger. As I mentioned, within our digital capabilities, more and more of our guests are trying and embracing our industry-leading same-day services. Third-quarter sales through these services have expanded by nearly 400%, or $2 billion, over the last two years. Through the first three quarters of the year, Sales through these services have grown by more than $6 billion since 2019, a number larger than the total sales of many prominent retailers. Beyond fulfillment capabilities, our balanced multi-category assortment is another key driver of flexibility and resiliency within our business model. The breadth of our assortment, both within and across our core categories, allows our team to quickly and seamlessly serve our guests. even when their wants and needs are changing rapidly. In the third quarter, we saw consistent, strong growth across our entire merchandising portfolio. More specifically, all five of our core merchandise categories saw double digit growth in the quarter, ranging from the low double digits to the mid-teens, resulting in strong market share gains on top of unprecedented share growth in 2020. And we're not slowing down in our efforts to serve our guests. We continue to invest in key partnerships that enhance our assortment and experience, including the opening of more than 100 Ulta Beauty Shop and Shops and our recent announcement that we're doubling the number of enhanced Apple experiences in electronics. Christina will provide more details in a few minutes. In our conference call three months ago, we outlined multiple actions we're taking to support our inventory and in-stops. Given the supply chain challenges that have emerged throughout the pandemic, As you know, those pressures only intensified in the third quarter, and our team has done an outstanding job in the face of these challenges, identifying bottlenecks and finding solutions to keep inventory flowing throughout our network. While those efforts drove some incremental costs in the quarter, we view them as a continuation of the many productive long-term investments we're making in our business in support of the trust we have built with our guests, and obviously, our guests responded to these efforts with strong third quarter traffic, which we expect will continue in Q4 and beyond. Beyond our supply chain, the team has done a great job navigating through broader cost pressures, as many vendors have raised wholesale prices to accommodate higher costs within their businesses. As our team faced these cost increases, they maintained a guest-first approach and a focus on value while managing overall profitability as well. As a result, our business delivered strong third quarter financial results from the top to the bottom of the P&L, while building on the trust we've established with our guests. So I want to pause and acknowledge the incredible effort of our teams across the company, from headquarters to stores, from our merchandising, distribution, and transportation teams to our sourcing offices around the world. Because of your agility, energy, and selfless collaboration, Target delivered for our guests and our shareholders in the third quarter. And as we enter the fourth quarter and ramp up for the peak holiday season, we're really well positioned to continue delivering for all of our stakeholders and close out an already amazing year. I want to thank you for everything you do. So the theme you'll hear in today's call is that we're excited and ready for the holiday season. We know our guests are excited to celebrate. following a year in 2020 when many families stayed apart due to safety concerns. This year, our guests have eagerly started their holiday shopping as they respond to our holiday promotions, low price guarantees, and our ongoing efforts to provide ease, reliability, safety, and value across every shopping experience. And importantly, we've taken multiple actions to support our guests during the holiday season and beyond. On top of the investments in inventory, In stocks and value I outlined earlier, we've announced that we're hiring 30,000 new year-round supply chain team members to support our current and expected growth. In our stores, we're providing our team members with more pay, flexibility, and reliable hours this holiday season, offering more than 5 million additional hours to our existing team, an investment of more than $75 million over the holiday season. To supplement the additional hours from our existing team, we're hiring another 100,000 seasonal team members throughout the country, many of whom will have an opportunity to stay on with Target after the holidays. And importantly, during a season in which our guests are busier than any other time of the year, our merchandising and marketing teams are focused on cutting through the clutter. That means we're keeping our marketing messages and promotions simple and our operations flexible to offer an easy and reliable experience for our guests. no matter how they choose to shop. And finally, while Target has already had an outstanding year, our team is looking ahead and not slowing down. We're continuing to invest in our future, in our new stores and existing stores, our supply chain and fulfillment capabilities, in our owned and national brands, and the safety and well-being of our team. We're investing in Target Forward, an ambitious commitment to co-create an equitable and regenerative future. together with our guests, partners, and communities. All of these efforts are focused on advancing Target's leadership position within retail, taking a guest-led approach to everything we do, and supporting our company values to care, grow, and win together. I have the privilege of working alongside this great team as they bring our values to life every day across every part of the company. I'm endlessly grateful for their passionate support of our guests, of our brand, end for each other. With that, I'll turn the call over to Christina.
Brian
Thanks, Brian, and good morning, everyone. Our third quarter results demonstrate what happens when our team lives out our purpose to help all families discover the joy of everyday life. When we lead with our guests first, we continue to build upon the trust that we have carefully earned with them over time. And when our strategies are guest-led, we grow our business, which supports our team, our financial performance, and our ability to give back to our communities and the planet. As you heard from Brian, third quarter comparable sales grew 12.7%, reflecting double-digit growth in every one of our core merchandising categories. Even within those core categories, sales strength was broad-based, and virtually every area of the business grew over last year. This shows the power of our multi-category assortment in driving guest relevance and affinity for targets. While growth came from all categories, third quarter performance was led by our essentials, beauty, and food and beverage categories, all of which delivered comp growth in the mid-teens. These businesses continue to deliver substantial share gains on top of last year's gains through both trip frequency and basket growth. In essentials, growth was led by baby care, pets, and over-the-counter health care categories. Strength in food and beverage was most notable in our fresh and frozen categories, as well as in snacks and candy. Hard lines, which comped in the mid-teens on top of mid-30% comps last year, was fueled by incredible momentum in our toys and sporting goods businesses, which both saw comp growth north of 20%. Electronics delivered low single-digit comp growth on top of last year's comp of nearly 60%. In our apparel business, Comp sales grew in the low double digits despite unseasonably warm weather across much of the country. Performance was strongest in swim, young contemporary, intimates, and hosiery. In home, low double-digit comp growth was led by seasonal and stationary categories and reflected record-setting performance in the back-to-school, back-to-college, and Halloween seasons. We have seen consistently strong results across seasonal categories. Results that clearly signal that our guests are excited to celebrate the holidays with loved ones in new, old, and reimagined ways. However they celebrate, our guests remain focused on meeting their wants and needs with ease, convenience, and value. And as the holidays approach, they are turning to Target for these solutions. This is about more than just checking items off a list. Beyond working through the logistics of the holiday, our guests are looking to us to provide joy. And a joyous holiday is exactly what we plan to deliver. We continuously evaluate our guest mindset, which serves as a north star for all our strategies and decisions. We remain laser focused on their experiences with us and expectations of us, and we strive to build flexibility and agility into our plans to ensure we show up at our best for them during the holidays and all year round. We are confident in our ability to navigate the broader retail landscape, and we're eager to share all that we've planned for the upcoming holidays. Whether our guests are rekindling old holiday traditions or finding new ways to celebrate the season, we're focused on making Target the destination that makes it easy, safe, inspiring, and affordable to celebrate what matters most, the magic of spending time with those we love. As John will outline in more detail, our teams are working diligently to get the right inventory to the right place at the right time. Doing so has driven some near-term gross margin pressure, and appropriate long-term investment in the relationship with our guests. Bottom line, based on the incredible efforts of our team, we feel good about our inventory levels heading into the holiday season. In addition to the investments in our inventory position, we remain committed to providing great value with every trip to Target. And that value goes far beyond delivering exceptional everyday pricing. It includes offering compelling holiday deals, great quality products, and an array of options to support all budgets, including accessible payment options. Last year, we spread our promotions throughout the months of November and December to avoid crowding in stores, and we heard from our guests that they loved it. As a result, we're spreading savings throughout the season again this year to give guests flexibility to get the best deals on their terms whenever and however they choose to shop. We'll feature compelling offers throughout the season on top items, great weekly deals, and surprise deals of the day, both in-store and online, as well as additional deals for Target Circle members. And to reinforce value throughout the season, we recently announced the launch of our Holiday Price Match Guarantee, our most robust price match ever. When guests see Holiday Best Deals at Target, they can shop confidently, knowing they are getting Black Friday-sized savings with our best-planned price of the season. In essence, any time they see a deal at Target, our guests can be confident it's the right time to buy. We also know that our guests want flexibility, not just in what they want to buy and how they want to shop, but how to manage their budget as well. That's why, with the help of two new partners, Sezzle and Affirm, we've added new payment solutions that allow our guests to buy what they need now, take advantage of our best deals, and pay at a pace that works best for them. With a strong inventory position and a great value proposition, we're able to lean into our uniquely Target assortment to build upon our tradition of offering great gifting ideas and easy gathering solutions. Like even more creative gingerbread housemaking kits, bullseyes, top toys, and gift sets for any budget. Spanning beauty, apparel, food and beverage, and more, these gifting options will bring together the best of only at Target-owned brands with curated national brands. And for those seeking extra inspiration, our thoughtfully curated digital shopping lists will bring the joyful discovery our guests love, helping them find the perfect gifts for anyone on their list, whether they are shopping our stores or on our site. In addition to gifting, guests are focused on gathering with friends and family, and we have everything they need to create memorable moments, whether it's preparing a delicious meal, throwing a festive family party, or hosting a game night with friends. from good and gathered cheese board starter kits and favorite day baked goods to threshold fall collections, including festive baking dishes, serving platters in the color of the season, and an array of plates, linens, and other table toppers, all $15 and under. We want to create joy for all of our guests this holiday season, and we are excited to do so with our most inclusive assortment to date. Throughout our digital and in-store shopping experience, our guests are sure to see themselves reflected in in our culturally relevant gifting and gathering solutions. We'll highlight Black-owned businesses in beauty, hardlines, food and beverage, and home, including McBride Sisters wine pairings, BIPOC authors in our $10 book assortment, and a limited-time Black artist partnership in wrapping paper. And our guests will see themselves represented in inclusive gift card messaging and imagery, providing options that celebrate the many meaningful holidays of the season, including Kwanzaa and Hanukkah. We're also delivering joy beyond our holiday assortment by building on our incredible legacy of creating differentiated shop-and-shop experiences that drive traffic and inspire our guests. They continue to tell us how much they love our exciting and expanding partnerships with brands like Disney, Ulta Beauty, and Apple. With each partnership, we're adding excitement, convenience, and newness for our guests while unlocking incremental growth for each of the partners. So it's no surprise we're building on this momentum in time for the holiday season. We are tripling the number of Disney stores at Target locations and doubling our Apple Shop and Shop experiences. On top of that, of course, this will be our debut holiday season featuring Ulta Beauty at Target. And on the subject of Ulta Beauty at Target, our guests are telling us it's clearly hitting the bullseye. With makeup, skin care, bath and body, hair care and fragrance, from more than 50 top brands now available at Ulta Beauty at Target, both in stores and online. There's plenty to love about this new partnership, and we are so excited for all that is yet to come. And we'll build on our tradition of joy-making partnerships this December, when we will launch an exclusive lifestyle collection of products with one of the most beloved toy brands ever, Lego. Think brick-inspired hooded sweatshirts, colorful Lego-shaped tumblers, and of course, iconic Lego brick and minifigure sets. This collection builds on our longstanding partnership with the Lego Group and reflects our shared values of inclusivity, optimism, and joy. With nearly 300 must-haves for the family, pets, and home, and most of the colorful brick-inspired items under $30, our guests are sure to find something everyone will love on any budget. Joy, ease, value, inclusivity. the ingredients helping to deliver on our purpose to help all families discover the joy of everyday life, a recipe that we refine quarter after quarter by listening to our guests, learning from their choices, and working across our talented team. And these plans wouldn't come to life without the many talents and contributions of our dedicated team. So with deep gratitude and humility, I want to thank our team for serving the communities, for showing up every day for our guests and each other, and for bringing Target's values to life. You inspire me with all that you do, and because of you, I know we will win this holiday season. With that, I'll turn the call over to John.
Brian
Thanks, Christina. Every day, across the operations team, we focus on execution. On our supply chain team, the focus is on moving the right amount of inventory to the right place at the right time. In our stores, which fulfill more than 95% of our total sales, the team focuses on delivering a great guest experience across hundreds of millions of guest transactions every quarter. And on our properties team, the team focuses on optimizing our physical footprint, including the planning and construction of new stores and distribution facilities, along with our investments to maintain and enhance the productivity of our existing buildings. Of course, all of these aspects of operations matter all year long. But in the fourth quarter, when we handle the largest volumes of the year, everything moves faster, making the need for detailed planning and precise execution even greater. That's why every year we construct our plans with the fourth quarter in mind so we can remove distractions and roadblocks in advance of the holiday peak. That means on the properties team, we plan our remodel and new store projects so they're completed before the holidays. And our technology team rolls out new systems and tools on the same timeline. In the supply chain and in our stores, we carefully plan the ramp up of seasonal hiring and team member training in advance of the holidays so everyone is ready to handle the additional volume. That's what happens every year. But as Brian and Christina have already mentioned, this year our teams have been facing additional out-of-the-ordinary challenges as they plan for and deliver record-setting volumes while facing unprecedented bottlenecks in the global supply chain. So while I'm lucky to work with our amazing team every day, it's at times like these that our team shines brightest. Beyond their skill and expertise, they face every challenge with good nature and a collaborative mindset. I can't describe how proud I am to represent everything they've accomplished this year, as they've delivered historically strong growth on top of record increases a year ago. Within our supply chain, the team has been methodically working around multiple obstacles and challenges throughout the network, prioritizing our holiday sensitive categories within our import receipts, while thoughtfully planning domestic transportation to ensure products reach the shelf at the right time. And while we continue to see some periodic outages across different items and categories, We're entering the holidays with a very healthy inventory position overall. Specifically, at the end of the third quarter, inventory on the balance sheet was more than $2 billion higher than last year, representing growth of about 18% from a year ago. Looking back to the pre-COVID period, our Q3 ending inventory has grown more than $3.5 billion since the end of Q3 2019, representing 31% growth over a two-year period. A sizable amount of this inventory will continue to flow to our stores over the next few weeks, and our team has clear visibility to where the inventory is located and when it will arrive in our stores. In our overseas operations, we've benefited from a significant reduction in delay times. And of course, given that we were already anticipating tight conditions many months ago, the team has been writing this year's holiday purchase orders much earlier than last year to proactively mitigate the risk of both known and unexpected delays. We're also benefiting from really strong performance across our domestic transportation network, and we've secured the necessary capacity across both rail and over-the-road trucking to accommodate anticipated shipments throughout the fourth quarter. At the intersection of our overseas and domestic supply chains, the team continues to work around significant port delays, diverting shipments to less congested entry points and relying on air freight in certain cases. And while Target's port operations have long been considered best in class, Our team has been actively collaborating with government and port officials to help find solutions that will allow everyone's containers to move through the ports more quickly. And we're encouraged with the changes that have recently been put in place. I also want to pause and emphasize the ongoing collaboration that's been happening between our supply chain, merchandising, and marketing teams. These teams have worked together to develop promotional and marketing plans that are much more fluid and nimble than in the past. enabling the incorporation of real-time data on inventory availability and location within our holiday plans in order to maximize their impact to the benefit of both our guests and operations. In our stores, the team has been preparing for fourth quarter all year, and they're energized and ready to serve our guests throughout the season. This will be the first holiday season since we launched our new service initiative, which is all about empowering our teams and increasing their confidence to build authentic connections with our guests. Also new this year, we've rolled out a new point-of-sale system across more than 90% of our stores, providing more speed, efficiency, and enhanced experience at both the checkout and our service counter. To continue building on our industry-leading in-store pickup and drive-up experiences, we've been rolling out new capabilities all year. These efforts include capital projects to add permanent storage capacity in more than 200 high-volume stores, investing in flexible fixtures to provide temporary storage areas to support seasonal peak, adding thousands of new items to the list available for pickup and drive-up, doubling the number of drive-up parking stalls compared with last year, and designating stall numbers to help our teams deliver drive-up orders more efficiently. Even as we're adding these new capabilities, we're also supporting our longstanding commitment to providing a safe shopping experience, maintaining the enhanced COVID cleaning and safety routines that we implemented throughout the pandemic. We've also been investing in team member hours, processes, and training to prepare our team to handle record freight and fulfillment volumes this year, all while enhancing safety messaging and actively monitoring processes to protect the safety of both our guests and our team. And of course, as Brian mentioned, our team is focused on being fully staffed across the store and supply chain throughout the holiday season. Our stores have been hitting their seasonal hiring milestones. And because of the advancements we've made in scheduling this year, average hours per store team member are running significantly higher this year in comparison to past years. In fact, unlike what you're hearing from many others, because of the investments we've made in pay and benefits and our focus on team member training and engagement, the hourly turnover rate in our stores is actually running lower this year compared with 2019, particularly for our newly hired team members. And we're continuing to invest in our teams. Following the recent rollout of the most comprehensive debt-free education program in the industry, we announced that to sustain our momentum through the holidays, we're offering pay premiums during peak periods in our stores and distribution centers over the holiday season. As we've said many times, our investments in the team are the most productive ones we've made. Turning to the work of the properties team, we expect to finish about 145 remodels in 2021. Having completed more than 40 remodels prior to the end of Q3, with more than 100 additional projects slated to wrap up before the holiday. The team also opened another 15 new stores in the third quarter, bringing the year-to-date total up to 30. Among those projects, we've opened new stores ranging from 11,000 to 160,000 square feet, which demonstrates the flexibility we've developed to design the optimal store size for an individual neighborhood, based on their local needs and available real estate in the market. To increase the capacity and efficiency of our supply chain, our team has also opened two new distribution centers this year. In addition, we have two new sortation centers set to open in the fourth quarter, with two more on track to open early next year. While our supply chain has had to address a host of unique challenges, I also want to acknowledge the tireless work of our construction team, which enabled them to successfully bring a huge number of store and distribution projects to completion this year. These are highly complex projects across multiple geographies, which require precise coordination across a large number of regional construction providers, along with a diverse group of fixture and equipment vendors, all of whom have been facing the same bottlenecks we've been facing in our merchandise supply chain. Our construction team has handled all of these challenges with good humor and resilience, allowing us to continue reaching guests in new neighborhoods and support the growing supply chain needs of the entire chain. In support of those growing needs, we recently announced that we're adding more than 30,000 permanent positions across our supply chain network to support the growth we expect to continue delivering in the fourth quarter and beyond. These team members will support new buildings in our regional DC network, adding replenishment capacity to support an increasingly productive store network. They'll also be staffing and supporting our new sortation centers, which deliver efficiency, speed, and additional capacity in support of last mile fulfillment. And it's amazing to pause and look back at how much our network needs have grown in a short time. For the entire fiscal year in 2018, our business generated $74 billion in sales. Less than three years later, our business had already delivered $74 billion in sales through the third quarter, with the biggest quarter of the year still ahead of us. Our team and supply chain infrastructure have done an outstanding job in supporting that growth. And given that we don't expect it to end anytime soon, We are committed to growing our physical footprint and our team so they can continue to deliver on behalf of all of our stakeholders in Q4 and beyond. When I first started working here in 1996, Target delivered just under $18 billion in revenue for what was then called Dayton Hudson Corporation. While many things have changed since then, both in retail and at this company, we've successfully maintained what's made Target successful and unique for nearly 60 years. We've maintained our focus on offering affordable design in support of a unique merchandise assortment, providing a differentiated and outstanding shopping experience, investing in the best team in retail, and giving back to the communities that sustain us. This is another example of what we call the power of and. The reason Target has stayed relevant for so many decades is our ability to stay true to our values and continually evolve in the way we serve our guests. With that, I'll turn the call over to Michael. Thanks, John.
Christina
Over time, we've emphasized our commitment to making the appropriate investments in our business, ones that will deepen Target's relationship with our guests, driving engagement, which ultimately leads them to shop at Target more often. And while it's our job to focus on driving performance every day, we've committed to making investment decisions with a long-term perspective. not limiting our horizon to a month, a season, a quarter, or even a year, but thinking about how to position Target as a leading retailer for generations. That's how I think about our third quarter. In the face of multiple challenges in the external environment, we maintained our focus on our guests and took specific actions to ensure we have a healthy inventory position going into the holidays, even though those actions involve some incremental cost. And importantly, as we faced those decisions, we had the resources we needed, including the best team in retail, a sophisticated global supply chain, and a durable model that could accommodate those guest-focused investments. And while we're making these decisions with a focus on the long term, we've already seen the benefit of this year's inventory investments, given that they helped to power third quarter traffic and sales growth that exceeded our expectations. In addition, given strong expense discipline across the organization, we benefited from a compelling amount of leverage on our SG&A and DNA expenses, resulting in solid EPS growth, despite the sizable investments we were choosing to make. As Brian mentioned, our 12.7% comp in the third quarter came on top of a nearly 21% increase a year ago. As expected, within the quarter, we saw a shift in a portion of our back-to-school sales back into August, given that most schools across the country began the school year with in-person learning. As a result, our August comp was our strongest of the quarter, our September comp dipped down to about 10%, and we accelerated back into the low teens in October. Among the component drivers of our sales, growth continues to be driven by traffic, even as we retain nearly all of the basket growth that happened a year ago. Specifically, third quarter traffic increased 12.9% on top of a 4.5% increase last year, while average ticket declined only slightly, about 20 basis points, after growing more than 15% a year ago. Among our sales channels, stores' comparable sales grew 9.7% in the quarter, on top of 9.9% last year, while digital comp sales grew 29% on top of 155% growth a year ago. Within our digital fulfillment, sales on orders shipped to home increased slightly over last year, while same-day services grew about 60% on top of a more than 200% increase a year ago. Among those same-day options, both in-store pickup and shipped grew more than 30% in the quarter, while drive-up grew more than 80% on top of more than 500% a year ago. Put another way, since 2019, sales through drive-up have expanded more than 10 times. or about $1.4 billion in the third quarter alone. Moving down the P&L, our third quarter gross margin rate of 28% was 2.6 percentage points lower than a year ago. Among the drivers, core merchandising accounted for two percentage points, or more than three quarters of the rate decline, driven primarily by incremental freight and other inventory costs. Among the other gross margin drivers, payroll growth in our supply chain accounted for about 70 basis points of pressure, while category sales mix contributed about 10 basis points of benefit. Notably, digital fulfillment had an approximately neutral impact on gross margin rate in the quarter, as the costs associated with higher digital volume were offset by the benefit of a shift in fulfillment mix towards our same-day options, which have meaningfully lower average unit costs compared with traditional e-commerce. On the SG&A expense line, we saw about 160 basis points of improvement in the third quarter, reflecting disciplined cost management combined with the leverage benefit of unexpectedly strong sales. On the DNA line, we saw about 20 basis points of rate improvement as sales growth more than offset the impact of higher accelerated depreciation, which reflects the continued ramp up in our remodel program. All together, our third quarter operating margin rate of 7.8% was about 70 basis points lower than a year ago, but more than two percentage points higher than two years ago. On a dollar basis, operating income was 3.9% higher than a year ago and double the number recorded in the third quarter of 2019. Moving to the bottom of the P&L, our third quarter gap EPS of $3.04 was 52% higher than last year when we recorded more than $500 million of interest expense on early debt retirement. On the adjusted EPS line, where we excluded early debt retirement expense, we earned $3.03 in the quarter, representing an 8.7% increase from a year ago. Compared with two years ago, both gap and adjusted EPS have increased more than 120%. Turning now to capital deployment, I'm going to start, as always, with our long-term priorities. First, we look to fully invest in our business and projects that meet our strategic and financial criteria. Next, we support the dividend and look to build on our long history of annual increases, which we've maintained every year since 1971. And finally, we return any excess cash within the limits of our middle-A credit ratings through share repurchases over time. On the CapEx line, we'd invested $2.5 billion through the first three quarters of 2021 and expect to reach about $3.3 billion for the full year. As I mentioned last quarter, this is somewhat lower than our expectation going into the year and reflects a retiming of project spending into next year, given that we've experienced delays on some projects relating to external factors like permitting and inspections in some communities. However, as John mentioned earlier, we're eager to invest in a long list of productive growth opportunities over the next few years, adding new stores, remodeling existing stores, building replenishment capacity in our supply chain, and rolling out additional sortation centers. As of today, we continue to believe these investments will amount to CapEx in the $4 to $5 billion range in 2022, and we'll continue to refine our view in the months ahead. Turning now to dividends, we paid $440 million in dividends in the third quarter, up $100 million from last year. This increase reflects a 32% increase in the per share dividend, partially offset by a decline in share count. I want to pause here and take note of the fact that, with the payment of our December dividend, we'll officially achieve our 50th consecutive year of annual increases in the per share dividend, something very few companies have achieved. And lastly, given our cash position and strong cash generation by our operations, we continue to have ample capacity for share repurchases within the limits of our middle A ratings, even after we've made robust investments in capex and dividends. In the third quarter, we deployed $2.2 billion to repurchase 8.8 million of our shares, bringing our year-to-date total up to $4.9 billion. As I've mentioned in prior quarters, given our continued strong financial performance, our debt leverage has been lower and cash on the balance sheet has been higher than we'd expect to maintain over the longer term. As a result, going forward, we expect to increase our leverage and reduce our cash position at a pace that's consistent with our financial expectations, credit rating goals, and assessment of the external environment. I've mentioned before that the timeline to move those metrics fully back to historical levels will likely be a multi-year journey, and the rapidly changing conditions we've seen over the last two years demonstrate why it's prudent to maintain a thoughtful pace. As always, I'll end my review of performance with our after-tax return on invested capital, which measures the quality of our current performance in the context of the investments we've made over time. For the trailing 12 months through the end of Q3, our business generated an after-tax ROIC of 31.3%, compared with 19.9% a year ago. This is incredibly robust performance and demonstrates why we are enthusiastically planning to continue investing in our business. Now, let me turn to our expectations for the fourth quarter and full year. 90 days ago, we said we were planning for high single-digit growth in our comparable sales over the back half of the year. While we still believe that's in the range of possible outcomes for the fourth quarter, we just exceeded that expectation in Q3. As such, we're planning for a Q4 comp in the high single digit to low double digit range, consistent with the range we've seen over the last two quarters. In terms of profitability, we continue to expect that our business will deliver a full year operating margin rate of 8% or higher, up significantly from 7% in 2020. This rate favorability, combined with the full year sales growth we're positioned to deliver, would translate into another incredibly strong year of profit growth, following a record year in 2020. So now, as I get ready to turn the call back over to Brian, I want to pause and address a question that I'm certain you'll be asking, which is, how much of the current cost pressures will turn out to be temporary, and how much will turn out to be structural? And I'll give you the honest answer, which is that it's almost certainly some of both, and no one knows the precise answer. That said, there's no doubt that supply chain bottlenecks should ease over time. However, beyond the supply chain, we're also facing product cost increases from some vendors driven by higher costs in their businesses. And while you heard from John that we're extremely well positioned, given our team investments over the last few years, the labor market remains very tight across the country. So how do we think about the future? From a financial standpoint, we focus first on serving our guests and translating that focus into further growth, an area where we see a lot of runway. As you've seen with the investments we've made and continue to make, we're earning deeper trust and engagement from our guests. This trust leads to more trips and broader shopping across our merchandise assortment and fulfillment services. With a skilled and agile team focused on driving guest engagement, further growth, and market share gains, we're confident that our durable model can continue to offer compelling value for our guests, accommodate continued investments in our team, and deliver outstanding financial performance, even in the face of a challenging external environment like we're facing today. This is one more example of the power of and. So now, I want to pause and thank our entire team for delivering a great Q3, which came on top of years of already strong performance. The financial results I have the privilege of sharing quarter after quarter wouldn't be possible if Target didn't have the best team in retail. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Brian.
Brian Cornell
Thanks, Michael. Before we turn to your questions, I want to pick up on something Michael just mentioned, which is the growing agility of our team. This comes in part from a heightened focus on prioritization, in which we ask our team to focus on a small list of key enterprise-wide priorities with a goal of making much more rapid progress towards the goals that matter most. With prioritization, we've also seen more alignment across the organization, Regardless of where specific team members might work, our enterprise priorities guide their decision making, allowing them to take action and change course faster when facing rapidly changing external conditions. Beyond prioritization and alignment, we've also achieved a higher degree of collaboration. When tackling business problems, it becomes easier for everyone to communicate and partner cross-functionally to achieve our common goals together. Prioritization. alignment, collaboration, three important concepts that deliver compelling outcomes in a large organization like ours. And in our remarks today, you've heard us highlight some of those benefits, which help drive strong Q3 performance despite challenging macro conditions. A unified focus on serving our guests. Collaboration between merchandising, marketing, and operations teams as they optimize holiday promotions. Joint efforts between our stores, supply chain, merchants, and vendors to address supply chain bottlenecks and find solutions in support of our inventory. To say we're feeling the impact of those benefits already this holiday season would be an understatement. In fact, I'd place them alongside our multi-category portfolio, our unmatched same-day services, and the skill of our extraordinary team as keys to our holiday readiness. So once again, I want to thank our team. There's no question that Because of their dedication and connection to our guests, we stand ready for an exceptionally strong holiday season. Throughout the team, across every function, I've seen the energy and passion as they prepare for the busiest season of the year. And I'm confident that same energy and passion will ensure Target's consistent and sustainable growth over the longer term as well. Now, Christina, John, Michael, and I would be happy to take your questions.
Operator
Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, please press star followed by one. To withdraw your request, press star two. Our first question is from Michael Lasser with UBS. You may go ahead.
Michael Lasser
Good morning. Thanks a lot for taking my question. Michael, you began the question already by suggesting you're not sure how long the gross margin is going to last. Can you at least help us understand if the third quarter was the peak gross margin degradation that you expect to realize over the next few quarters? And what are you doing to mitigate this gross margin pressure in terms of passing along price increases to the consumer? Thank you.
Christina
Yeah, well, thanks for the question, Michael. As you know, we don't guide margins specifically out into future quarters. But I will say and reiterate what I said in my remarks. I think you're seeing in the third quarter the result of some very specific investments we made. And the biggest of those investments is an investment to make sure we've got a great inventory position heading into the fourth quarter. And pulling all the levers within the system to ensure we're there for the guests has been our priority. And some of those levers, think of expediting product, come at a cost. And you saw some of that in the third quarter. But I feel really good about the payoff from an investment decision like that. We've got inventory of $2 billion north of last year, up almost 20% on a year-over-year basis, and that's fueling the continued top line growth that we see. So I feel really good about the set of investments that we're making and how they have us positioned for the back part of the year.
Michael Lasser
My follow-up question is, even without providing any context on the gross margin for at least the fourth quarter, Can you give us a sense for how much you're able to offset or continue to offset this gross margin pressure with further SG&A reductions? Should we expect your SG&A dollars in the fourth quarter to grow at a similar rate that they grew in the third quarter?
Christina
Yeah, on the SG&A side, I think the thing you see in Q3 is just an example of how powerful productivity improvements that come with growth are for our business. astounding leverage when the top line's running forcibly in the right direction, and it certainly was in the third quarter. That's one of the reasons we want to make sure we're so well positioned to support continued growth, because the P&L works great when we're generating that SG&A leverage, just like you saw in Q3.
Michael Lasser
Understood. Thank you so much, and have a good holiday. Thanks, Michael.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Chris Horvers with JP Morgan. You may go ahead.
Chris Horvers
Thanks. Good morning. So two questions. My first question is you raised the outlook for the fourth quarter. Can you talk about what you're seeing from the consumer so far this holiday season? Are you seeing any indication of that the holiday sales could be pulled forward? And does the guidance reflect any risk on stockouts as we progress toward Christmas and then obviously stimulus slap in January?
Brian Cornell
Chris, as we sit here today, we see continued momentum in the marketplace. and a guess to shopping all of our categories utilizing both our stores and our digital channels. We think that's going to continue throughout the holiday season. All indications are that the U.S. consumer is looking to celebrate the holiday season. They're anxious to get together with family and friends. We've seen a great response to seasonal activity as we look at the first three quarters of the year. A record Halloween season, very strong back to school, back to college. And a guest that we believe is going to enjoy Thanksgiving with family and friends and is really looking forward to the holiday season, which means robust gifting throughout the season. So we're off to a very good start. We think that's going to continue throughout the holiday season. And we think we've made the appropriate investments in inventory. Our inventory levels are up $2 billion, almost 20%. And we think we're well positioned with those key items. the gifting items, the toys, those items the guest is going to turn to to celebrate the season to make sure we build on our third quarter momentum and continue to take market share as we go through the holiday season.
Chris Horvers
Got it. And then I'll take a second cut probably of many on the gross margin and the gross margin outlook. You know, seasonally, usually, you know, gross margin does sort of go down to 300 basis points just relative to the third quarter rate. However, you talked about a lot of I think there's like two components here to think about. One, you talked a lot about expediting product in during the third quarter. So there's some sort of periodic costs there. But then you have a lot of the product that comes in overseas has all that ocean freight. And I think that product's hung up, that cost is hung up in the inventory. So I guess as you sort of roll those two pieces together and ignoring mix for a second, How are you thinking about, you know, those two relative costs as sort of the freight component that's hung up in inventory get worse, but the, you know, periodic cost of bringing in N3Q comes down and those two things sort of net to neutral or in which direction?
Christina
Yeah, Chris, you're thinking about it conceptually, I'd say, in the right way in that the third quarter and fourth quarter kind of straddle the big inventory build and relief that happens for us in advance of the holiday season every year. And so those will be the factors at play while I won't begin to get into the specifics at that level of gross margin for what that means in Q4. But I'd just zoom out and say I feel really good about our ability to manage all of the levers and to see EPS growth of almost 9% in the third quarter and Yes, some investment in gross margin, but also a ton of leverage on the SG&A line. And we feel really good about how that positions us for the fourth quarter and the investments in inventory. And importantly, the investments in value for our guests, I think, will be investments that continue to pay off.
Chris Horvers
Got it. Have a great holiday season.
Christina
Thanks, Chris.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Karen Short with Barclays. You may go ahead.
Karen Short
Hi, thanks very much. Sorry to try this a little bit differently. So when you look at your top line growth in 3Q relative to your EBIT growth, and then so we look at the gap on those two in 3Q and then back into 4Q, it looks like you will have much stronger, much wider, or sorry, a much narrower gap on top line relative to EBIT growth in 4Q. So is that a function of the fact that a lot of these supply chain costs and inventory costs were pulled into 3Q? And then I guess what I want to ask bigger picture is looking at 22, how should we think about that algorithm generally, top line growth relative to EBIT growth?
Christina
Well, thanks for the question, Karen. I guess I'd start by saying it's wrapped into the guidance we're given for the balance of the year. We would expect up income rate of 8% or higher and that's inclusive of a lot of moving pieces and puts and takes throughout the P&L. But I'll tell you the place that starts is growth and that's why high single digit to low double digit expectations for the fourth quarter are kind of where the short term algorithm starts and with that kind of growth we feel confident in our ability to put together a P&L that works. The time will be right in the future to unpack the future year algorithm, but I will say, over time, we expect to be a growth company. We expect to be a company that's growing the top line and gaining share over time, and that's where that algorithm will start.
Karen Short
Okay, and then just to follow up, you didn't mention markdowns or what your thoughts are on overall markdowns. I know originally you'd hoped that you would have enough excess inventory to be able to have a healthier markdown season. I'm just wondering where you stand on that.
Christina
I'd describe us as still chasing. The strength in the top line means that we're still not seeing those clearance markdowns return in force, like you heard me talk about quarter over quarter. That said, we feel really good about how inventory is positioned for the fourth quarter. That $2 billion higher than last year, up almost 20%, means we'll be ready to serve our guests for the important holiday season.
Karen Short
Great, thanks very much. Happy holidays.
Christina
Thanks Karen.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Kelly Bania with BMO Capital. You may go ahead.
Kelly Bania
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our questions. Just wanted to ask really about the competitive environment and clearly you're maybe not passing on all of the cost pressures that maybe you could. And my understanding is you're kind of investing here in that relationship with your guests. But do you see this as an investment to sustain these share gains? Or are you already seeing any signs of consumer price sensitivity? Or is it just an anticipation of that as we move forward? And this is maybe more of a proactive absorption of those costs here.
Brian Cornell
Kelly, you've heard us say a number of times already today that We're investing in growth. We're investing to maintain and continue to build market share positions and build on the extraordinary results that we delivered last year, where we added $9 billion of market share and continue to see that momentum grow in 2021. So we're a company that's going to continue to invest in growth, do the right thing for our team, the right thing for the guests, and utilize all of our assets to continue to build on the momentum that we have today and build market share across all of our key categories.
Kelly Bania
That's helpful. And maybe just to follow up on the supply chain, obviously you've been ahead of it this year pulling inventory ahead of schedule. What is your expectation on when that resolves and are you still pulling inventory ahead of schedule for early next year?
Brian Cornell
Kelly, I'll start and then I'll ask John to provide any additional comments. we've certainly seen supply chain challenges going all the way to the start of the pandemic as demand across the U.S. continued to build. So we've done a terrific job, and I think our teams have shown great agility. They've adjusted to the marketplace to make sure that we've been able to meet the demand in our system. But we don't expect those supply chain challenges to go away as we go into the start of next year, and I think they'll dissipate over time. So we're doing... our fair share to make sure that we're alleviating some of the congestion in the ports and making sure that we're unpacking containers in off-peak hours. We've utilized other ports across the country to try to relieve some of the congestion in LA Long Beach. But as John can attest, we know that we're going to still face some supply chain challenges as we go into 2022. There's still uncertainty as we think about supply from Asia as different factories from time to time are closed. And we're just going to have to show great flexibility and agility to provide the product that our guests are looking for and our system requires as we plan for the next fiscal year.
Kelly Bania
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Kate McShane with Goldman Sachs. You may go ahead.
Kate McShane
Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking our question. I wanted to ask a quick question on labor. It sounds from the prepared comments that from a staffing level you might be in a good place right now. Could you maybe comment on how you're feeling about your labor in the stores versus the DCs and what you're seeing in the competitive environment when it comes to wages?
Brian
Yeah. Morning, Kate. I think we feel really good about where we're at. And this really goes back, you know, a little bit like the supply chain thing. This is something we've been on top of for a very long time. We've made investing in our team an absolute priority. You've seen us do that for years now. Investments in wage, investments in training, investments in benefits, and investment in their safety over the past couple of years. And so that all starts and leads to retaining our current team. And from our perspective, that's the way we we achieve our staffing goals is retain the team we have. This year, particularly in our stores, we spend a lot of time, individual conversations with every team member about what's the hours they want and what can we do to cross-train you to get you the hours you need. And so that's been a huge success for our team and for us as we've looked at staffing. More recently, we've said we're investing in our DC team, our supply chain teams to grow the staffing and We feel great about applicant flow. We feel great about the turnover of our team. It's below 2019 right now. So overall, we feel we're really well positioned for the fourth quarter, and more importantly, for beyond the fourth quarter, because labor is going to continue to be tight, and we'll continue to focus on retaining our existing team.
Kate McShane
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you. The next question is from Paul Lejouet with Citigroup. You may go ahead.
spk09
Hey, thanks, guys. I know you don't give guidance, and obviously you didn't for third quarter gross margin. I'm sure you had some view on where it would shake out. So I'm kind of curious just how much of what we saw in the third quarter was unexpected to you and maybe tied to decisions that you made during the quarter, intra-quarter, and how much was tied to higher than expected sales. And I just want to make sure I'm clear. I don't know if you'd answered the question earlier. Was there an aspect of some costs getting pulled forward into 3Q out of 4Q? Thanks.
Brian Cornell
Paul, I'll start. I think one of the positive surprises for us in Q3 was just the continued strength in traffic. To see our traffic grow by almost 13% was something that we actually didn't anticipate. We certainly were planning for a very strong quarter and continued market share gains, but to see the type of performance across our businesses, The strength of stores, comping up almost 10% in a period when we were comping over a 9.9% growth rate the prior year. To see our digital business grow by almost 30%, comping over 155% growth the year before. Those numbers are actually stronger than we might have expected. To see the consistent growth across every one of our major merchandising categories, double-digit growth, just the way the guest was responding to our assortment the value we were delivering, the great in-store experience, those were all really positive results in the quarter and actually exceeded our expectations when we were planning for Q3. Operator, we have time for one more question today.
Operator
Thank you. Our last question is from Robbie Ohms with Bank of America. You may go ahead.
Robbie
Oh, good morning. Thanks for fitting me in. Brian, kind of a follow-up to what you were just talking about. I wanted to ask you about grocery. I know that, you know, Target historically has said, you know, we're not a full grocery shop, but I'm looking at the numbers you guys have been putting up in grocery, food and beverage, you know, beauty and essentials, and can you maybe just speak to, you know, longer-term opportunity, given the momentum you have there, and Could you do more there and maybe also does it tie into, does it drive general merchandise? Is it key to driving these digital numbers on very strong digital numbers? Any help to think about that would be great.
Brian Cornell
Robbie, why don't I start and let Christina add to my comments. But I think you've highlighted one of the real success stories within our business over the last few years. And the progress we've made from a food and beverage standpoint, the changes we've made in assortment, the market share gains that we've seen quarter after quarter now for multiple years, and the great response we're seeing to our own brands and the strength and the response we're seeing to Good & Gather is a real highlight for us. But as Christina can build in more detail, we're also seeing tremendous growth in our beauty business and ongoing strength in household essentials, and that's helping drive trips and leads to cross-shopping across our multi-category portfolios. So the position we're in today in food and beverage is dramatically different from where we were five years ago. We're connecting with the guests. The quality, the assortment, the value we deliver is being really well received from the guests who shops our stores. And we're seeing accelerated growth with our food and beverage business from a digital standpoint.
Robbie
I'm sorry.
Brian
I was just going to add a little bit of commentary to Brian's points about how food and beverage fits into the broad portfolio. The multi-category portfolio and the strength across the entirety is part of Target's sweet sauce. So food and beverage is certainly an incredible proof point that's grown and driven share acceleration and traffic, but we rely on all of our categories to play that role at different times of year. And it's that combination that makes it so compelling, whether it's back to school, whether it's Halloween, whether it's Memorial Day, or whether it's just your everyday trip when you need to pick up milk and bread. So this is part of the strategy that's accelerating the relevance for the consumer across the board.
Robbie
That's really helpful. Thanks so much, guys, and best of luck for the holiday season.
Brian Cornell
Robbie, thank you. And that, operator, concludes our third quarter conference call. We look forward to talking to all of you as we go into 2022, so thank you.
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