Skanska AB (publ)

Good morning and welcome to the presentation of Skanska's fourth quarter and year-end report for 2023. I'm Antonija Junelind, Senior Vice President Investor Relations here at Skanska and on stage today I have President and CEO Anders Danielsson and Group CFO Magnus Persson. Shortly, they will take you through a business and financial and market update. And after their initial presentation, we will have time for questions. You can ask your questions either if you are here in the room with us by raising your hand, or if you're watching, you can join the telephone conference. So with that short introduction, let's begin the presentation, Anders.

Thank you, Antonia. Good to see you all. Before we jump into the figures, I want you to look at this picture. It's the George Washington Bridge in New York. And it's one of the bridges that we have been on and off working for decades. And right now we are renovating the cables on this beautiful bridge. So let's go into the fourth quarter in 2023. If I start with construction, it's solid performance. We had operating margin of 4.4% in the quarter. And so that is really, really strong. And the order backlog is also on a historical high level, close to 230 billion Swedish dollars. On the property asset values were impacted by weak market. And a few weeks back, we communicated impairment charges of the market values of 2 billion in the isolated quarter. And therefore the return in the project development is on the negative side due to that. And also the return on equity is down to 5.8%. But we have continued to have a robust financial position very strong financial position, and we also have a proposed dividend of 5.5 crowns per share to the agm. later this year. And we also managed to reduce the carbon emission further during the year. So right now we are at 60% reduction compared to the baseline year of 2015. I will go into each and every stream now. Overall, I'll start with construction. The revenues... Pretty much flat, down in local currencies with 3%. We have order bookings on a healthy level. I would say strong order bookings overall, 44 billion, which gives us an order book to build of 103%. So we are in a healthy place, 230 billion, as I mentioned. And I think the order backlog right now is healthy, good quality in the order backlog. We have been able to continue to be selective and go for projects that we have a competitive advantage and also a solid profitable performance in the past. So that's a good place to be, of course. Operating income, 1.8 billion, which gives us an operating margin of 4.4 in the quarter. Solid performance continue in the construction stream. We have a good order intake, and the backlog remains high, and that's supported by a very strong market in the US, both when it comes to building or building operation and the civil market. The full year operating margin is 3.5%, which is in line with our target, and there is also Good. We have been on that level over time now for some years, and that is really impressed by the organization and what they are doing and holding up the margin here. Residential development, the revenue is increasing to 1.9 billion. We also increased the number of homes sold, but it's still on a low level historically. And we started some projects also in the fourth quarter. little bit less than we actually sold operate the margin income is negative here also impairment charges in the residential stream of 500 million Swedish. There was also communicated a few weeks back, which gives us a return on capital employed, which is also negative. So it is, even though it has increased somewhat in the quarter, we have lower than normal sales and it will take some, we expect it to take some time to the market to recover. And we're also working with the turnaround, the book look, we have taken a lot of action during the year and we have a, Reduce costs where we drawn for some geographies that were not sustainable in the long term. And we also reduced the number of employees in this operation. Central Europe is the exception here. Here we can see strong sales and a good market. So that is very encouraging. Also a market that we will expect to continue to be stable. Commercial property development, we have a negative operating income due to the charges we took in the fourth quarter. We have a gain on sale of close to 600 million. So the divestment we have made in the fourth quarter, they are on a good level. So that gives us a good future for that we are in the right places. We have good high quality product to offer the market for the future as well. 23 ongoing projects, which gives us 29 billion in investment upon completion. And we have started three projects in Q4. We are in a position where we can start projects when we think it's right, where we see we have the right product in the right location, and we believe in the market going forward. There is a very good competitive advantage, of course, to have that financial strength, and we are determined to keep that position. We have completed 22 projects, and those represent 9.5 billion in total investment. Of those, we have a leasing ratio of 74%. Four properties were divested, two external and two internally, to investment properties, very high quality building. And as I said, the external divestment we have made, they are on good level, one in the US and one in Sweden. And we have leased 63,000 square meters in the single quarter. And that is... an increase compared to the same quarter the year before. And we also, as you know, announced the largest lease ever in value in January now in U.S. Seattle. So that is also a positive sign in this segment. And finally, investment properties. Two properties were acquired in the fourth quarter. We had Stockholm 04 in April. close to Hammarby Sjöstad and also in conjunction with our previous project that we have transferred to investment properties. Very good location. And also Hyllje Terrass in Malmö. Very good location as well. And the future development area. And results were impacted by a reduction of fair market value here of 200 million. That was also part of the announcement we made a few weeks back. And the occupancy rate in the in the portfolio are at 91 percent, which is on a high level. So it's very high quality buildings, attractive for tenants, and it will create shareholder value for the future as well. So we're targeting high quality, sustainable office portfolio in the right location. And the target is to develop between 12 to 18 billion over some years. And we are on track and the strategy remains. I will jump back to construction and look into order bookings. Here you can see the order backlog over time, over some years. And you also can see the different lines. The yellow lines is the book to build on a rolling 12-month basis. We have the Green line is a revenue on a rolling 12, which is, you can see it's increasing over time, flattening out now in the last quarters. And you also can see the order bookings per quarter, which is, of course, varies a bit from quarter to quarter. But you can see the long-term trend there on the order bookings on a rolling 12, the gray line, a little bit hard to see. But again, the The order backlog, the blue bar here is on record level. You can also see that in the history. And if I go into each geography, it's a bit of variation here. We have overall in the Nordic 109%, mainly driven by a good civil market in Norway. So we have one very good order in the civil market. They are also performing on a very, very good level. We can see lower activity in Europe. I would say UK is quite one of the weaker market we have, and also Finland. Very strong market in the US, 110. percent of the book to build over rolling 1221 months of production in the backlog. So we are benefiting from our strong market there. So overall 103% and confident in that good quality. We have 18 months of production, which is on a healthy level if you look in the history as well. With that, I'll hand over to Magnus.

Thank you, Anders. So let's have a bit of a deeper look in the P&L for the different business streams. We start with construction. Revenues came in in the fourth quarter approximately 3% lower, both in local currencies and in Swedish kronos, than the same quarter last year. A good level of project profitability. We had a gross margin of 8.8%. It's a bit down from last year, but it has its sort of explanation. So we're at 8.8%. This is a good level. Maintain S&A, also here well under control, and with an operating margin of 4.4%. So this is a good quarter performance-wise, even if the comparable quarter looks higher than that. And as Anders already pointed out, if we take this, which we should always do and look over some longer time period, if we take a rolling 12 months measure, we are at 3.5%, which is what we have sort of guided for via our financial targets. So it's a solid performance from the construction business here. No meaningful one-offs in this results either in the quarter. This is sort of our base business that continues to produce and it's doing that in a really good way. If we look at the different geographies, we have the Nordics coming in at 4.5%. Same thing with Sweden then. And the comparable quarter here, we had some positive claims settlement in the fourth quarter last year, which explains some of the lower result in lower margin. in the Swedish operations compared to last year. But 4.5%, it's a good level, performing well. Europe, 1.2%. This is not what we would like to see. And essentially, we have two businesses folded in under the geographical segment that we call Europe here. One is the Central European operations that are performing really well. And then we have the UK operations. They've had a challenging quarter here, and the market is sort of weakening in the UK and this translates into a sort of lower margin in the quarter hitting the overall segment. US 5.5%, super strong, has been going at a very strong level for quite some time. Here we also have a good amount of order intake, margins are strong, performance looks really good, so it's a good mix and a good situation for the US part of the business. Residential development looks slightly different. Obviously, the quarter here is marked significantly by the asset impairments that we announced on the 10th of January then of 470 million. So that is taken straight into the quarter, leading us to recognize a loss for the quarter at the operating level of 502 million. And the main sort of part of the impairments is to be found in land assets and in Boklok. And if we sort of take out the impairments and say that these are land assets and we take out the Boklok operation and sort of isolate the other part, we still make a decent level of project profitability on the units we sell, which to us is really important. And it also shows that The issue we have now is more of a volume thing. We have an organization, have had on the average for the year, that is too big for the volumes that the market allow at the moment. And given that, and as was also highlighted in the quarterly report, we have taken quite a lot of measures to address the size of the organization here. So we have sort of an adequate organizational costume for what the market allows currently and for the near term future here. So we're taking actions on that. If we look at different geographies, obviously all geographies are impacted by the impairments. The biggest part is in the Nordics, but also in Europe, and a bit similar situation here actually as we had in the construction side. The central European residential development operations is actually performing really, really well. They have a good market, they're producing good profits, selling well and so on. You have a negative result here in the geographical segment for Europe in residential development. And all of that, you can say, and quite a lot more than only this 21 million, is attributed to impacts on the Boklok UK operation. Home started and sold. We're basically in balance, you can say, in the fourth quarter. Started 340 units, sold 384 units. So sort of a fairly good balance. They're selling a little bit more than what we start. And if we look on a slightly longer term, the situation is the same. We started this year 870 units, but sold approximately 1,100 units. So we're starting less than what we're selling. It's a very natural sort of development when the market weakens a bit. If you look on the chart, you see a green line and a blue line representing the rolling 12-month measures of starts and sold. And you can see on the rolling 12-month level, we are now selling then more than what we started. So this is us adjusting the portfolio, which we have been doing throughout the year to accommodate the new market circumstances. Homes in production, we had 4,300 units in production. And obviously, when you sort of start less than you sell and then you complete, this falls. And you can see the last few quarters, this has been dropping off quite quickly then. a sales rate of 52 percent obviously lower than what we would like it to be and when unsold completed now at the end of the year over 550 units approximately this is higher than what we would like but it's certainly within what we consider to be acceptable limits as the market is moving because when the market slows down and we are completing units still in a faster pace than what we can sell So we do expect this to come up some during the year and the important thing is of course to be in control of what units are being completed like this, how old are they getting and to make sure to put in enough sales supporting sort of measures so we don't have a problem there and that's not where we are today. We continue to have a big focus on this and we think it's sort of development of this follows a very natural development cycle of a business when the market moves like it does today. If we go into commercial property development, same thing here, obviously the impairments that were announced on January 10 of 1.4 billion completely marked the quarter result wise. We recognize a loss of 930 million. in the isolated quarter. Underlying that, we also sold, as Anders already said, four properties, here booking a gain of sale of 600 million in the quarter there. And the main, if you didn't read sort of the press release on Jan 10th, I think it's good to point out that the main impact of the impairments are to be found in the US part of the commercial development operation, because that is where the divestment market and also the leasing market is the weakest at the moment. Unrealized and realized gains. We closed 2023 with an assessment that we have around four and a half billion in unrealized gains in the CD portfolio down then from from the third quarter with around 1.6 billion. In this change of 1.6 billion, there are some puts and takes because we started some projects, we sold off some other projects, but we also made a fairly large change in these values in the sort of quarterly valuation exercise that you saw that we released on January 10th then again. So in total here, we come down and we exit the the fourth quarter with four and a half billion in expected unrealized gains. This is the completion profile of the portfolio. And just to remind you, we have at the end of the quarter 22 properties that are completed and unsold. We have invested 9.5 billion in these properties. And furthest to the left of the chart, you can also see with the green dot that they are leased to 74% on the average. It's a good level of leasing. in these properties and they are generating a good income but they are not sold yet then if you track to the right you can see all the properties that are not yet completed and each quarter shows the amount of expected completion in terms of total investment by quarter here So in the first quarter this year, 2024, we expect to complete properties for an investment value of around 2 billion, and then slightly less than that in the second quarter, and quite a lot in the third quarter this year. In that, we have a number of US projects that are expected to be completed, and these projects are normally larger. and which makes this bar be quite high. So it's around 11 billion of investment value that we expect to complete there. If you look at the leasing rates here, 48% for the properties that we think we will complete in Q1, then we have 70% for what we expect to complete in the second quarter, 18% for what we expect to complete in the third quarter. Now, Anders already brought it up, and a few days back we released or announced one of the largest, actually the largest lease ever in Skanska's history in nominal terms. which is in one of these properties in the northwestern part of the US, a city called Seattle, that will bring this up substantially, up to over 50%. So while leasing is slow, when you have sort of class A properties that are brand new with the highest level of amenities, customers are really interested in that. But it is a slow market, and we have to invest a lot more time today to find and sign the leases. And here we come to Lisa Stan. You recognize this short since before we leased just above 60,000 square meters in the quarter. And we are now on a rolling 12 months basis around just shy of 200,000. square meters leased. So leasing is starting to turn up a little bit. And if we look on the different markets, very little has, in a sense, changed comparatively speaking, because the best leasing market today is the Central European one. Following that, the Nordics and the sort of slowest market remains to be the US market. investment properties we made changes in the fair value assessment of these properties of 165 million in the isolated quarter obviously then impacting the result to minus 129 million the operating net though remains at a good level of 42 million in the isolated quarter In Q4 we also transacted two new properties, one in the Stockholm area and one in Malmö in the southern parts of Sweden from the commercial development business stream into investment properties to an approximate value of one and a half billion. Properties are well leased. And of course, with a 91% leasing, there's not a whole lot of square meters to offer the market. But what we offer is, of course, of high interest there. So good start still of this business dream, and we continue to build it up in the coming years. If you look on the group on a consolidated level, we just went through the business streams and then we have what we call the central stream containing legacy operations and the headquarter organization. Normally this is we record a cost here. This quarter we record a fairly significant profit of 607 million. The reason for that is that we late in Q4 divested our ownership share in the joint venture that owns LaGuardia Airport. and booked from that a gain on divestment of close to 800 million that is recorded in the central stream here. All the other items that you will find in the central stream is essentially at same levels as before, so nothing you need to sort of bring with you to understand the development of the group here. Operating income, 957. Net financials, fairly uneventful in a sense. Not a lot has happened there. Taxes, 110 million at 10%, seems quite low. And the reason for that are sort of the mix effects over different tax jurisdictions with different nominal tax rates and how that mix is impacted when we have significant impairments in the US, which is a high tax environment for us. So then we have this effect there. There's nothing else that sort of structural nature that you need to recall and bring with you when you assess the company. So it's a one-off impact like that. Taking us down then to a profit for the period at the bottom line of a billion and 2.48 Swedish kronors per share. Cash flow, we had a very strong cash flow in the fourth quarter of 4.8 billion, driven to a large extent by us net divesting in the properties, and also good cash inflow from networking capital, which is quite usual in the fourth quarter, as many public clients sort of settle early in the fourth quarter. So there was a positive impact there, and you can see that the cash flow curve was so with the blue bar furthest to your right shows a sort of a very good cash flow in the fourth quarter. And if we look at the working capital in construction, here you can see the effect I was just talking to you about. The dark blue bars represent the fourth quarter, and they are normally sort of a bit of an uptick from the previous three quarters, as we have this effect there. In a slightly longer perspective, you can track our key KPI here, which is working capital over revenue, marked by the green line in the chart. And you can see that it has sort of slowly been decreasing to some extent. following in a sense that the change in the external environment that money is starting to be associated with the cost. So even our clients, we need to negotiate a little bit more with them to achieve the front-loaded payment plans that we prefer. Investments and divestments, we had a good divestment quarter, as you can see in the chart, and capital employed in the property operations, both the investment properties and the product development parts, totaled around 60 billion at the end of quarter. We had a very significant liquidity position at our disposal going out of 2023 close to 28 billion of which around 10 billion then is connected to undrawn or unused credit facilities so very well positioned in terms of liquidity and of the central funding that we have taken up around half of that is from the credit markets half of it are in form of bank loans you can see on the on the slide here also the maturity structure that we have over the drawn down funds which is a well-balanced maturity structure over the years to come here So we feel very confident about our liquidity situation in that sense, which is very important. We are a big property developer becoming a big property owner, and we have a bit weakish sort of divestment markets here. So this is important to us. And if we look at the overall financial position, we closed the year with 56 billion in equity, 56.3 to be exact, and a net cash position of 9 billion, and just a net cash stand of 10.4 billion. So we remain with a very solid financial position taking us into 2024. Something that gives comfort to clients that we discuss with. They know that we will be around. We will not be forced to make sort of rash decisions for any financial reason. And it also gives us the nice position to be and to own our own decisions at any given point in time. We can really make the decisions based on what is best for the company from a commercial point of view, instead of having to cover for sort of a financial position. So very good position to be in.

So I will go through the market outlook and start with construction. And here we can see a mixed picture. As I said earlier, it's a strong market in the US, both for civil and building. And we see a mixed picture in Europe. We have seen a weak market when it comes to building. and it's driven by low activity on residential construction and commercial construction in Europe. We see a strong market in Norway when it comes to civil. There is actually something that has strengthened this quarter, so that is encouraging, and we have been successful there as well. Otherwise, it's a stable infrastructure market in Sweden and Central Europe, Central Europe, we can see a lot of EU funds coming into the market, supporting the infrastructure market there. And also in Sweden, we see that they're starting projects. Weaker market in the UK and Finland, definitely on the civil side. And the UK overall is, I would say UK and Finland, the weakest market we have in Europe. residential development unchanged outlook weak market we expect the market to be continue week the next 12 months we we see some higher activities more people are showing up on our sales activities but takes a bit a while before they take the decision i would expect interest rates needs to go down a bit before we can see the market takes off again but the underlying need is there so i think we are in the in the right geographies and i'm also think we're we have a good product to offer the market when when it returns same for commercial property development uh we expected to continue to be to be weak the coming 12 months And we see higher activity in the leasing still the investor market remains hesitant. But we can see that the the profit on the divestment were made he made is on a good level, so that confident we are and to minus point, we have a healthy. Leasing ratio in the complete the project so it's still gives us an income over time investment properties. Stable market we have 91% least in the portfolio, we have today, and we are determined to continue to develop that we think it's. The right thing to do high quality very attractive office building here here in Sweden. And the rents, they are expected to remain stable. We have seen that the rents are actually stable, even though the leasing market has been slow for a while. So to conclude the quarter, the performance, strong performance in construction, residential development, lower than normal sales, even though it picks up a little bit here in the fourth quarter. And commercial property development for properties divested in Sweden and in the US. Investment properties, two high quality properties were acquired during the quarter here. Property asset values impacted by weak markets with the impairment charges we took. And we have proposed a dividend of 5.5 crowns per share. And we're maintaining a strong financial position. With that, I leave it to Antonia to open up the Q&A.

Thank you. Okay, so now we will open up for your questions. And as I mentioned before, if you're watching us online, then you can join the telephone conference to ask your questions there. I would encourage you to use the HD audio link that provides better sound quality, both for yourself and us here on stage. And for those of you that are here with us in the room, you can just please raise your hand and we will start with questions from the room. So we will start over here, Stefan.

A couple of questions first on construction. The U.S. margin there, just to clarify, did you have any provisions that you released in the quarter, or is that a clean quarter in the U.S.? ?

It is a clean quarter, so we have no one-off effect in the quarter. So it's a strong performance.

And then coming back to the comment you made about the UK and the weak margin there, is there one-offs in there? You indicated that it's a quarterly issue more than that this is a new level that you are struggling with and working with. Was that the correct impression, or is this the level you are at the moment and need to improve further?

No, this is not the level that we are satisfied with. But the market is getting weaker in the UK. And of course, that affects how much profit you can sort of recognize from projects. And then, as I think you know, and many others who follow us, isolated quarter, it goes a bit up and down. And when you have a couple of things that sort of coincide, you get a quarter that is not where you would like to have the margins. But this is not sort of a level we foresee the UK business to be at, structurally speaking.

Okay, good. On the residential side, revenues were a little bit higher than I thought. You sold a little bit more, but you also started some. Just to, if you could indicate a little bit on the starts, did you have a relatively high level of pre-sold there or was it more on speculation?

It's more, we have started probably where we think it's the right location. In markets where we have seen that we have a good sales rate in the ongoing portfolio and where we have seen project that are close to completion. So that's quite low sales rate in the starter project.

Okay, good. And my final question is probably difficult to answer since you already adjust your values. But on the commercial side in the US, there is definitely some concerns in general. How pleased are you with your values there? Are you following the market? Are you still... concerned about the valuations you have on on the portfolio there and also on the cd side um could you indicate how much that is commercial versus what is resi and you could also exclude public commercial or public offices so to speak so what is pure commercial over there

Yeah, I want to start with the first one. Are we concerned about the valuations? No, obviously not. I mean, I think this is a good question because it gives me the opportunity to talk a bit about it. We have made a tremendous effort during the fourth quarter to dig into the matter of property valuations. As I think everyone that is active in this sector is aware of, it's sort of the level of information that is available to anyone who tries to sign a value to property is very limited compared to what we have seen over the last 15 years. And there's a very high bid ask between buyer and seller. Of course, there is uncertainty in valuations, generally speaking, which makes it sort of a necessity for a company such as to really try to dig into all angles and try to find any supporting information on what we think it could transact for once you sell it. So we're very sort of pleased with where we are today because we think that really reflects the market where we are. But in terms of the sort of future development, I would say nothing because that's very hard to say. Somewhere down the line, hopefully sooner than later, buyers and sellers will start to meet again. And that will be the point in time when I think everyone will see, you know, who was right and who was wrong in that. But we are not fully there yet. And then you had a question about the difference between commercial and residential development in the US was that correct? Yeah, okay. Yeah, yeah. Well, let's say we have probably be two thirds his offices, but roughly.

Okay, thank you. So with that, I will move over to the phone conference. And I will ask you to start by limiting yourself to two questions per person. And then if we have time for more questions, you can just hop on the queue again and we'll get back to you. So operator, can you please introduce the first caller to us?

Anyone who has a question may press star one at this time. The first question comes from the line of Graham Hunt with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Yes, good morning. Thank you very much for the questions. Yeah, I'll stick to two. First, I don't know, could you elaborate a little bit on the weakness that you're seeing in the UK construction market, specifically which end markets are you exposed to there that you're seeing incremental weakness in Q4? And then second question on the RESI portfolio. Are you complete, more or less, with the restructuring actions you're taking in Book Look in 2023? Or is there still more to go there to right-size that business for the current level of activity in 2024? Thank you.

Okay, thank you, Graham. If I start with the UK market, we can see slow activity. We can also see that the government, they are not pushing out projects in the same pace that we have seen before. And we can also see that the private sector, the commercial developers in London, for example, where we have a large operation, they are also more hesitant to start new projects. So that's the reason why we have have a low or a weak market outlook for the coming 12 months there. And on the rest of Boklok, there has been major restructuring done in Boklok. We have reduced the number of employees with close to 60% during the year. But we're not out of the woods. The market is still very tough for that segment, the low-cost segment. The clients in this segment, they are having difficulties to financing and buy a parchment. So I expect this to continue to be a tough, tough times for the book. And I cannot rule out any further action there.

Thank you.

The next question comes from the line of Arno Lehmann with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Thank you very much and good morning. My first question is on the investment plan. If we look back on some of your slides in commercial development, you highlight that you will have significant COMPLETIONS IN THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2024. OBVIOUSLY YOU STARTED MUCH FEWER NEW COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE LAST MONTH. DOES THAT IMPLY A MUCH LOWER LEVEL OF INVESTMENT FROM THE SECOND HALF OF 2024 INTO 2025? OR ARE YOU PLANNING TO RAMP UP MORE NEW PROJECTS IN CD, MAYBE TRYING TO ANTICIPATE SOME RECOVERY EVENTUALLY? THAT'S MY FIRST QUESTION. And my second question is on the decision to reduce the dividend to 5.5. I mean, considering as you highlighted your cash flow generation and the strength of your balance sheet, can you elaborate on the decision to reduce the dividend? Thank you.

This is Magnus. I will take your first question and Anders will follow up about the dividend. In terms of starts in commercial development, if you look at the information we provide you with around the completion profile, one thing that stands out immediately is the large amount that we still have to sell. So we can only sort of start in a sense, if we know we sell, we can't start and continue to build up a balance of what is unsold. So with the divestment markets being so slow, we need to be very selective with projects that we start. And of course, that is a little bit of a mix of geographies and project performance and so on. We like to have good things to sell in the geographies that we really believe in. So in some cases, we start projects. We started some projects in Q4. But overall, given the size of the portfolio, we are now... in a period where we start very little new projects. And we will sort of have to wait until we can see the divestment market coming back again before it's possible to really, with some certainty, pencil business cases for new starts. We would really like to have a solid business case that we firmly believe in before we go and start a project.

I can comment on the dividend. This dividend proposal is representing 70% of the earnings, which is in the higher end of the ambition we have as a company to dividend between 40 and 70%. And I think it's a well-balanced proposal, considering where we are, that we have a profitable construction stream, we have a strong financial position, We also determined to keep the financial strong position for the future. That is very good thing to have and gives us a competitive advantage. So in my view, well-balanced proposal.

Thank you so much. As a reminder, if you wish to register for a question, please press star followed by one. The next question comes from the line of Gregor Kuglic with UBS. Please go ahead.

Oh, hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to get an update on the sort of cash in and out, I guess, particularly in CD. I think in the capital markets day there was some information, but now you've sort of crystallized some of the cash in, I think, particularly in commercial in quarter four. So can you just remind us how much cash is to be collected on disposals you've already signed and then equally the investment commitments, which I think we can kind of see in the accounts. I think it's maybe 12 billion, but correct me if I'm wrong, just on CD. So maybe a summary of that, please. And then secondly, on working capital, you sort of flagged a little bit more Pressure, let's say, a challenge in terms of keeping the ratio up. I mean, what's the latest thinking where that ratio on free working capital in construction heads towards? Do you think that will continue to decline as a percentage of revenues in the coming years or quarters? Thank you.

Hi Greg, this is Magnus. I will try to answer your questions. So let's start with CD then. The commercial development business has always been different from the residential development business in the sense that if you back up a few years at least, you could sell a residential unit basically one or two years before it was completed. And in that sense, securing a future cash flow for the business, a cash inflow. In the commercial development business, this has really not been the operating mode or the business model. It happens in certain cases, but the absolute majority of the deals You sort of make the deal, you sign it, you hand it over, you collect within a very short time frame. So you have, normally speaking, you have very little committed cash inflow in the commercial development business. Now, where we are today, we have a committed inflow of 800 million in 2024. And then I think it's roughly 5 or 6 billion committed beyond 2024, so to speak. But apart from that, it's the divestments we need to find and we need to sign them. And then you're absolutely correct. We do sort of report the total investment at completion for all the properties in our quarterly report. We also report how much investments we have accrued to date and the differential between these two are obviously our sort of investment commitments in the ongoing properties done. So what you do not get clearly is the sort of profile over time on when these are supposed to happen, but you will get some indications from the completion profile on that. So these two are important pieces of information that we sort of give in the quarterly report to make sure that you can get the feeling for how we are looking at the cash in and out flow and what is committed and not. Then if I move over to networking capital and the capital ratio, it's a very difficult thing to anticipate because the payment plans, project by project, over say 6,000 to 8,000 projects or something like that, is what makes up the total networking capital position and hence the networking capital ratio that you refer to. And these are then negotiated with the same amount of clients, so to speak. So while we have a very good overview of the current position and the decay of a current position, because at the end of the day, there will not be working capital, money that's coming in, it's very difficult to anticipate the future negotiations in this. And we have seen this in many cases. But what is positive with it in a sense that despite the uncertainty of the development, any change in that will go very slow because the profile of the network capital in the company in the construction part can only change with the sort of rotation of the construction portfolio. When you have thousands and thousands of projects, you don't make a churn of the whole portfolio within the course of a year. I mean, it takes years to churn the portfolio and hence to impact the networking capital. So therefore, we sort of always think conservatively about the network and capital development. But I don't think there's any reason to be sort of immediately alarmed about the development, because any change will take time and it will go slow.

Thank you.

Thank you.

The next question is a follow up from Graham Hunt with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Thanks for allowing the follow up. Maybe two on construction. I mean, you've been printing margins at or above your target for some time now. I wondered if you could comment at all on your ability to maybe push profitability in that division higher, particularly to see some of the regional markets improve and signing some potentially higher margin contracts. I saw you signed a data center project recently. Are those higher margin profile contracts that you're signing? And then second question, could you just comment on the state of the labor supply or specifically labor scarcity in construction and what you're seeing there and if that's affecting your business at all? Thank you.

Thank you start with the first question the margin i'm very satisfied that we have been able to keep the level of three and a half percent or above the last few years, it has been quite some time with before we were that lost so that is good achievement and also think we have a. Good order backlog. The quality in the backlog today is good. It's on a much healthier level that we saw some years ago. We have a large part of the backlog as so-called dead revenue. We don't see that today. So we're unconfident. And of course, in the market, they are good. For example, in the U.S., We see that we can push up the margin. So my ambition for the future is definitely not to be satisfied on a three and a half. The target is three and a half or above. And of course, we always struggle to and aiming to improve. So that's what I can say about that. The labor scarcity is not a big issue for us. We have been handling that in a very good way throughout the pandemic and throughout after the war broke out in Ukraine. So I think the organization has done a very good job there. i also think that we as an employer we are attractive so that's also a good thing for us so people wants to work for skanska and so we have not have any issue to get the right people in place plus we are always very careful before we bid project we don't go for project if we don't see that we have the right team in place and the labor so that we can get enough labor to the project as well. So that is also a way we meet how to mitigate that.

Thanks very much.

The next question comes from the line of Nicolas Mora with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Yes, good morning, gentlemen.

Just a couple from me. First one on construction and on the order intake. Throughout 2023, we've seen that you relied, let's say, more and more on large projects. Does it mean that the smaller projects, most likely will be most due to small REZI and non-REZI projects, are then lacking and will pressure the revenues into 2024 and the first quarter of 2025? That's the first question. And second, coming back on Graham's question on margins, When we look at the potential in the U.S. to further push up the margin, and looking at 24, is it enough to offset the weakness we've seen in Q4 in the U.K., which we might have to see basically a weakness in Q24 as well? Is there enough basically under the hood to offset any potential weakness, especially, yes, in the U.K. from the U.S.? ?

Thank you for your questions. I will take the first one and Anders will follow up on the second one. In terms of the order mix, if I understand your question correctly, you're really asking that we're releasing a lot of big jobs today. So what about the underlying sort of small order development? We don't see a sort of material change in that. that's i think that's what we can say it goes a bit up and down uh we've had inflation and so on so i guess over the last five or seven years what was one size back then costs a lot more today also which impacts a bit how much you release and how big you consider these orders to be from a nominal perspective even if the physical work is the same But there is no material change in that. What we do see a bit is that the bigger jobs have become bigger in certain markets, meaning that the order backlog we have can sort of provide us with work further out into the future. But it's not a major shift in any way. But I'd say in some places, especially in the civil part of the market, it's sort of moving slowly in that direction.

And the second part of your question, the margins, if a weaker margin in the UK can be offset by the stronger margin in the US. Yes, definitely. We can see that already today that we have much higher profitability in the US and I don't expect that to change over time. We have a strong market and a very good order backlog in the US. what we are doing we're still prioritizing profit before volume so in market where we don't see that we can have a healthy profitability we rather reduce the amount of operation and we have done so during the year last year you can look at the the number of employees has reduced to the year before we're around thousand people so that is due and that is action we have taken uh to mitigate the weak market in especially in parts of Europe but the I don't aiming for anything less than going for our overall Target in construction over time on in on the US margin front I know you don't report the the split between in front and building anymore but in terms of

if we think about the verticals in, let's say, kind of tech construction, data centers, and and commercial real estate, are there big differences in your ability to deliver the high margins we've seen, big discrepancies between the different verticals?

As you say, we don't split up that in the report, but I can say that the performance are good both in civil and building in the U.S. It's different business models, but if you look at the different performance, it's strong performance all over.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, there was the last question. I'll hand over to Skanska for any closing remarks.

Excellent. Thank you. So that means that we have now answered all of your questions and it's time to finish up here for today. So first of all, thank you Anders and Magnus for your presentations. And then thank you for your questions and the people joining us here in the room. Thank you. We will be back with a presentation of our first quarter report in May, beginning of May. And a recorded version of this presentation will be available on our webpage shortly after this. Thank you and have a good day.