Ajinomoto Co Inc

Good evening, everyone. Thank you very much for taking a precious time to attend Ajinomoto's fiscal 2025 first half earnings call. We thank you very much for your time this afternoon. I am Kaji of the IR office. I'll be serving as moderator. Let me first introduce the participants from the company. We have representative executive officer, president and CEO, Mr. Nakamura. Representative executive officer and executive vice president, Mr. Shiragami. Executive Officer and Senior Vice President, General Manager, Corporate Division, Mr. Sasaki. Executive Officer, Senior Vice President, General Manager, Food Products Division, Mr. Masai. Executive Officer, Senior Vice President, General Manager, Bio and Fine Chemicals Division, Mr. Maeda. Executive Officer and Vice President, in charge of Finance and Investor Relations, Mr. Mizutani. Executive Officer, Vice President of Supervision of Frozen Foods, Mr. Kawano. Executive Officer in Charge of Diversity in IHR, Ms. Kayahara. Corporate Executive General Manager, Biopharma Services Department, Bio and Fine Chemicals Division, Mr. Otake. Nine members from the company are present today. For today, at the outset, Mr. Nakamura will explain the overview of the first half results for the year ending March 26, and also the corporate value enhancement initiatives, after which we would like to move on to the Q&A session. We expect to finish the entire meeting in about one hour and 30 minutes. The materials to be used for today's presentation is already posted on the IR information site of our corporate homepage. Please look at them as adequate. Please be advised that this session will be recorded, including all the way to the Q&A session, to be posted on the company's IR site later. Now, without further ado, we would like to begin the meeting. Mr. Nakamura, the floor is yours.

Now, I myself, Nakamura, I will make presentation. What I would like to talk about is two points. All sales and business profit in first half of FY2035 remained at the level of previous year. While progress toward the full year plan is slightly behind schedule, we are quickly addressing the issues faced in Q2 FY2035 and aim to steadily achieve our forecast for FY2025. In our efforts for further growth and evolution of ASV initiatives, we have identified issues, set out a direction for actions, and worked out concrete strategies. We will evolve our activities to achieve the 2030 roadmap and will tackle the creation of innovation to achieve sustainable growth over the medium to long term. This slide presents a digest of first half of financial results of FY2035 sales was 738.8 billion yen, nearly unchanged year-on-year. Revenue increased in healthcare and others with the impact of the sale of althea excluded as well as in seasonings and foods but decreased in frozen foods. Business profit was 86.7 billion yen, nearly unchanged from the previous year. Profit attributable to owners of the parent company increased 2% from the previous year. We are thoroughly committed to achieving bottom-line profit as well. This slide shows an analysis of the changes in the business profit in the first half of FY2025 and of FY2024. The change in GP due to changes in sales decreased by 2 billion yen due to decreased revenue. The change in GP due to change in GP margin in both the food and healthcare and other businesses contributed to improvement of the GDP margin and GDP increased by 10 billion yen overall. In line with our 2030 roadmap strategy, we'll firmly control SG&A expenses while undertaking investments aimed at future sustainable growth. This slide shows a year-on-year analysis of changes in business profit by segment for the first half. For reference, at the bottom of the slide is analysis of changes for the full-year forecast from the previous year's results. In the first half, profit decreased in seasonings and food and the frozen foods businesses. Profit increased in the healthcare and other businesses. While progress appears to be lagging versus the four-year forecast, we expect an increase in profit in the second half. Looking closely at the two businesses where profit decreased, the seasonings and foods was affected primarily by a profit decline, umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers, and oversupply in the market due to increased production and new entry by major Chinese manufacturers. In the frozen food business, key reasons for the decrease were the inability of home-use frozen foods in Japan to fully meet the diversifying needs of consumers, and the loss of mainstay product market share to private brands, etc., following price increases with the result of sluggish sales. Later slides will look at the current situation and our comeback strategy. In healthcare and others, business profit increased significantly in functional materials. Profit also increased in biopharma services and ingredients. This slide shows our forecast for FY2025. Due to the shift of promotional activities for frozen foods in North America to the second half and expectation of a significant profit increase for CDMO business in the second half, sales and profits are projected to rise in the second half. In umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers and frozen foods in Japan, as areas in which progress is behind schedule will act agilely to recover sales and profit in the second half. At the same time, amid positive market conditions, both sales and business profit in the functional materials grew to 120% of the previous year's levels in the first half. We will continue to accelerate growth in the second half. We aim to achieve our forecast for the group overall. This slide shows progress toward ASV indicators of the 2030 roadmap in the first half of FY2025. The organic growth rate remained 1.9%, but EBITDA margin steadily grew to 17.5%. These are the ASV indicators for each segment. This slide breaks down sales into volume and unit prices for sauces and seasonings and quick nourishment both in Japan and overseas with an analysis of change in business profit. Sales in Japan in the first half were 107% and volume was 94% and unit price was 113%. Within this, sales of coffee grew to 120% versus the previous year due to price increases despite a decrease in volume. Consumer frugality increased and second quarter was also affected by extremely hot weather, but sales of food products in Japan, excluding coffee, exceeded last year's results, achieving 101% in overall sales, with volume at 99% and unit price at 102%. responding to high raw material costs and the weekend with price increases. Overseas sales increased to 103% versus the previous year. Volume remained flat while unit prices rose to 103%. Volume in sauce and seasonings achieved low single-digit percentage growth. In addition to umami and flavor seasonings, both exceeding last year's levels in terms of volume and unit price, we achieved solid growth for menu-specific seasonings. We realized unit price growth not only through price increases but also by increased sales of high-value added products. On the other hand, RTD coffee, sensitive to economic trends, saw a decline in volume. Industrial expenses, we focused investing in advertising to enhance our future brand value. As a result, business profit increased by 2.5 billion yen, coming close to our full year forecast of 3 billion yen. Now I will look at results by sub-segment, beginning with combined overseas and Japanese results for the sauce and seasonings business. This business, a cornerstone of our group, is resistant to changes in the macroeconomic environment and is steadily growing sales. Business profit margin fluctuated significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the FI 2022 fell to the level of 10 years earlier due to soaring raw materials prices. Due to initiatives such as repeated price increases and increased sales of high-value added menu-specific seasonings and also introduction of new products, business profit margin in the first half of FY2025 exceeded that in FY2019, which was before the pandemic. We will continue working to increase sales and profit margin to support the stable growth of food products business. This slide looks at umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers. In the first half, revenue and profit decreased in MSG and nucleotides. This was mainly due to post-increased production and new market entry by major Chinese manufacturers, leading to oversupply in the market. This business has suffered drops in profit in the past due to increased production by competitors and high prices of raw materials and fuels. We see the decrease in revenue and profit shown here as Originating in a cyclical phase, not a change in business structure, we believe we can restore a business foundation that generates stable profits. Umami Seasonings for Processed Food Manufacturers is an important business that supplies main ingredients for B2C seasonings. In April of this year, we established the MSG Business Collaboration Promotion Department as part of our food products business orchestration and further strengthened the linkage between B2B and B2C. By centralizing the management of B2B and B2C businesses to optimize company-wide operations, MSG Business aims to achieve sustainable growth and maximize profitability. We also actively engage in protecting our intellectual property, including filing lawsuits against infringement of our MSG manufacturing patent, an intangible asset of our group, to maintain our competitive advantage. We also use our proprietary technologies to enhance productivity and cause competitiveness. With these measures, we will secure our competitiveness and advantageous position to grow continually. Next, the frozen foods. The issue in frozen foods in Japan is sluggish sales of home-use products. Strong performance continues in restaurant and industrial-use products, for which we have narrowed our product strategy targets and channels, as well as in the AET frozen lunchbox within D2C services that meet niche consumer needs. In particular, AET is expected to achieve goals with annual sales projected to reach billions of yen. However, our home-use products, which enjoy strength in mass production, have been slow to fully meet the diverse needs of consumers. Following price increases, our mainstay Gyoza products lost over 10 percentage points of market share, primarily to private brands. Amid increasing consumer frugality driven by rising living costs, since September, We have been revising our pricing strategy under awareness that we have not been providing products at prices that meet the needs for cost-effectiveness. Results have quickly become apparent. In September alone, following a strategy revision, we regained the top share with an increase of over 2 percentage points. By recovering market share, we will further increase points of contact with consumers to enhance corporate value for the Ajinomoto brand. In our mainstay Gyoza products next spring, we'll introduce revised products intended to balance product strengths with profitability. We'll work to recover, share and strengthen our profit structure. In the medium to long term, we'll reinforce the consumer perspective for Gyoza and for home use products as a whole, expand a new line-up of products with those that meet consumer needs and revitalize the business. Heading toward 2030, this business will contribute to the growth of the food products business by increasing sales to a CAGR of about 3% and business profit to about 7%. This slide deals with frozen foods in North America. In the first half, both sales and profit declined year-on-year, even on a local currency basis. The main factors are transient, the U.S. tariff policy, and a timing shift in customer sales promotions to the second half. We believe that we will be able to grow sales and profit in the second half. North American frozen foods is essentially a local production for local consumption business. However, some products are imported from group companies in China and have been affected by higher tariff rates. We have already responded with price revisions to these products and believe that we can improve profitability in the second half. Performance was also affected by the fact that sales provisions in large-scale distribution channels carried out in the second half of the previous fiscal year were not carried out in the first half of the current fiscal year and are planned to be carried out in the second half. The North American business structure has evolved into a stable one with structural reform and initiatives to expand TTC margins. while quarterly fluctuations may occur, will solidly expand the business throughout the year and in the medium to long term. Previous slides looked at current status of the food products business and action taken. We recognize that in the first half, we faced the issues in the frozen foods in Japan and umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers, who strictly manage these areas. As CEO, I recognize the importance of properly assessing the true nature of the issues, in addition to a return to growth Through actions to address frozen food business in Japan and umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers, we'll achieve steady volume growth in the food products business overseas, and with the recovery of profit margin to the pre-pandemic level in the food products business in Japan, we'll work to achieve the 2030 roadmap.

Next, about the healthcare and other segment, I'll begin with functional materials. In the first fiscal 25, there was no change in the environment, i.e., the strong sales for IR servers, the recovery of PCs, and general purpose services continued from 2024. Both sales and business profit grew year-on-year in excess of our expectations. Assuming no major changes in the environment, we expect to maintain strong momentum in the second half as well, sustaining a trend from the first half. We will grow to work to grow our functional materials business, including in areas peripheral to the Ajinomoto build-up film, by solidly fulfilling our responsibility to supply and meet demand, by undertaking next-generation and next-generation development within the ecosystem with the end-users included. This shows the current status of biopharma services, CDMO, by geographic area. Europe continues to perform well. India is also receiving many recoveries and contributing to profit. There's no change in the status of orders, and we expect this momentum will continue in the second half. The results for Agiface in Japan are below the previous fiscal year. This is due to the shipments being moved back compared to the previous fiscal year when shipments were concentrated in the second quarter. However, the progress vis-à-vis the full-year target remains unchanged. In the second half, we expect growth in agiface shipments and agicap to make a profit contribution. In North America, FORGE is performing well. And I'll explain the details in the next slide. This slide is about FORGE, the North American gene therapy CDMO that we acquired in 2023. Within the advanced medical care field of gene therapy, FORGE has won the trust of customers and increasing its sales on the strength of its proprietary technologies. Projects are also focusing smoothly as sales grow dramatically and customers steadily increasing. The number of projects that have obtained IND approval, that is the US FDA approval for the start of new drug clinical trials, has also increased significantly following our acquisition. There are also projects aiming for early commercialization. Funds to cover the expenses of preparing for commercialization, which are scheduled for next year or later, are being used earlier than planned. While this will weigh down short-term profit, we will pay these expenses ahead of schedule as investments to accelerate future growth and will aim for early commercialization. We will work to achieve the target of a positive EBITDA during the current fiscal year by doing our best to absorb these upfront costs through increased sales. And Mr. Otake, who is a member of the forge management and well-versed in on-site operation, is present today, so we welcome your questions. AgiCap is a proprietary antibody conjugate ADC technology based on amino science. Our ADC drug discovery support services and manufacturing adopt an asset-light business model centered on AgiCap technology licensing. Last month, we signed two new AgiCap technical license agreements. One of these is with an undisclosed overseas companies, and the other is with Astellas Pharma Inc. And we will continue to conclude new license agreements with companies in Japan and overseas with both major and venture enterprises, and will contribute to develop AgiCap as a growth driver. With the aim of maintaining financial soundness and maximizing capital efficiency from 2025, we are changing our fiscal discipline indicator from previously net DE ratio to now net interest-bearing debt over EBITDA ratio. We will continue to keep our financial leverage at an appropriate level, one that can contribute to organic growth and capital efficiency. Operating cash flow in the first half fiscal 2025 was 93.2 billion yen, about 11.5 billion yen higher than the first half of 2024. We will continually strive to improve our cash generation capability. As reported in our recent release on the construction of a new factory in the Philippines, We will steadily invest to grow organically, and we will also proactively invest in intangible assets that can create innovation. These are the key management indicators of our mid-term ASV management 2030 roadmap. We will aim to steadily achieve the guidance for fiscal 2025. Based on our foundation of sustainable business growth, we are working to further strengthen our cash generation capabilities or our earnings power. Building upon these achievements, we are promoting resource allocation with a focus on capital efficiency in line with our roadmap. To further improve capital efficiency, we are actively implementing shareholder returns and striving to enhance our corporate value. In addition, we remain committed to achieving the goals set out in our roadmap of tripling EPS in 2030 compared to the 2022 level, and we will continue to make steady progress towards this target. Based on this approach, in addition to the 100 billion yen share buyback announced on May 8th, We are pleased to announce a new share-buy-back program of 80 billion yen, with the acquisition period starting from December 1st and end until November 2026. Going forward, we will continue to enhance shareholder returns as we strive to further improve capital efficiency. From this slide, I would like to talk about the progress of our initiatives aimed at further growth of the Ajinomoto Group and the evolution of ASV initiatives. After I took office as CEO, we implemented a 60-day program from April to address the issues identified through cross-SWOT analysis and constructed a framework for identifying management issues and clarifying the responsibility and what actions to take. The outcome was that we were able to lay the groundwork for change. Since July, we have discussed concrete strategies and actions based on this framework in what is called the Ajinomoto Group Executive Seminar, or AGES, with a focus on executive training for all executive officers, corporate executives, and corporate fellows. And the content of this is described on the next page onwards. At the AGES meeting, we discussed seven topics. We first focused on the creation of the new businesses that will drive our mid- to long-term growth, and we discussed concrete strategies and actions in four key areas, healthcare, food, and wellness, ICT, and green. In the future, we will deepen discussions from the angle of three Cs, continuity, change, and challenges. I recognize that creating new businesses that comes after ABF is my duty as CEO, and I will establish an R&D budget that we can flexibly utilize, and I will leverage my experience of commercialization ABF to nurture the seeds of new businesses. At the AGS, in addition to the four topics that I mentioned, we discussed three other topics aimed at maximizing management resources, strengthening corporate brands, strengthening global management structures, strengthening data-driven management. For example, with respect to strengthening corporate brand, we examined the ways to increase brand value, and so that it can lead to business expansion, taking into account the different conditions in each market and regions. Furthermore, to strengthen data-driven management, we will further promote the advancement of management through the utilization of data. We will confirm our progress on these topics at the executive committee meetings and lead it to actions. Our group will work as one to increase our corporate value. The Ajinomoto Group is working steadily to achieve a 2030 roadmap by evolving our ASV initiatives while making regular course corrections to our medium- to long-term plans and group-wide strategies aimed at addressing the management issues. Also, drawing on the discussions at the AGES meetings, We plan to begin discussions of our long-term vision during the current fiscal year, which is one of the seven important management matters for the Board of Directors, and we'll make those discussions on the starting point for the post-2030 by looking at our strategy for achieving a 2030 roadmap with the post-2030 plan, and by agilely making course with corrections, we will drive innovation and endeavor to create new businesses that can come after ABF. Here, I intend to demonstrate the leadership as positive energizers promoting this linkage. Next, about our human assets. Human assets are the most important intangible assets for the Ajinomoto Group. We are currently in the phase of strengthening our ability to plan and execute. The evolution of our human assets organization and corporate culture is vital in supporting this. During the time of former CEO Fujii, we broke down the silos in Japan and achieved growth for the group. During my time, we will advance global integration and aim for further growth. Towards this end, we will appoint diverse human resources, regardless of gender or region, to overseas assignments or key positions. We will also develop career paths that cut across business departments, such as food products and bio- and fine chemicals, and functional departments, such as technologies and sales, to achieve further diversity. Evolution into a truly global company That is the future that I envision for Ajinomoto Group. The preliminary scores for the 2025 engagement surveys are shown here. For ASV realization process, there were increases in every category, a two-point increase from the previous fiscal year to 78 points. The score of empathy for our purpose rose to 94 because of the activities to promote empathy with our philosophy, which tied the purpose of individual employees to the Ajinomoto Group's purpose, contributing to the well-being of all human beings, our society, our planet with amino science. We see this increase as an indication that activities are steadily taking root throughout the group. The score of enhancement of productivity, which has been an issue, improved by 9 points to 28. Although the score remains low, we added a new question this fiscal year. I believe the unnecessary approvals are kept to a minimum in my daily work when making decisions. This question received a favorable response score of 78. While there are still many approvals required before decisions are made, we have confirmed that a certain number of employees do not necessarily perceive these approvals as unnecessary. We will continue to analyze the engagement survey and work towards further improvement. Innovation for the future is created by our human assets. Through the creation of ASV, we will strengthen our human assets and aim to become a company that can continue to create new innovation. This is the last message for myself. Even in uncertain environment, we will properly recognize change, respond quickly, and aim to achieve our 2025 guidance. in a steadfast fashion. We will endeavor to achieve the 2030 roadmap ahead of schedule through sustained growth in the food product business and dramatic growth in the healthcare and others business, always maintaining a healthy sense of urgency. Aiming for growth beyond the 2030 roadmap, we will further enhance corporate value by creating concrete strategies for realizing a vision and by sustainably driving new innovations. I believe that creating new innovation is my duty as CEO. The assumption that the present state will continue is the most dangerous thing that we could do. By always maintaining a healthy sense of urgency, we will sustainably grow the group. That's all for myself. Thank you very much for your attention.

Thank you very much, Ms. Nakamura. I'd like to move to the Q&A session. So first, let me explain how to ask questions. If you have any questions, in the screen, please push raise hands button, and then we'll call upon your names. And your names are called. Please unmute yourself and speak up. And those who are participating from overseas through English webinar, you can ask questions as well, and answers will be provided with simultaneous interpretation. And please limit the questions to two per person at a time. I'd like to ask for your kind cooperation. If there are too many people who would like to ask questions, we may not be able to cover all the people in this webinar. So I'd like to ask for your kind understanding. Now let's get started. If you have any questions, please push the raise your hands button. The first question, Saji-san from Mizuho Securities. Thank you. On page 38, the four-year segment numbers, how to look at this. In first half, so it was flat mostly, and the four-year forecast has remained unchanged. So you are expecting a significant increase in second half. As for CDMO, in healthcare, there's a good response. That's what you have explained. But especially... For seasonings and sauces and frozen foods, I think this is quite deviant from the plan in the first half. So in the second half, to what extent you see the viability of your focus? What will be the driver for increased numbers in the second half? Do you want me to explain the second question? Well, thank you very much for your question, Sachi-san. For the three or four guests, we haven't changed. In the first half, in the food business, we... Umami season for processed food manufacturers has seen a decline in profit, and there was an extreme heat in Japan, and because of a shortage of rice, there was some decline in sales and profit, but we have to provide some G9, 10, 11. They are all performing well, so we can increase the... one is in the second half, so for verifying, Maeda will explain. First, as for food business, Masai will answer the question. So let me give you more details. First of all, as for seasoning and food, there will be 50 more in the second half compared to the first half. That's what you had asked about. As for seasoning and foods, there's B2B and B2C, and this is the total sum that we're talking about. As Nakamura said, especially for... Umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers was quite challenging in the first half, so how to recover this is what I'm going to explain, and then I'll talk about home use seasonings. In the solution and ingredients division, or B2B business, the following three are the differences between first half and second half. The first one is the special factors, extraordinary factors. This year, Brazil Ajinomoto, the largest site for us in Brazil, in the first half, MSG new technology introduction was prepared and construction work was done, but we got stuck and introduction didn't go well and we struggled slightly. However, this issue has been already resolved. So in the second half, From the beginning, we can expect increased production because of this new technology introduction. So this will go well, and this will also lead to cost reduction. That's the first one. And second one, the North America in the retail, there is a loss of major customer, but this can be made up for. So there will be recovery in the second half. In the fermentation, And the raw materials are going to be below budget in the second half. That's what we're expecting. So we are seeing signs of recovery in the second half for B2B. Because of those three factors, and as for home use, B2C, especially in Japan, there are several points that I'd like to emphasize. First of all, as you know, our seasonings food is strong in winter. And ahead of the peak in the second half, there's a very favorable environment that is being built up, especially what is important is HEF coffee. And there's a lot of recovery signs and green beans or the raw material prices are going up. But overcoming that, this business has been set up in the first half and this will be carried over to the second half. So AGF will be in an even better position in the second half. The sales promotion expenses are recognized in February and March, but we have intentionally distributed and evened out this sales promotion expenses in the first half, so this will be favorable in second half. And in first half, mayonnaise, which is one of the major businesses for us, The competitors in mayonnaise has run centenary anniversary campaigns in a large scale, so we struggled because of that. But from September and October, we have been successful in recovering our share, so this will be all reflected as it is in the second half. And last but not least, in last year, there was a large-scale self-promotion For umami and seasonings, that went well. But in the first half this year, we were below last year's level because customers have bought a lot and there was a home inventory that was built up. But this has been resolved now, so we can see recovery in umami seasonings in the second half. There are many other favourable points, but that's why we are expecting recovery in the second half of seasonings. Thank you very much, Sachi. As for biofine, I'll be very brief. On page 38, it's $17 billion increase, but if you go back to $4.2 billion ahead of the last years, and only $4.2 improvement in FASA, but $17 billion increase. in the second half. So in 2024, in Q2, there was a peak. But in fiscal 2025, in Q4, as Nakamura said, we'll see a profit peak. So 17 billion improvement from the previous year against the budget, as you can see in the material. Biofine and healthcare after first half, 48% progress against profit budget for the full year. So there will be stronger profit in the second half. So 48% in first half and 52% in second half. So this will be how we can match the full year forecast. Thank you. This will be leading to the second question. So the umami seasonings for processed food manufacturers, I think there is a 1.4 billion yen profit decline. So there were some troubles or challenging environment in the past. has already announced like 10,000 ton class production capacity increase. So there could be a sustained oversupply next year. So with these seasonings, is there any prospect for recovery for the second half? Is it really realistic to expect recovery? So Masai will continue to answer that question. First of all, there is a mid- to long-term prospects and also short-term issues. As for MSG, including nucleotide, the Chinese manufacturer's increased production capacity was started in 2023, two years before. And from that timing on, we have been quite concerned and taking actions, as Nakamura said. Just umami seasonings, we have combined B2B and B2C businesses and centralized management was considered to be important. So MSG collaboration promotion department was established. So we struggled with the production capacity increase by Chinese manufacturers in amino acid in the past. But MSG and amino acid, the biggest difference between these two is that in MSG, in Ajinomoto group, there is internal cells within the group, and that proportion is quite high. More than 70% of MSG is intra-group cells. So home-use umami seasonings or flavor seasonings are expected to increase steadily. So in the long term, this internal sales proportion of 70% is going to be raised to more than 85% by 2030, and that is our plan. And also, going forward, even if prices are increased, fortunately, there are customers that want to buy from Ajinomoto. There are so many customers that say that. So because of those two factors, in the mid to long term, even if there's continued competition from Chinese manufacturers, we are seeing the environment where we can compete. And in the short term, there are various actions to counter competitors in this MSC collaboration promotion department. And one of them is what we announced on October 14th, especially, Chinese competitors have infringed upon our intellectual property rights and we have taken action and this will put a brake on export increase. And as for nucleotide, we are planning various initiatives to counter the competitors. We can't say everything here but organization on a systematic basis we are taking actions against competitors so please feel assured especially for the short term as I said in Brazil this new technology introduction will contribute in the second half to profits and in short to there will be new technology introduction that will be done in various factories around the world. So there will be long-term recovery in MSG business. Thank you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Saji, for the question. Now moving on to the next question. This was from Goldman Sachs. Miyazaki-san, please begin your question. This is Miyazaki from Goldman Sachs. Thank you very much for the explanation. I also have two questions. The first question, from the first half towards the second half, you just talked about the trends. According to the presentation material, strategic expenses, strategic investments, you said that there are several initiatives implemented for strategic purposes in the first half already. You also talked about SG&A on page five and also the frozen foods structural reform related initiatives. And for FORGE, tourist commercialization, you talked about investments and expenses for commercialization. So are there some one-off things that are, incurred in the first half only but not in the second half or something that will not incur in the next year. So what is the amount of strategic spending and how much in which area, if you can explain that. Thank you very much, Mr. Miyazaki, for your question. As you rightly pointed out, SG&A changes are presented on page 6. And roughly speaking, personnel expenses, marketing spends, R&D investments, those are recording increases. Besides them, separate from them, DX-related and AI-related system investments have been made. and this relates to licensing fees so these expenses are likely to continue in the future regarding the um expenses for bringing forward the commercialization of forge this is a one-off expense for commercialization so this is not going to be recurring Anything to add? Any members? Is there anything to add? No, thank you very much for that. Yes. On page 20, as you can see on page 20, the INDE approval, this is, I think, pleasant cry. but this has happened much earlier than expected. So you have to produce larger quantity than expected. So this, I think, is the one-shot expenses for commercialization related, including consulting expenses. I think, as Nakamura mentioned, so those one-off expenses have occurred in the first half of this year, and that had an impact on the performance. Okay, thank you. I just wanted to confirm, so Forge-related expenses, it's difficult for you to quantify? Is it difficult for you to quantify? And also for the personnel expenses on page six, and marketing spend, and DX-related. Those investments incurred in the first half of this year, and those are likely to continue and be recurring in the future as well. Is that the right assumption? The forge-related expenses is not disclosed, but that was quite a hefty amount. Okay. I understood. Okay. And the remaining expenses are likely to continue in these subsequent years, according to my interpretation. And the other one is functional materials-related. So I have a question relating to functional materials. In the second quarter compared to the first quarter, I think the sales was slightly declined, but still be higher than the target and the plan, and the profit margin was higher than the first quarter in the second quarter. So I think you're seeing a favorable trend here. So in the second quarter, can we expect a favorable performance comparable to the first half? For semiconductor, overall, I think the demand and also your competitive is the market. I'm not worried about these factors, but ABF packages, for example, there is a restriction in the supply of some of the components, and because of that, the demand for ABF, was dragged by that, and I think the demand has come down, likely come down. Do we have to anticipate such kind of risk? So can you talk about the second half and towards the next year? What is your recognition, if you can update on your recognition of this business? Thank you very much for the question. As I explained earlier, the AI-related demand, high-function semiconductor is enjoying great demand, and I think that is the most advanced product, so therefore the gross margin is high, and that's the reason why we are performing like this. WSTS, more semiconductor trade statistics, WSTS. This is an indicator used in the semiconductor business. On June 3rd, it was not updated, but the calendar year Logic IC growth was plus 23.9%. That was the expectations back then. And I think we are close to 20% growth is already shown here. So we have been able to enjoy growth as planned. In calendar year 2026, this is going to come down to 7.3% according to WSDS projection. We believe that is too conservative. That is rumored to be too conservative, but there might be some factors behind that. It's impossible for us to comment on the supply situation of other components, but according to what we hear from customers, in the second half, we expect favorable performance in the second half as well. Okay, then let me confirm. So set aside the components of other companies. I don't want to ask that, but as you have been engaged in communication with your customers from before, and according to that conversation, you have an outlook that is expecting a favorable growth. That is correct. Okay, thank you.

Thank you very much, Miyazaki-san, for your question. Next, from English webinar, there is a person who wants to ask question. Versailles, Mr. McLeish, please.

Hi, thank you very much. Just following on from the ABF question there, can you confirm that you're not seeing any negative impacts at all from downstream production bottlenecks at this stage? Is that the right understanding?

Thank you very much, Mr. McLeish, for your question. So in terms of first half growth, well, if there is more needs, then it could be settled down. But with regard to the growth in the first half, we can continue on with that pace of growth in the second half.

Okay, thanks very much. And then over in the domestic food business, we've seen that coffee bean prices have been declining for almost eight months now. When do you expect that to benefit your margins? And how does this change your coffee portfolio strategy in Japan going forward?

Well, as for coffee beans, procurement lead time is long. Six months to one year is the contract period. So the most recent coffee beans lower prices will be reflected at the lagging timing. So I'd like to let Masai answer that question. Masai is speaking. Let me answer that question. So there is some time lag, but in actuality, AJF coffee business from this first half compared to the previous year has been making more contribution to profits. So there is no detailed breakdown, but if I may say, in Japan, in this page on the left, So plus zero compared to last year, as this graph shows, but in the coffee business, actually. In the first half alone, compared to the previous year, more than 1 billion yen profit increase was recorded. So then you may ask what are the negative businesses that are offsetting that. So let me make some comments. So in this graph, it's not from the upper to upper comparison perspective from this fiscal year. Part of the common fee has been disallocated to the business units, so about 600 million yen has been paid for by the business units. So excluding that, then in the previous fiscal year, plus zero is shown in this graph, but actually plus 600 million or 700 million yen, actually would have been shown, and then part of that is borne by coffee business. And there's 600 million yen negative numbers in other business, but at least for the coffee business, there is a significant signs of recovery that is manifesting in coffee business. So I'd like you to understand that way.

Okay, thanks very much. That's fine for me, thanks.

Mr. Markleis, thank you very much for the question. Now moving on to the next question. Morgan Stanley, MEFG Securities. Miyake-san, please begin your question. Thank you. This is Miyake from Morgan Stanley. I'm sorry, I have a sore throat, so maybe it will be difficult for you to hear. The overseas food and seasoning for processed food. I just wanted you to give me some much color regarding the changes. If you look at the page 11, as far as I look at this, the HG&A increase is a major factor behind the changes. That is diluting the revenue growth. So if we look at this by region, SNI is also included here, but if you just single out the second quarter only and talk about the sauce and seasoning altogether, there was a decline of 1.8 billion yen in revenue. So the seasoning for processed food accounts for $1.4 billion out of that, I believe. But the raw material prices is also decreasing for fermented food, and also you have increased expenses, you said. But if you look at the general trend of revenue, the July-September quarter, I think the trend was strong. So if you could just talk about the – the profit performance driven by revenue growth, and also if you can divide between consumer and also the restaurant channel demand, and how have they affected the decline in revenue by those different channels. Okay, thank you very much for the question, Ms. Miyake. For overseas, first, SG&A, in order for us to increase the brand value, we have a made intensive investments for the brand investment. If you look by segment, The volume is not increasing in Thailand, and that is due to the coffee being raw material price increases, and therefore the coffee drinks, beverages in Thailand did not increase so much in terms of volume vis-à-vis the competition. And also instant noodles, due to geopolitical reasons in Cambodia, those exports that we had made in Cambodia did not grow as much. So those are one of the factors behind the revenue performance increase. And maybe Masai-san can add some more comments. Thank you very much, Miyazaki-san, for the comment, for your question. I would like to supplement. As Nakamura-san just mentioned, in addition to what he just said, I would like to add that, as you greatly pointed out, in fact, the situation was difficult in some regions, especially for overseas home-use businesses. What are the challenges? And in the second half, what are the countermeasures that we are going to implement? I will have to talk about that. Especially in the ASEAN region, the Asian regions, there are three points that I would like to share with you. For the umami seasonings, home use, because of the competitor in China, there was an indirect impact from this Chinese player because this competitor said, They have been using China, so that's the reason why we're affected by them. And China's players, they are also engaged in B2C business, so they are a direct threat for us as well. So against this, we have... been trying to reinforce their sales. We have taken a meticulous look at it and leveraging our strength, i.e., our sales rep strength. We are trying to counter them and fend them off, especially in Nigeria, in Myanmar. We have struggled in some of these markets, but we are seeing the recovery trend already. So I think this will have a positive impact on the second part of performance. The second was the flavor seasoning. Flavor seasoning previously, mainly in Europe, There was a global competitor, and that was the main player in the past. But recently, in many Asian regions, we are seeing the emergence of local competitors competing directly against us because they are stepping up their activities. The way of combat is different, so therefore we were confused a little bit in this first half, but we have analyzed already, and we now see how to compete against them. So the competition with the local player is going to be a key factor in the second half of the year. For instant noodles, Mr. Nakamura already mentioned that and talked about Cambodia. But if I add one more comment, another thing that I would like to comment on is Latin America. Latin America instant noodle is performing quite well. Having said that, however, the production facility is located in Peru, and there is a shortage of production capacity, and that's the reason why we're not able to sell the quantity that we intended to. but we have completed the construction of new line in september so we are now already um pressing the accelerator so the produced the instant noodles produced in peru is now expanded uh sales in other markets in the peripheral market so although we um struggled a little bit in the first half but i think these efforts will um begin to bear fruits in the second half of the year For processed food, I've already commented, and I think that will be overlapping, so I won't comment on processed food anymore. Thank you. Thank you very much. I understood very well. Thank you very much for the comment. And regarding Brazil, you talked about the introduction of new technology, and you struggled in the initial introduction of the newest technology. In terms of expenses in the first half, especially in the second quarter, was there any cost associated with that? Thank you. That's correct, yes, exactly. With the introduction of this new technology, we were not able to produce, meaning that we only had to incur these fixed expenses, so that weighed on the cost. But that is not going to be the case from October onwards, so this will have a positive impact on the performance of the second half onwards. Thank you.

Thank you very much for your question, Miyake-san. Now let us move to the next question. From Dialogue Securities, Igarashi-san, please. Thank you very much. I am Igarashi from Dialogue Securities. I have two questions. First question, you talked about ABF and to the question of ABF. In the next fiscal year, the numbers look a bit lower. But the major players are coming up with new chips. That's what we heard. So unit price could increase or area could increase. So this could accelerate your growth. Isn't there such expectation that we can have? Can you elaborate on that? Thank you very much for your question, Igarasam. In terms of statistics, as I said, This is from June, and industry is on the conservative side. As you said, each player is coming up with new products, and if you look at our customers, their investments are going well, and there will be more plants that are coming online. So for us, the growth in the statistics is not realistic in our view. So in terms of volume and unit price, we believe that the numbers will be accelerated. Well, for the cutting-edge technologies, the best mix... with uh the uh the cutting edge products are coming out and as you know motor fine techno duma plant we made investment and that production equipment will have the latest version for AI applications, so what you said is right. Thank you. Profitability rate in first quarter, you hired people aggressively and profitability lowered, but in the second half, there was a recovery. So is there any changes in the policy? Well, we are growing, so the personnel expenses are increasing, and the Gunma new plant has come online, so there will be depreciation costs that will be incurred, so there will be a possibility that we'll suffer a bit. But in terms of cutting-edge semiconductors like AI chips, the products with the better mix, being launched and sold earlier than expected. So that has helped us improve profitability. Thank you. The second question. The frozen food business in America. So if you look at the profit decline in the second quarter, that seems to be larger. In slide 16, The tariff has impacted and sales promotion timing. Those were the two factors you mentioned. Were they all transitory and tentative? And can you see a recovery and also product initiatives like pricing strategy that you talked about in Japan but in North America? What are the initiatives that you have in mind specifically? Thank you. So as you said, so the tariff policy in the U.S. and customer sales promotion timing that have been lagged, those are the two main factors in the U.S. There's Nishiki Gyoza, that is a premium, and it is performing well, and major retailers are having those in the stores, in the shelf. And so things are going well. So Kawana will make more comments. So as Nakamura said. So with regard to tariff policy, the price increase will be a bit delayed, so there is some impact, but there is some production disruption. So those are all tentative factors, so we can make recovery in the second half, in our view. And as for sales, as was said, Nishikino gyoza and the shumai, or dumplings, They are all delivered to our customers and we can expect sales increase from there. And also previously in the food service, we are not selling too much in Asia, but now the shift is for Asia. So there could be more profit margin expected. So we could be more positive in the second half. Thank you. What about this production disruption? Has it been resolved? Yes, this has been completed. Okay, thank you. That's all. Thank you.

Thank you, Igarawashi-san, for your question. Now moving on to the next question. UBS Securities, Ihara-san, please begin your question. Hello, can you hear me? Yes, we hear you. Thank you very much for the explanation, Ihara from UBS Securities. I also have two questions. regarding domestic frozen food business structure reform you previously mentioned that you're going to announce your structural reform program and you did already but this did not live up to expectations because to be honest with you the second quarter frozen food businesses uh profit margin is less than one percent and then three percent of sales and um profit growth of 7% CAGR, that is not going to be a strong impact in any event. And even if the frozen food profit margin is returned to the pre-COVID era, still that level in the first place is low. So this frozen food business in Japan, I think you are at the phase of having to go through a structural reform. With a shorter time horizon, can you take any actions in a shorter timeframe? That's my first question. Thank you very much for the question, Ihara-san. For the frozen food business, a drastic reform, Well, we have been engaged in structural reform all the time, and the integration of production facilities, manufacturing centers, and producing multiple products in a single line. Through these efforts, we try to improve the production efficiency. And also, we have focused on delicious food and launched gyoza products and so forth. This time around... We have conducted a price hike that does not match with the customer's perception for value, so not only the deliciousness, but we have also decided to focus on affordability and release GILSA products. So we changed our strategy in that regard. Maybe that will not be conducive to profit margins, so we would like to – provide different levels of products. So on one hand, we would like to focus on cost performance, but also time performance and health value and experience of cooking. So we will produce and prepare different menus, different pricing ranges. so that we can optimize overall so uh the highest productivity our highest product will be the um ready to uh eat with a microvaver heating only so those are kind of products that are already available so wherever possible we would like to um generate our profits with all these three different patterns of categories and as i mentioned earlier gyoza is a touch point of ours with many different customers so because as you know moto is known for this delicious products we would like to have customers that try out many other food products that we offer so this is a touch point to enhance our brand value so we are not really complacent with a low profit margin but i think this offers additional value no not only the prices menkano-san can add some comments if necessary thank you i'm so sorry for the concerns that you have um as i mentioned the growth overseas is larger compared to the uh japan uh growth rate so that's the reason why we have shifted the focus of resources to overseas and we have tried to improve efficiency of japan as a cash code and that's the reason why we were belated in structural reform there are two major uh challenges that we are facing today One is that the market is diversified much more than before. So in that environment, the traditional approach of selling only to the mass market will deprive us of some segments, like the Chosa product that we have today is tuned towards the mass market. So the biggest audience, um we are trying to sell the products to the largest audience but in the current contemporary age there are more diverse needs people who want a larger with a greater meat portion gyoza that's taken by other competitors and there are some other people who want something um affordable gyozas and those are taken by pbs and for pb brands so uh we have been taking away these uh market share for different needs of gyoza products so In order to address this, previously we focused on this production efficiency, and we focused on the single products, and that was the reason why we were not able to address these needs, and that has diluted our profit margin. We are now currently going through a reform, and so we would like to look into different lineups and have a more broader range of product lineups. So we had this business lineup, but now we look into a different portfolio for different categories of products. and thereby improve the utilization of the factories. Fortunately, in October, we have seen a very steadfast growth, so I think you can be reassured about that. The other thing that I wanted to address and the other challenge that we are facing today is that the market, the frequency of people cooking is now declining in the market, and we have been selling – complete meals and staple foods, and not only the ready-to-eat meals. And that is the trend that we are seeing in many other industrialized markets. So we were belated in addressing these needs. So we now have the Aete products, so we would like to focus more on the meal products going forward. As we started this initiative, we believe that this is an area where we can leverage our strengths, the design of deliciousness, the design of nourishment. I think we are very good at that. So I think depending on the preferences of the customers and health conditions, we are able to customize. So we realize that we have these strengths. So in these areas, we would like to achieve growth in the future. Okay. Thank you. I understood. Thank you very much. So my second question, if I may. is the share buyback. This year, 100 billion of share buyback is already ongoing, and you have additionally announced another 80 billion program this time around. So 100 billion plus I think is going to be the size that you are going to address for share buyback per year, per fund fiscal year. But if it's 110 billion this year and again next year and then the year after that, if you continue this, the net debt to EBITDA ratio will be lower than two times. I think you can continue that. But the net DE ratio with more leverage – I think that will have a detrimental impact on your financial leverage according to what I think. So this Share Bible program, do you think this can be sustained? If you can comment on that, that would be appreciated. Thank you very much for your question. This is on page 26. We have this cash management policy on page 26. Of course. The cash that we generate will, of course, be first allocated for investment for organic growth so that we can properly grow the company. Then we'll look into M&A, other inorganic opportunities, and the share we purchase is the third priority. So this is the cash management priorities that we have. And on top of this idea, we have decided on the share buyback program this time around. Mizutani will explain more detail. Well, thank you very much, Igarasan, for your question. As Nakamura just mentioned, this time around, this share buyback period, if you look into that period, this will end on November 30th next year. So this includes the repurchases planned for next fiscal year as well. And if you can go back to page 26, this is the cash allocation policy that we have. And at the bottom you see on the right-hand side, we will shrink to $900 billion for the cash balance. So the current cash balance plus the $90 billion, if you look at that, the extra things because we would like to improve the capital efficiency with this new decision. And the profit that can be spent out for dividends, we'll look into that as well. and also manage the debt. We will look at the leverage level. So I don't think you have to worry about that. So that's all for myself. Thank you very much. But like 100 billion yen, if you wanted to buy that with a six-month period, and I think this period is going to get over shortly, and this 80 billion yen is going to be done over a one-year period. If you look at things from that angle, your capability for share repurchase, given that your leverage is now increasing, that I think the leeway for additional repurchase is now coming down. Don't I have to be concerned about that? Well, again, at the risk of repeating myself, this program will last up to November next year. And the budget for next year is not formally decided yet, but we have some assumptions for next fiscal year. And we will make sure that leverage will not be over this level. So we are properly managing that. So I hope that you understand that. But the market participants... Not 80 billion yen, but I think they are looking at the level next fiscal year on top of this. I just wanted you to be mindful of that. So that's all for myself. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Thank you very much for your question, Ihara-san. Now next question from J.P. Morgan Securities, Fujiwara-san, please. Thank you very much. Fujiwara from JP Morgan Security. Thank you. I'd like to ask this question to Mr. Nakamura. It's not about specific segments, but in the financial results this time, honestly speaking, it seemed negative and disappointing slightly. That's a fact. In various businesses, there are some problems that we have seen. And as we listened to your presentation, you say that these are all tentative and you can do better in second half. So this could be assuring. But the root cause is Chinese players and more intense competitive players' activities. So maybe you have to revisit your management in the core. So the response speed, I think your company has been quite quick in responding to the changes, but you may have to accelerate that in order to tighten up your management. That may be necessary. So how to run your business? Can you give your thoughts on this as President Nakamura-san? Thank you very much, Mr. Fujiwara-san. Well, this time there is a healthy sense of urgency that we have, so as much as possible we have to earn, and those visits that are growing are growing. But as you said, because of competition from Chinese players, we have been a bit late in responding. As Masai said, however, in the short term, we have taken actions that we were able to take. And as for me, too long term, we have instructed business owners to accelerate. So it's not electronic materials, but those products that are weakening. including frozen food. So the successor development has been instructed to Ajinomoto frozen food. So we have to increase the speed to an even higher level. And we have to be strongly aware of the competition. And that's what I have been saying in my dialogue. So Chinese players more recently – have been gaining momentum. So I talk to Korean customers and I talk about this to our employees and there are three impossible or unknowns. You don't rest, you don't go home and you don't That's what they say about Chinese. And they have three ships, and so they are catching up with Toyota Motor in terms of EV. That's what I am telling our employees in dialogue. So we have to look at the global environment, and we have to compete. with the players around the world, so we have to keep this sense of urgency. Thank you. There's another question, so I'd like to ask one more question, if I may. In frozen food, I do understand what you have taken as actions, but as for home use, other than gyoza, there are other categories. And compared to competitors, your competitiveness is not that high, in my view. So for those categories, you may have to narrow them down further, like gyoza or restaurant industrial use dessert. So you have to... Focus more on those where you excel strongly, and then you throw away other categories. Isn't that the stretch that you can take? Thank you. As Kawano said, as for gyoza, in a single production line, there will be multiple products that are coming out. So shoga, ginger gyoza, and miso. paste gyoza have been launched on top of the regular gyoza, and they are selling well. So in the current production line, we can create some products in terms of different SKUs that will sell. And as for dessert, as you pointed out, this is something that we can focus more on. And the frozen food without meat, so desserts, there is some qualification for exports or appropriate for exports, so we are planning to also consider. the potential exports from Dessert. So if there's any more comments from Masai. Yes, thank you. So as for Dessert, on our part in Ajinomoto, as Ajinomoto Group, what produced in Japan has not been exported too much, but we had sense of urgency now, so Ajinomoto and frozen food, AGF, this is a common issue. So as of October 1st, export promotion department was established. And what is going to be the main points in this is frozen food dessert. And so these activities... will be done and Gyoza and Gyoza were pointed out by you, but I totally agree and we would like to focus our resources on those. And for the question that was asked previously, so structural reforms may look a bit weak compared to others and I'd like to just make more comments on that. So subsequently, what we found and thought was that the actions taken against competitors, and from that perspective, especially the competitors in gyoza and frozen food, are not just Japanese players. So Japanese structural reform is important, but we have to have more global perspective to compete. And so Japanese structural reform is necessary, but we have to make more investment in Asia, and that's what we're considering. So as we do structural reforms in Japan, at the same time, for gyoza and frozen foods, we are taking actions against competitors. So before structural reforms in Japan, we are also aiming for expansion in asia that's what we have begun to consider okay then so um fried chicken or fried rice you have those products would there be any change in the positioning of those products Well, as I said, we are revisiting our categories, especially gyoza and dumplings, shumai, and chicken and sweets. Those are the major segments. But gyoza and dumplings, shumai, and sweets, there's still room for growth. As for chicken... Well, in the structural reform, we are narrowing down the items, and we are seeing increased profits as a result. But we're not trying to grow this. And frozen rice is the biggest challenge. Osaka plant was closed to enhance efficiency, but there's still challenges to address. And so we have to review this more. So we are shifting towards a complete meal. and that's what we're trying to do and as for rice you shouldn't just look at japan japanese business in overseas the the rice is more of a mainstay in u.s and others and all these are exported from japan so in total there's a profits that are generated but what about what to do with rising business in japan is something that we have to address So we have to go beyond that by transitioning to complete media and status. Thank you.

Fujiwara-san, thank you for the question. The next question, we would like to address the next question. In the interest of time, we'll make the limit to only two more questioners for today. So the first will be for Furuta-san of SMBC Nikko. Thank you. This is Furuta from SMBC Nuclear Securities. Thank you very much for the opportunity. I have a question relating to the outlook for CDMO business in the second half. I'm looking at page 19. You mentioned that the IGP's shipment delay in Japan was a factor, but I think your performance in the first half was in line with the plan. As for the different initiatives in each region, can you give us some more color for the second half initiatives in this CDMO business? Thank you very much, Futukasan, for your question. will be answered by Otake-san because he's here today. All right, thank you. I would like to address your question. Forge, as we explained during the presentation, Forge is enjoying favorable growth, especially towards 2026 and 2027. We are expecting to start – we have decided to bring this forward. So with this year, we have incurred some consultation fee, and therefore the EBITDA positive is quite challenging, but we are still working on this target. And also the sales has increased by four times compared to the time of acquisition. So we are achieving very steadfast growth here. As far as the Japanese business is concerned, Agiface, as you face uh we have a very uh big growth uh projection in the future but uh compared to that plan we are slightly behind the plan but starting this fiscal year forge sales people are sent there so that with the forge members and the healthcare members in north america we are working together in the sales activities together with them with this we have been able to cultivate new customers so towards the 2030 roadmap, but we are going to make steadfast progress in our actions for AgiCAP and also last year, Condinex as well. We have made a press release regarding the collaborative efforts, and with AgiCAP, AgiCAP has been driving the growth of CDMO business. But in addition to that, Agiface, Agicap, and Collinex, and Forge. So these are the unique businesses of Ajinomoto, and they are going to be the pillar of our business in the future. So with these pillars, we believe we shall be able to achieve the growth of the company. So the prospects of future is becoming much broader than before. Okay, thank you. Then I have a follow-up question. AgiCap on page 21, customer expansion. You're talking about customer expansion and you're talking about the new client in overseas and as she tells us. So I think, can you comment on whether the speed of customer expansion is accelerating? Can you talk about that? May I? I'll try to answer that. Yes, okay. Thank you. As it's written up here, in October, we have signed up new license agreement with Astellas and another company, two companies altogether, so the sales is expanding. In order to further accelerate the sales within Ajinomoto Group, we would like to leverage our internal network. OmniChem, for example, we would like to leverage that network, and in addition to that, The former loans business development chief, we have entered into an agent agreement, a consulting agreement with them. So we would like to leverage those external networks as well so that we can accelerate our customer cultivation efforts. CRO, CMO, we will promote collaboration with them so that we can further increase the number of licensing agreements. so that AgiCat can become a next driver for growth after AgiPhase. And we believe we have been able to achieve a steadfast progress towards that direction. Okay, thank you very much.

Thank you very much for your question, Morita-san. Last question from Nomura Securities. Morita-san, please. Morita from Nomura Security. Thank you. I would like to ask about seasonings and food once again. In this presentation meeting, what has become a big theme is action taken against competitors. So from that perspective, why at this timing the competitive risks have risen? So before the pandemic, Getting back to the pre-pandemic level, the Americas, you have increased the profitability margin, and that has driven your profit in your business. But maybe your profitability level has risen too much. That is my concern. Of course, profitability level being higher is good, but this would reduce the entry barrier. So I think profitability level has risen, especially in overseas. So maybe you are earning too much, or it's not unsustainable business or profit level, or you have an overhang. What is your thoughts on this possibility? Thank you very much for your question. So profit level and pricing, it won't go up if you don't need the customer value. So you have to increase the customer value and profit margin. So Sazi will explain more. So with regard to profit margin, well, I'd like to answer that question including that. So with regard to action-stricken competitors, it is very important initiative. Honestly speaking, previously in Ajinomoto Group, especially for home use businesses, So we were quite strong. So we, honestly speaking, we were a bit short in terms of actions taken against competitors. So as I said, in 2023, we had seen these signs. So we have established a competitor response team, several competitor response teams. And one of them is competitors in China. And also there are some organizations that are taking actions against other types of competitors. So we are very serious in taking actions against competitors, even though we haven't disclosed this yet. And as for China especially, honestly, it's not just food, but in all industries the same is happening. So we're not an exception. So with the economic slowdown in China, Maybe regardless of supply-demand balance, if I may say so, they are taking actions. So we had expected supply-demand balance to take effect, but actually they are disregarding this, so we have to be ready. And take action with that in mind. And with regard to profitability level or margin, it's not a straight answer to your question, but to Chinese competitors and as a number of the world, looking at the price differences especially. What sort of price differences would be allowed for customers to buy our products? If this is too wide, then they will not buy our products. But if this is not too wide, then they will buy it from us. So we have learned that from our experience, and we are taking pricing apps policies. And if that works as well, we are defeating competitors in some countries, but in others, we haven't been able to do so, so we are taking more actions. It's not a straight answer to your question, but we're looking at price differences and the pricing margin or pricing ratio comparison is what we're taking. So in the short term, you are increasing profits in the short term. But in the mid to long term, that is going to be important. But just for clarification, so the price gap between Chinese players and your company, is it still higher than the optimal level? And maybe you have to make adjustments to match that optimal level. Is that correct understanding? Well, yes. Different countries have different situations. For example, in Europe, euro is quite strong now. So with the euro being strong, Chinese players, when they export products at CIF, probably in dollars, So in Europe, there is the tendency that price gap will be widened. So you have to reduce our prices in there. But in Asia... regardless of foreign exchanges, I think things are settling down. So in some countries, we don't have to reduce prices, but in some others, we may have to reduce the prices. So with the collaboration promotion department playing a central role, we're looking at that. Well, different question from different perspective. The food business, The consumption is very weak, not just in Japan, but around the world. I think the weakening is more than you are assuming. So with these changes in the business environment, what sort of actions do you have to take in your thoughts? Well, the first one, there is difference between Japan and other countries, but it depends on the country that we're talking about. What we are driving our business in ASEAN, compared to the past five years and the next five years, probably growth rate will slow down. So in ASEAN countries, We have to find a new frontier to compete, and we have already done that. From the Five Star to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Bangladesh, we're shifting our focus to those countries. And the same goes for Latin America, like Brazil and Peru, two adjacent countries. That transition is what we're taking as an action. And as for Japan, it's not just a ginomoto or food manufacturer problem alone. Because of population decline, as I said, you have to strengthen exports. So what we produce in Japan is not just delivered to Japanese customers, but to customers around the world. And so that's why we have established export promotion department. So depending on regions and countries, for the consumption decline, the actions that we have to take will be different. Well, I have learned a lot. Thank you. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Morikawa-san. So with this, we would like to finish the Q&A session. So finally, Mr. Nakamura will have the final closing remarks. Thank you, everyone, for staying with us for such long hours. We always like to maintain this sense of healthy urgency, healthy sense of urgency, and we would like to drive the company on a continued basis. We look forward to your continued support and patronage. Thank you very much indeed for today. With this, we would like to finish the earnings call for today. We thank you very much for your participation. This is the end of today's session. Thank you.