Vulcan Materials Company

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Vulcan Materials Company third quarter 2025 earnings call. My name is Beau, and I will be your conference call coordinator today. Please be reminded that today's call is being recorded and will be available for replay after today's call later today on the company's website. All lines have been placed in a listen-only mode. After the company's prepared remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. Now I will turn the call over to your host, Mr. Mark Warren, Vice President of Investor Relations for Vulcan Materials. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Operator. Joining me today are Tom Hill, Chairman and CEO, Ronnie Pruitt, Chief Operating Officer, and Mary Andrews Carlisle, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Today's call is accompanied by a press release and a supplemental presentation posted to our website, balkanmaterials.com. Please be advised that today's discussion may include forward-looking statements which are subject to risks and uncertainties. These risks, along with other legal disclaimers, are described in detail in the company's earnings release and in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures are defined and reconciled in our earnings release supplemental presentation, and other SEC filings. During the Q&A, we ask that you limit your participation to one question. This will allow us to accommodate as many as possible during our time we have available. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Tom.

Thank you, Mark, and thank all of you for joining our call this morning. Mary Andrews and I are happy to have Ronnie joining us today as we discuss the third quarter results and what lies ahead for the remainder of 2025 and moving into 2026. The third quarter financial results clearly demonstrate the consistent solid execution of our teams across the footprint. Gross margin and unit profitability expanded in each segment and adjusted EBITDA margin expanded 310 basis points. Adjusted EBITDA of $735 million improved 27% compared to the prior year. Thankfully, this year, we were not confronted with the same extreme weather events as the prior year. Aggregate shipments increased 12% in the quarter, resulting in 3% higher shipments on a year-to-date basis. Aggregate's cash gross profit per ton grew 9% in the quarter through a combination of commercial and operational execution. As anticipated, the prior year acquisitions and a higher percentage of base shipments contributed to 150 basis points of mixed headwinds in our aggregate freight adjusted selling price. Mixed adjusted pricing improved 5 percent in the quarter and 7 percent on a year-to-date basis. Our vocal way of operating efforts continue to benefit our cost performance. Aggregate's freight adjusted unit cash cost of sales was 2 percent lower than the prior year in the third quarter. I'm proud of the way our operators are adopting new tools and disciplines to drive plant efficiencies. And I'm excited about the runway ahead for continued profitability improvements, especially as private demand recovers. Currently, strong momentum continues in public construction activity. The private non-residential end use is improving, while residential demand remains weak. Since there has been little relief in affordability to date, single-family housing starts and permits continue to decelerate across most U.S. markets. With our leading footprint, we are confident we are in the right markets to benefit from an eventual single-family residential recovery. In multi-family residential end use, current data is more varied across geographies. Some states are already showing growth in starts, which should begin to help offset weakness in single-family activity. Private non-residential construction activity is improving. Overall starts in our markets are positive on a trending six-month basis. Data center activity remains robust, with approximately 60 million square feet under construction and another 140 million square feet proposed and in the planning stages. Nearly 80% of data center projects in the planning stage are within 30 miles of a Vulcan operation. For both data centers and large project opportunities like LNG, which are also gaining momentum, Vulcan is in the right markets and well-positioned to supply these projects and help create value for our customers. The same is true on the public side. Growth in public contract awards in our markets continues to outpace other markets. Trading 12-month awards are up 17% year-over-year in our footprint. And importantly, there's a long tail to public strength since approximately 60% of the IIJ funds are still yet to be spent. Given shipment trends year-to-date, coupled with the demand I just described, we now anticipate full-year shipments to increase approximately 3%, yielding full-year adjusted EBITDA of $2.35 to $2.45 billion, a 17% increase over the prior year at midpoint. Now I'll turn the call over to Ronnie to discuss our continued execution of our agri-led two-pronged growth strategy. Ronnie?

Thank you, Tom, and good morning. Over the last 24 months as Chief Operating Officer, I've been highly focused on growing the profitability of our existing business in addition to shaping our portfolio for optimal future growth. In the third quarter, our trailing 12 months aggregate cash gross profit per ton was $11.51, 27% higher than just two years ago. Our commitment to the Vulcan way of selling and the Vulcan way of operating has supported this growth. Our organic growth, coupled with disciplined M&A and portfolio management, positions us well to continue compounding results and creating value for shareholders. In early October, we completed the disposition of our asphalt and construction services assets We believe that these downstream positions that we strategically built over time are now more valuable to the acquirers than to us, and we will redeploy the proceeds into attractive growth opportunities in the future. I'll now pass the call to Mary Andrews to provide some additional details on our financial results and capital allocation before we share some of our preliminary views about next year.

Thanks, Ronnie, and good morning. Good morning. The aggregates unit profitability improvement that Ronnie and our division teams are driving each day is foundational to our cash generation, overall growth, and return on invested capital. Over the last 12 months, our free cash flow has increased by 31% to over $1 billion, and our conversion is 94%. Complementing our free cash flow with incremental debt of $1 billion, we have grown our franchise through over $2 billion of acquisitions and returned approximately $300 million to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases, all while maintaining our adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio just below our targeted range of 2 to 2.5 times and improving our return on invested capital by 40 basis points. We are poised for additional profitable growth. We also continue to prioritize reinvesting in our franchise. Year to date, we have deployed $442 million toward maintenance and growth capital expenditures and plan to spend approximately $700 million for the full year. Our trailing 12 months SAG expenses were $566 million and consistent with the prior year's trailing 12 months as a percentage of revenue at 7.2%. We are pleased with the results our investments in technology and talent are yielding in the business. I'll now turn the call back over to Ronnie to provide some preliminary thoughts on 2026 before Tom makes some closing remarks.

Thank you, Mary Andrews. Tom shared earlier our views on the current demand environment, and we anticipate those trends to continue into next year. Consistent growth in public, improving private non-res, and lingering softness in residential. Overall, we expect organic shipments to return to growth in 2026 and improve modestly year over year. We also anticipate mid-single-digit pricing improvements. We will maintain our focus on efficiency gains and cost discipline through our Volcomave operating efforts to continue to deliver expansion and aggregate cash gross profit per ton that exceeds historical averages. Before I turn the call back over to Tom, I would like to express my gratitude for the opportunity to lead this organization and leverage the strong foundation Tom has built over the last decade. He has cultivated a culture of continuous improvement and created meaningful value for our shareholders. I'm excited about what lies ahead, and I'm confident Vulcan Materials will continue to deliver. Tom, back over to you. Thank you, Ronnie.

I want to thank all the men and women of Vulcan Materials for living out the Vulcan way each and every day, doing the right thing the right way at the right time. Our safety and financial performance are evidence of their commitment to excellence and to continuous improvement. We are ready to finish the year strong and to continue our long track record of durable growth as we move into 2026. And now, Mary Andrews, Ronnie, and I will be happy to take your questions.

Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, if you would like to ask a question, please press star 1. And you may remove yourself from the queue at any time by pressing star 2. Again, we do ask that you please limit yourself to one question so we can get to as many questions as possible. We'll go first this morning to Trey Grooms with Stevens.

Hey, good morning, everyone. Hey, Trey. Hey, Tom. First, I want to say congratulations, Ronnie, on your new role, well-deserved, and also to Tom. It's been a pleasure working with you over the last several years, and we wish you the best on your next chapter. Thanks, Phil. Sure, and I guess with that, Ronnie, maybe if you could highlight some of your top priorities that you have for the Vulcan Materials team here as you take the reins and transition into your new position.

Sure. Thanks, Trey, for the question. First and foremost, I'm going to continue to build on the culture that Tom has grown through his leadership of Vulcan. Our culture is a based on safety is our foundation, and our people own and drive our results. Our strategic approach will continue to focus on enhancing our core through Vulcan Web Operating and Vulcan Web Selling, and strategically we'll continue to expand our reach through discipline, aggregate-centric acquisitions, as well as greenfield initiatives that are going to continue to complement our aggregate-leading positions in our network.

Excellent.

Thank you, Ronnie.

Thanks, Trey.

Thank you. We'll go next now to Tyler Brown with Raymond James.

Hey, good morning, guys. Hey, Tyler. Hey, first off, congrats, Ronnie. Congrats, Tom. But hey, you know, this quarter's volumes were obviously great, benefited obviously for some pretty calm weather. We have the Wakestone comp, but you guys are guiding kind of towards the low end for the full year. Can you just talk about the trends in the Q4? What what? What's kind of driving towards the low end there? And then I appreciate the look on 26, but when you say modest improvement, can you put a finer point there and maybe talk about some of the puts and takes in the three, call it the three big end markets?

Yeah, I think you've got to look back a little bit at the third quarter before we go to Q4. Weather definitely cooperated in the third quarter. Volumes were obviously double-digit. But the big jump in volume was a combination of pent-up demand from the first half of the year, easy comps from last year, and then importantly strong and growing public demand and improving non-residential demand. Now, Q4 weather last year was very good, so tough comps in Q4. You know, we predict 3% volume growth for the full year. With the exception of single-family construction, we see demand in other sectors getting better. I would tell you that October supported the full-year guide of 3%. But, Ryan, why don't you talk a little bit about 26%.

Yeah, Tom, thanks. You know, as Tom said, I think single-family will continue to be challenging until we get some of the affordability issues behind us. Public is quite strong. And as we look into public in 2026, we'll continue to see improved funding. And I think the more mature DOT execution from the states to get that money put in play. On the private non-res side, you know, our starts have been positive in our markets for the previous six months. And as we look internally, our bidding activity, our bookings, and our backlog really support demand growth as we go into next year. Perfect. Thanks, guys. Thank you.

Thank you. We'll go next now to Gareth Schmoys at Lube Capital.

Oh, hi, thanks, and congrats. to you both on your new roles moving forward. I wanted to ask just on the pricing, both the growth in the quarter and your confidence in the outlook in 26, it ticked down sequentially. Is there anything specific driving that? And how should we think about pricing a little bit more detail into 2026?

Yeah, good morning. I would call pricing as expected. You know, 5%, 150 base points of mix in there, which we talked about last quarter. Obviously, acquisitions have been a drag on prices, but pricing in those markets continues to improve, I'd call it as planned. In the quarter, we had 20% more base driven by really good highway work and data centers. And while base is lower price, it's also lower cost, so we kept our unit margin momentum. I'm very pleased with our ability to take that price to the bottom line and then some, as you saw costs go down in the quarter. And if you're looking forward, I think growing highway demand and improvements in non-res will support higher prices and unit margins in 26. But Ronnie, why don't you talk a little bit about 26?

Yeah, Tom's correct. I mean, improving demand in public and private non-res will definitely support 26 pricing. And we sent out our letters in September for effective January 1. So we're in the middle of having those conversations now. I've been encouraged with those conversations. And that's really all around the fixed plants, 40% of our business. On the bid work, our trailing three-month backlog prices are showing acceleration. And most of that work will ship in next year. And so still work to be done. But this, coupled with our operating performance, should still provide us with continued superior unit margin growth over historical norms.

Thank you. We'll go next now to Brian Brophy at Stiefel.

Hey, this is Andrew on for Brian. Thank you for taking my question. I had a question about the unit costs down 2% in the quarter. How much of that was Vulcan way of operating versus lower inflation versus volume benefits? And then additionally, as you're looking at next year, do you have any preliminary thoughts on how you're thinking about inflation or the cost piece into 2026 following such a phenomenal year this year? Thanks.

Yeah, short answer, we've got no relief on inflation. I mean, no prices have come down. They're not going up as fast. But I would really point it to the Vulcan Wave operating, if you look at the whole year. I'm very pleased with the operator's performance in our 2025 cost. In the quarter and the year, we're seeing improved operating efficiencies, but still early innings of Vulcan Wave operating. And remember, in the first half of the year, we had weather issues. We had volume issues that actually hurt costs. But Ronnie and his team were still able to keep the costs down. In Q3, we probably had some tailwinds from efficiencies, volume, and more base sales. I think Ronnie and his operators have worked very hard at the Vulcan way of operating, and he should be pleased with his performance.

Yeah, thanks, Tom. And I know our operators will appreciate those comments. First and foremost, our safety performance is really good, and it's continuing to improve. So when I look at our disciplines and our investment in technology, they're working. And that's the Vulcan way of operating. There's still improvement ahead, and so we'll continue to focus on those disciplines as we get into 26. But I've got confidence in our people and our processes and our disciplines and our technology. And I think it'll be exciting to watch the Vulcan way of operating as we continue to go. selling and as far as growing our margins, and I think our margin growth will continue to be even more dependable in the future.

Great. Thank you. Thank you. We'll go next now to Anthony Pedinari at Citi.

Hi, this is Asher Sonnen on for Anthony. Thanks for taking my question and congratulations all around. You guys talked about stronger backlogs, but I was wondering if you could maybe walk through some of your key geographies and what you're seeing there on an individual or regional basis.

Actually, it's pretty widespread. I can't think of any that are down at this point. Probably the healthiest is going to be the southeast, which is a benefit for us because that's probably where the higher unit margins are. But we've really seen a turn in the non-res side of the business. Data centers have helped that. And a really strong growth in public demand. And I think that growth continues to accelerate for the next two or three years. So, you know, a good story. Obviously, single family is still a drag for us and probably will be for a while. Hopefully that turns next year. But in the meantime, the other sectors are taking up for that.

Great. Thanks. I'll turn it over.

Thank you. We'll go next now to Catherine Thompson with Thompson Research Group.

Hi, Catherine. Hi. Good morning, and thank you for taking my question today. First off, Tom, it's been a pleasure working with you over the years. We look forward to keeping up with you and Ronnie. We go back a couple of companies, and congratulations on starting in CEO role in January.

Thank you. Um, thank you.

Yep. So, um, can I look at Ford? You, you had did a great job of shaping a portfolio, uh, as was highlighted in the quarter you just reported. Um, how are you thinking about what fits in your portfolio and maybe what may not, or who may be a better owner and can you approach it from thinking about from either a product type? which was we saw this quarter, or a geographic focus. So just maybe thinking bigger picture about kind of how you're thinking about that portfolio shaping going forward. Thanks very much.

Yeah, Catherine, this is Ronnie. I'll take that question. You know, I'm continuing to be really pleased with the downstream business that we have. You know, in the asphalt business, you know, those businesses are really heavily affected influenced by the public funding and the strength in public funding. And so we're going to continue to focus on, one, safety as well as our financial performance. And we talk about the concrete and the divestiture that we announced this week. I mean, that's our strategy. We said early on when we bought Superior that we were going to evaluate that business and we would decide whether that was a business that we wanted to be in long term. We continue to see challenges on the private side in California. And so we thought the acquirers, it was a business that was going to be more valuable to them. I'll remind you that since the acquisition of US Concrete, we now only have a couple of plants left in the Virginia DC area that are integrated with a very successful Vulcan legacy concrete business. But we've also retained all those aggregates. So it complements our strategy of being aggregate led. And we're going to keep the expertise of both the asphalt and the concrete business. So if those businesses, as we look in the future, and M&A presents those to us, we're not scared of that. But it's going to continue to be aggregate-led, and I think that's our strategy, and you'll see us continue to be focused heavily on those aggregate-led businesses.

Thank you so much, and good luck.

Thank you. Thank you. We'll go next now to Phil Ng with Jefferies.

Hey, good morning, guys. This is Jesse on for Phil. Congrats to Tom and Ronnie. Just real quick, on M&A, can you just kind of help us how you're thinking about the pipeline? You obviously will have quite a bit of dry powder given where your leverage is in posted divestitures. Just any geographies that you're particularly targeting. Thanks.

Yeah, this is Ronnie. I would tell you, one, we have a number of greenfields that are still in process. And greenfields for us is a strategy of growth. It takes time. Those will be timed with both market driven as well as the timing of permits. And so we still have that going. When we talk about M&A opportunities, it's been a quiet year. We continually have a really good list of targets out there. But the timing of those targets are really driven twofold, one by the seller and their readiness, and then also by the market conditions. And so I would tell you M&A this year is not surprising to us. We knew through, you know, some of the uncertainties with tariffs and other pauses in the interest rates that M&A was going to be paused. But I can assure you that we're still very active. We have a really strong list, and those M&A opportunities are going to continue to be aggregate-led.

Great. Thanks. I'll turn it over. We'll go next now to Keith Hughes with Truist.

Thank you. Congratulations, Tom, on a tremendous run here. I do have a question for Ronnie. You had talked about 26, kind of from a high level of continuing this just wonderful run of cash growth profit for time. Just from a general level, from what you know today in the market, will we see something similar to the last couple years? with the numbers you've been putting up and what could potentially take that higher?

What was the last part of that, Keith?

And what would take it higher? What kind of things would you need to see something that would set even better than what we've seen the last couple of years?

Look, we're coming off three years of muted demand in our markets. And so what we've been able to accomplish over the last three years with growing our cash gross profit has been twofold. One, the inflationary stuff helped our pricing early on. And this year, we've had some momentum on the cost side of our business. And so, as we said earlier, demand is going to help. Some recovery in demand is going to help our pricing story, and we look forward to that. But the bulk way of operating and the bulk way of selling both support that from a cost side as well as a commercial side. And so, I would tell you, as I said earlier in my comments, I think our cash gross profit will continue above historical norms. And I think both sides of it, the cost and the commercial efforts, will play a role into that. But some demand will definitely help the pricing side of our story.

Okay, great. Thank you.

Thank you.

We'll go next now to Brent Thielman at D.A. Davidson.

Hey, thanks. Congrats to all the team as well. I guess the two-part question, I guess just in terms of thinking about that mid-single-digit price growth in 2026, part of the question is just is that consistent with the annual price increases you're planning for next year? And then the other thing I was wondering is just around that, how much sort of volume do you bring into 2026 from acquisitions that sort of lack of a better word, underpriced, and you're pushing towards that Vulcan way of sort of selling.

Yeah, I would tell you the five and a half to mid single digit is a combination of what we're seeing, both with our backlog as we go into the year, so our bidding work, which accounts for about 60%, as well as the announced letters that we have out with our fixed plants, which is about 40% of our business. And so those conversations, like I said, are happening now. Those letters were sent out in September of Those fixed plant increases will go into effect in January. When I look overall at how that is going to shape up, I think our backlogs, and I said on a trading three months, our bookings prices have been accelerating. It's a combination of that bid work and what opportunities we're seeing, especially around the private non-res side. as well as we still need some help on single family. And so I feel good about our pricing going into next year. I think there's opportunities on both sides, on the public and private side. But that's where we're at. I think those conversations are going well. As far as acquired volumes, I think it's about 10 million tons of acquired volume coming out of last year, which was both Wake and Superior. And so as we've said before, You know, it's taken us time. We're on that campaign. It's going as expected as far as North Carolina goes. And so, you know, I would anticipate that gap being made up with our normal Vulcan markets and what we're seeing in Raleigh, that gap will continue to be made up over the, you know, over the next 12 months.

Very good. Thank you.

Thank you.

We'll get next now to Stephen Fisher with UBS.

Thanks. Congrats, Tom and Ronnie. Just first a clarification. Have you changed your pricing expectation for the full year of 2025? Not sure if I missed that. And then the volumes, the 1% reduction, is that basically just single family? And within your 26 outlook, are you starting, if it is single family affecting 25, do you assume that sort of that's still a drag on the first part of 26 and then a more accelerating part of the second half. I know it's still early, but just curious how you're seeing those dynamics.

Yeah, so on pricing, I would call fourth quarter probably very similar to third quarter as we continue to enjoy the big base volumes. Like I said, while they are at lower price, they're also at lower cost and very good margins. So happy to have that work with the data centers and the big highway work. If you look at If you look at non-res going forward, I think it continues to grow. Public is very good. I think we probably see headwinds from res for a while, but it probably, you know, starting to bottom sometime in 26.

Okay. Thank you. We'll go next now to Angel Castillo at Morgan Stanley.

Thanks, and good morning, everyone. Ronnie, Tom, I echo everyone's congratulations and well wishes. and looking forward to working with you ronnie thank you maybe just uh you're welcome just regarding your recording activity and projects pipeline um the acceleration you talked about i was wondering if you could kind of dive a little deeper into that maybe just kind of a starting point just putting a finer point on the magnitude of what you saw in october versus perhaps 3q levels i know you've given kind of last few months but just if we could kind of split that up and And maybe if you could expand also just on what's driving or what you think is driving kind of the acceleration here in activity. The reason I ask is because I feel like we've kind of heard about project backlogs and quoting activity being robust the last couple of years and conversion rates and delays and shipments have kind of disappointed a little bit. I'm trying to understand, I guess, what gives us confidence that something has changed that will result in the letting of projects moving faster. And within private, if you could expand a bit more, are you seeing it happen outside of data centers and semiconductors as well, or is it primarily just those two?

Yeah, so look, we talked some in the first part of the year about projects, pricing projects and them kind of getting postponed or push the pause button. We're not seeing that anymore. In fact, we've seen a lot of those projects actually go at supporting growth in our backlogs. We're pretty sure it's going to happen. It's very rare that once we put them in there that projects don't go. So I have very good confidence that our backlogs will be shipped and that growth will support growth as we look at 2026. I think that if you look forward, I think the non-residential continues to grow. Ron, why don't you talk a little bit about kind of volume drivers in 2026 and the momentum we carry into that?

Yeah, I mean, when I look at starts on the private non-res side, as Thomas said, in bulk and served markets, in September on a trailing six-month, we're up 7%. Trading three, we're up eight. And so that momentum continues. As I look at the sub-segments of our private non-res, Office data, stores and warehouses, institutional are all up. And our quoting activity and our bidding are on the same trajectory. And so as we look at it, I mean, there is a lot of data center work out there. That subcategory itself is up 26%. But we've also booked two LNG projects. We've booked a couple of manufacturing projects. We've booked some retail. And so it's a combination. Data centers has definitely been a very good tailwind for us. But there's other sectors within the private non-res that also give us confidence as we look in 2026.

Yeah, I would tell you that I think that as Ronnie and Mary Andrews, as we all look at 2026, pretty good confidence we'll see volume growth. The public side, I can't tell you how strong the public side is. It's very, very good. We've seen the turn. We think in non-res, data centers is bigger than what we thought it was going to be. We think warehouses is now probably turning to growth in most of our markets. So, you know, as we talk a lot about single family, it's still a headwind, but I think it continues to probably, it will get better as we march through next year. So I think our confidence level, that's pretty good. Very helpful. Thank you.

We'll go next now to David McGregor at Longbow Research.

Hey, good morning. This is Joe Nolan on for David. Congrats on a nice quarter. Thank you. I was just wondering, on public infrastructure, slide five shows a nice acceleration in contract awards. I was just hoping you could break it down in some of your key markets and give any detail on how fiscal year 2060 OT budgets look there.

Yeah, I would tell you, our market is very widespread. The public side, I can't underscore it. It's good and getting better. Remember, we're in year four of IIJA, and it took two years to really get that started, which frustrated everyone. including us, but as expected. So now we're seeing the state DOTs mature into substantially increased federal and state funding. All of our top 10 DOTs are all up for fiscal year 26. Treading 12-month highway starts, as we said, are up 17% in Vulcan states and 5% in other states, so we are where the DOTs are growing. I think, simply put, the DOTs are putting that money to work now, and they continue to get better at it. And remember, only 40% of the IAJ funds have been spent, so there's a long tail to this past 26.

Yeah, and I think, as Tom said, that those funds will carry us well into the 26 and 27 and beyond. And I would tell you there's three rules around reauthorization. One, it never happens on time. Two, it will happen. And three, it's historically always been larger than the bill before. And so we're anticipating that. We think public will continue to remain strong. And if you think about the infrastructure of the country, we've still got a lot of work to do. And so we're happy with where we're at on the public side. And we think it's going to continue strong in the future.

Okay. Very encouraging. Thanks. I'll pass it on.

We'll go next now to Michael Dudas at Vertical Research.

Michael, we can't hear you.

Michael, you might be on mute. We cannot hear you right now. And we'll circle back around to Michael. We'll go next now to Adrian Herta at JPMorgan.

Thank you. Hi, Tom. Congrats and best wishes. It was a pleasure to work with you all these years. My pleasure. And welcome, Ronnie. And welcome, Ronnie. I've known you for a few years since U.S. Concrete, and I'm sure you're going to deliver very good results as well. Thank you. Quick question on the cost. It's been quite impressive what you guys have been doing on the cost per ton side over the last couple of quarters. I think you mentioned that you're still in the early innings on many of these measures that you're taking. Can you give us a sense on the action being taken and for how many more quarters we can see very good performance on cost as we have seen in the last few quarters?

Yeah, thank you for the question. I would tell you we're still in the early innings, and we've talked about, you know, VolcanWave operating, you know, the technology investment is complete within our top 127 plants, which represents over 70% of our production as a company. You know, where we're at today is really in the final stages of the human behavioral side, and so we have a lot of training going on with our plant operators using the tools, the process intelligence, the scheduling systems with our labor focus. And so my anticipation is we've got a long ways to go, but it's really exciting to watch. And I would tell you that as I look at what's transpired this year and what we're forecasting for next year, these tools, these investments we've made, and the processes that we go through around our operations and focusing on our critical critical size production and the yield on that and in the labor side labor savings i think we've got a lot of room and i'm excited about it and i think more importantly our operators are the ones that are driving this and so a lot more to come but i would tell you my anticipation is 26 is going to be even more momentum than it was in 25. i would say that it's not just a quarter thing this is years of of of marching forward with operating efficiency improvements

I think that Ronnie and his team, as I said earlier, should be very proud of their performance this year. And, yeah, they got help from weather and volume in Q3, but they did not in Q1 and Q2. In fact, you know, surprisingly how good the cost was given the conditions. But I think they have years of improvement ahead of them. Great. Congrats. Thanks, Tom and Ronnie.

Sure. Thank you. We'll go next now to Ivan Yee at Wolf Research.

Yes, good morning. First, congrats to Tom and Ronnie. Thank you. I just want to go back to the aggregate pricing again. Price per ton in 3Q was the smallest in a few years, and I get that there's some negative mix in there, but why is the year-over-year growth decelerated in recent quarters? It had been double digits, and now you're guiding to 5% in 26. Just some color there. Thank you.

Yeah, I think that a couple of things there. Obviously, we had headwinds from acquisitions. In the first part of the year, we had headwinds from lower volumes in the southeast driven by weather. That got back more normal in Q3. But you're sitting here on three years of negative volume, and that does put some pressures on price. So we're kind of probably at a low point. I believe that The continued acceleration in public and now visibility to the private non-res going up really helps our conversations for pricing and our backlog pricing as we look into 26. Ronnie, call that out that we've put out the January 1 price increases. We're having those conversations. They're going well. But importantly, before that, over the last year, few months, we're seeing acceleration in our backlog pricing, which is a very good foreshadowing for what's going to happen in 2026.

Thank you.

Thank you. We'll go next now to Michael Dudas at Vertical Research.

Yeah, I hope the mute's off here. Good morning, Mary Ann and Ronnie and Tom. Good to hear from you. Yeah, congrats to Tom and Ronnie. Also congrats to Mary Andrews for the great cash generation and the great cash flow numbers you've been putting up here. So congrats to all. Maybe just as we get close to wrap up here for Ronnie, as you look into your tenure here for the next several years, maybe even a decade or so, as you look out maybe past 2026, How much different or not will Vulcan look like and do you see the sense of the industry fundamentals and where we are and given what you're seeing from competitors and from clients that this type of growth and sustainability and volume pricing and certainly profit per ton growth is sustainable over the next several years?

Yeah, great question. I mean, I think if you look out past 26, 27, 28 in the future, Vulcan's going to look very similar. And I would tell you we're going to continue to be led by our strategy around enhancing our core, which is really investing in, continuing to invest in Vulcan of operating and Vulcan of selling, which is going to really complement our margin growth. And it gives us confidence in that margin growth with those tools that we've invested in. And then on the strategic side, when we talk about expanding our reach, we're going to stay aggregate focused. And, you know, both within the markets that we serve and building the franchise that we have, and also as we look at geographical expansion, it's still going to be an aggregate-led company. And so I wouldn't tell you that, you know, as you look in the future, you're going to see anything different than what Vulcan has continued to execute on. Those growth opportunities will be there, and we'll be right in the middle of it, but we're going to be very disciplined on that. you know, what we look like and how we, you know, what those businesses are going to be led by is always going to be aggregates.

Thank you, Ronnie. Thank you. And gentlemen, it appears we have no further questions this morning. Mr. Hill, I'll turn things back to you, sir, for any closing comments.

Thank you, and thank you all for your time this morning. As I step back and look at Vulcan's future, I feel both pride and excitement. Vulcan has fantastic talent and bench strength throughout the organization, and particularly in leadership. Ronnie and Mary Andrews and their teams are seasoned, talented industry experts who are armed with a superior set of tools and disciplines embedded in the Vulcan way of selling and the Vulcan way of operating. Putting that together with our continuous improvement culture will take Vulcans to remarkable heights. I'm very proud to have represented the men and women of Vulcan, and I look forward to supporting Ronnie and Mary Andrews in the future. Thank you all for your interest in Vulcan and your friendships. Keep you and your families safe and healthy. Thank you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Hill. Again, ladies and gentlemen, that will conclude today's Vulcan Materials Company earnings conference call. Again, thanks so much for joining us, everyone, and we wish you all a great day. Goodbye.