Telesat Corporation

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. My name is Desiree and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Telesat fourth quarter 2025 financial results. All lines having place on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during this time, simply press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. If you would like to withdraw your question again, press the star one. I would now like to turn the conference over to James Ratcliffe, Vice President of Investor Relations. You may begin.

James Ratcliffe Thank you, Desiree, and good morning, everyone. This morning, we filed our annual report for the period ending December 31st, 2025 on Form 20F with the SEC and on CDAR+. Our remarks today may contain forward-looking statements. There are risks that tell us that actual results may differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of known and unknown risks and uncertainties. For a discussion of known risks, please see TELUSAT's annual report and updates filed with the SEC. TELUSAT assumes no responsibility to update or revise these forward-looking statements. I will now turn the call over to Dan Goldberg, TELUSAT's President and Chief Executive Officer.

Dan Goldberg Okay. Thanks, James, and thank you all for joining us this morning. I'll say a few words about the business and our focus for this year, and then I'll hand over to Donald to speak to the numbers in more detail, and we'll then open the call up to questions. I'm pleased with the results we achieved last year and the steps we've taken to position Telesat for significant growth and to capture the compelling opportunities we're seeing in the market today. Our geo business faces structural challenges, We've discussed that before, but we came in ahead of our adjusted EBITDA guidance for last year, and within the constraints of what's essentially a fixed-cost business, we've optimized our cost structure where we can to maximize the cash flow of that business. Turning to Leo, I'm very pleased with the significant progress we've been making on Lightspeed, including the very tangible progress on the development of the network. the satellites, the multiple software platforms that power the constellation and support our customers, and the development of the advanced user terminals and landing stations that comprise the terrestrial portion of the Lightspeed network. It's very positive, and it's very exciting. As we've said previously, our first satellites are scheduled to launch at the end of this year, and then we have a very heavy launch cadence planned throughout next year, 2027. Although our expectation has been for Lightspeed to enter full global commercial service around the end of next year, it now looks like we'll enter service about three months later than that, so around the end of Q1, 2028. The cause of the slight slip is the readiness of the chips, the ASICs, which power the onboard processor and phased array antennas of the Lightspeed satellites. These chips were being developed by Satix 5, which some of you may know was acquired by MDA last year. The delivery of these chips is one of the key schedule risks our program faced, and for that reason, we were pleased that MDA acquired Satix 5, given that MDA has much greater financial and technical resources and is also our prime contractor for the Lightspeed satellites. We're tracking the development of these chips pretty forensically. And based on that and the assurances we're getting from MDA, we feel good that the chips will be available in time to support the program schedule. Turning to the commercial landscape for Lightspeed, it's absolutely the case that global market dynamics are involving in ways that I believe are very accretive to the Lightspeed business case. The fact of the matter is, There's a transition taking place across the verticals we serve toward LEO. The impressive progress Starlink has achieved is a clear testament to that. And so, too, are the very significant opportunities we're seeing for Telesat Lightspeed. Last year, as you know, we signed a substantial agreement with Viasat to use Lightspeed for a range of services, prominently among them broadband to commercial airlines. Airlines and business jet users around the world are showing a strong appetite for high throughput, low latency satellite connectivity, and light speed has been optimized to serve their fast-growing requirements. But without a doubt, some of the most compelling near-term opportunities we're pursuing are in the government defense market. I've said on previous calls that we've become increasingly bullish on the government and defense opportunity for Telesat Lightspeed, and the trends there only continue to get better. The geopolitical environment is driving once-in-a-generation increases in defense investments by allied countries globally, with defense organizations increasingly focused on the need for mission-critical, resilient, reliable, high-throughput and low-latency satellite communication services from dependable providers. Indeed, the Government of Canada, in its recently released Defense Industrial Strategy, identified satellite communications as a critical sovereign capability, pledging in the first instance to procure these important services from Canadian companies like Telesat in order to meet its and Canada's allies' sovereignty and security requirements. with the Arctic a particularly important area of focus. And Canada certainly isn't alone in identifying the need for advanced LEO services for defense and sovereignty purposes. The US, the EU, Germany, Italy, South Korea are just a few of the governments that have plans to procure such capabilities. Given the fact that Lightspeed was designed from the very outset to meet the demanding requirements of defense users, Telesat is well positioned to meet those needs. To give you a few examples of those opportunities, Telesat Government Solutions, our U.S. subsidiary, has received an IDIQ contract under the U.S. SHIELD program, making us an approved supplier for the over $150 billion Golden Dome project, in which robust and resilient connectivity plays a key role. In Korea, we recently signed an MOU with Hanwha Systems, a leading provider of defense equipment and services to the Korean and other governments, to work together on leveraging the Telesat Lightspeed solution and Hanwha's defense offerings, as well as to develop user terminals compatible with Telesat Lightspeed. And of course, as we announced in December, TELOSAT and MDA have been selected by the Government of Canada to develop and deploy the Enhanced Satellite Communications Project Polar, known as ESCAPE, a next-generation satellite communications platform to provide connectivity for the Canadian Armed Forces in the far north. This is a significant opportunity for us, and we're working with our partners to get under contract for that as soon as possible. In light of the order of magnitude of the opportunity to serve allied defense users, and as you may have seen in our separate release this morning, we're further optimizing telesat light speed for defense requirements by adding military KA spectrum, or MIL-KA as it's called, to our initial 156 light speed satellites. And we fully expect additional satellites will add to the constellation in the future, will also have MIL-KA capability. Specifically, we're dedicating 500 megahertz of our light speed capacity to MIL-KA, which is 25% of the total spectrum that light speed will operate on. Because MIL-KA spectrum is adjacent to the commercial K-band spectrum used by light speed, the change in frequency plan is a straightforward one. resulting in no adverse schedule impact and only a modest cost impact. And when I say modest cost impact, the cost is around 25 million U.S. dollars, which is, I don't know, less than a half a percent of the total program cost for the first 156 satellites. The 500 megahertz of MIL-KA will replace the same amount of commercial KA band spectrum on the network's user link. That's the link between the satellites and the user terminals that our customers will have. With the gateway link, so that's the link between the satellites and our gateways located at various locations throughout the world, the gateway link is unaffected by the spectrum change. Allied defense users want MIL-K8 capability, and with this change to light speed, we'll be able to offer a very substantial increase to the total current global supply of MIL-K8 with performance capabilities that are vastly superior to the MIL-K8 platforms that allied governments have historically relied upon. Specifically, because we're offering it from LEO on a highly flexible, highly advanced constellation. It will be more resilient, more secure, more high throughput, and lower latency, and it'll cover the entire planet, including the poles, which means, of course, the Arctic. As you can probably tell, we're very excited about this change to light speed and about the opportunities we're seeing out there. We're very bullish on light speed's prospects, and I'd say now more than ever. Donald will take you through our financial expectations for 2026, but I wanted to say a few words about our key priorities for the year. In LEO, naturally, we're laser-focused on successfully and timely deploying Telesat Lightspeed while expanding our revenue backlog in advance of global commercial availability. given the various opportunities we're pursuing, we're very optimistic we'll be successful in meaningfully growing our light speed backlog this year. In our geo business, our focus remains on maximizing the revenue we can generate from our existing satellite fleet, while at the same time being highly disciplined on costs in order to mitigate as much as possible the EBITDA and cash flow impact of the ongoing revenue decline in that business. And of course, we remain very focused on refinancing the Telesat Canada debt, the debt that's tied to our legacy GEO business. We continue to work closely with our advisors who are engaged with the advisors representing some of the larger lenders with the aim of reaching a successful result prior to the initial debt maturities in December of this year. So I'll end my remarks there and hand over to Donald to go over the numbers. And while this is the first time you'll be hearing from Donald, he's already been on board since last October and has come up to speed as we knew he would very quickly. So Donald, that official welcome, over to you.

Thank you, Dan, and good morning, everyone. I'm very pleased to be joining you this morning and to do my first call as Telesat CFO. My prepared remark today will focus on highlights from this morning's press release and filings, including our guidance for 2026. Telesat ended the year 2025 with reported revenue of $418 million, adjusted EBITDA of $213 million, and with $510 million of cash on the balance sheet. In the fourth quarter of 2025, LSAT report revenue were $94 million and adjusted EBDA was $40 million. Revenue in 2025 were in line with our expectation and our guidance. Adjusted EBDA of $213 million, including $33 million in expense relating to our equity distribution in Q3 and our debt refinancing process. was well above our guidance of $170 to $190 million. Due to higher than anticipated capitalized labor to our Lightspeed project, lower than expected increase in our headcount, and except for the equity distribution and debt refinancing expense, lower OPEX in our legacy GEO business segment. Interest expense for 2025 totaled $218 million, down from $240 million in 2024 and $270 million in 2023, reflecting our buyback of U.S. $857 million of Telesat Canada debt. Non-cash interest expense of $29 million incurred on Telesat Lightspeed financing was capitalized in 2025. Net loss for the year was $530 million compared to $302 million in 2024. The negative variance of $220 million was principally due to reduced revenue and EBITDA, impairment of goodwill relating to our geo-business. We also recorded an increase in the derivative liability relating to the TEOSAT Lightspeed Financing Warrant caused by the meaningful increase in the valuation of the project as we are making strong progress on the development of the constellation. This was partially offset by a foreign exchange gain associated with the impact of stronger Canadian dollar on our U.S. dollar-denominated debt at the end of the year. EBITDA from our legacy geo-business segment totaled $284 million, or $317 million, excluding $33 million of expense related to the equity distribution and debt refinancing-related costs. representing a margin of 77% down from 80% in 2024. LEO's loss before interest, tax depreciation and amortization for the year was $67 million, driven by operating expense of $72 million, which were slightly below our guidance, updated in October 2025 of $75 to $85 million, reflecting higher capitalized labor and slower pace of hiring in 2025. Capital expenditure in 2025 on an accrued basis were $708 million, of which nearly all were related to telethon light speed. This was below our expectation and our guidance of $900 million to $1.1 billion for a year. This was mostly attributable to milestone payment we expect to make to MDE last year that will be made in 2026. In September, we distributed 62% of the equity of Telesat Lightspeed to an all-young subsidiary of Telesat Corporation to provide us with more flexibility to raise capital in the future. Through our advisor, we are engaged with the advisor of the Adam Group of Lander with the objective of successfully refinancing Telesat Canada's debt before it matures in 2026 and 2027. You will note NN's disclosure in our financial statement and MD&A regarding liquidity given the need to refinance U.S. $1.7 billion of debt in Teosat Canada coming due in December 2026. Teosat Canada financial statements were prepared on an ongoing concert basis as usual. I would now like to turn to our financial guidance for 2026, which were disclosed in our press release earlier this morning. We've modified our disclosure in an effort to provide guidance that track the metric we focus on as we run the business. We are, therefore, providing guidance for revenue and adjusted EBITDA of our legacy geo-business segment. For the Leo business segment, we're providing guidance for the total amount we will invest in Lightspeed in 2026, including operating costs incurred and capitalized labor and interest. We believe this approach will provide investors with the information they need to track our investment and progress in the Lightspeed project. On the geo side, we expect 26 revenue of between $300 million and $320 million, representing a year-on-year decline of $90 to $110 million compared to 2025, roughly evenly split between our broadcast and enterprise segments. In broadcast, we expect revenue from DISH to decline due to the reduced usage of NIMIC 5 and the end of the ANIC F3 contract in April 2025. Revenue from Bell are also expected to decline due to the expiration of its contract on NIMIC 4 satellite in October 2025. On the enterprise side, the largest impact comes from declining revenue under our restructure contract with Xplore the vast majority of which being non-cash, as well as our T14R satellite reaching end of life. With lower expected revenue, we expect geo-segment adjusted EBDE to be between $210 and $220 million in 2026, excluding any expense related to our debt refinancing process. As a reminder, these costs, plus the costs related to the transfer of 62% of Telesat LEO, amounted to $33 million in 2025. In the LEO segment, we expect to spend between $1 billion and $1.2 billion on telesatellite speed in 2026, including operating costs, capitalized labor, and interest and capital expenditure incurred with third-party vendors and suppliers. I'll note that our guidance assumes an average exchange rate of $1.38 per U.S. dollar. Turning to our cash and liquidity position, we add approximately $206 million of cash on hand at the end of 2025 in our geo-business segment, and the business continues to generate healthy cash flows. We believe the combination of this cash on hand and the cash flow generated by our legacy geoassets in 2026 to be sufficient to meet all the company obligations prior to Telesat Canada debt maturing in December. In the LEO segment, we end the year with $337 million in cash on hand. This, combined with $1.82 billion available under our Telesat Lightspeed financing and US $325 million available from our vendor financing, is expected to be sufficient to fully fund the Telesat Lightspeed project until it achieves global commercial service. Before I conclude my prepared remark, I would like to confirm that we are in compliance with all covenants in our creative agreement and indenture. I also want to remind everyone that Section 5 of R20F include the unaudited condensed consolidated financial information. I'll now turn the call back to the operator for the Q&A. Thank you.

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you have dialed in and would like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad to raise your hand and join the queue. If you would like to withdraw your question, simply press star 1 again. If you are called upon to ask your question and are listening via speakerphone in your device, please pick up your handset to ensure that your phone is not on mute when asking your question. We do request for today's session that you please limit to one question and one follow-up question only. Thank you. And our first question comes from the line of David McPhagen with ATB Cormark. Your line is open.

All right. Hi, guys. So a couple of questions. Maybe I'll start off with the decision to put some of the lightspeed capacity on the military KA ban. So I thought that, you know, when you would do that, you would also announce a deal with the Canadian Armed Forces. Those kinds of guys didn't announce that at the same time. Do you still expect a deal with the Canadian Armed Forces where it would license part of that military KA ban spectrum?

Good morning, David. It's Dan. So it was back in December that we announced, by we announced, you know, we were joined by the Government of Canada and MDA, and it was announced that MDA and Telesat had been selected to form a strategic partnership with the Government of Canada to deliver ESCAPE. And what, you know, is known about ESCAPE is Well, a few things. One, it's a multi-frequency band constellation for support in the Arctic of Canada's kind of defense and sovereignty requirements. It's MIL-KA. It is X-band and UHF, so all kind of spectrum that defense users frequently use. And so, you know, while it was announced back in December, we're still not under contract, which is not a surprise. It takes some time to do that. And so we and by we, I mean, tell us that an MDA are currently engaged with the government of Canada, you know, working on that. We're focused on getting that done. sooner than later. And so because we're still negotiating everything and it's not done yet, you know, we can't say exactly what it is the constellation will look like. It is the case that by putting MIL-KA on light speed, you know, light speed is better situated to meet some of those requirements. But we're not in a position to say anything more about that right now. But we are focused on getting that contract done certainly before the end of this year.

Okay. So I would imagine that you could also sell that military K-band capacity to other defense departments around the world, right? Like the Canadian Armed Forces isn't going to take the entire 500 megahertz, or is it?

Yeah, listen, as I said in my remarks, the quantum of MIL-KA capacity that we're bringing to market by proliferating it across all of our satellites is a massive, It's a little hard to track this stuff because it's MOCA, so you don't know everything. But for instance, you know, the U.S. and its allies use the WGS network. The U.K. has Skynet. There are other kind of pockets of MOCA elsewhere. Historically, it's all been in GEO. But as you can imagine, the amount of capacity across those systems relative to what we're bringing on light speed I mean, whether it's an order of magnitude increase, but it is dramatically higher. And it's not just the sheer quantum of capacity we're bringing. The capacity that we're bringing, the performance characteristics are so much more compelling. It's, you know, high throughput, low latency, distributed, which makes it more resilient. It covers the poles, which, you know, there's a heavy focus on the Arctic right now for all sorts of reasons. And so, yes, you know, we will be able to make that capability available, not just to the government of Canada, but to all of the allied nations, NATO and and other allied governments. And not to go on for too long here, but, you know, there is a significant focus with military planners on having access to these kinds of capabilities given the nature of modern warfare, given the nature of the fact that so many more of the platforms that they use are high bandwidth, you know, consumption platforms, many of which operate autonomously and need these high throughput, low latency, very resilient, very secure links. So, we think about this as a very significant opportunity for Telesat, and we caught this at a great time. We caught it early enough in the build out of Lightspeed so that it's not schedule impactful. As I mentioned in my remarks, the cost is pretty trivial, But because we were already using the commercial KA and because the military KA band is immediately adjacent, the changes that needed to be made to accommodate the MIL-KA on light speed changed. were very straightforward. And look, this isn't something that we figured out last week. This is something that we had been thinking about, you know, for some time now. So we were able to do some advanced planning work with MDA to make sure that this would be as, you know, as easy, again, from a schedule perspective, from a cost perspective as possible. So we're really pleased about this.

Okay. Maybe I can just follow up on a comment you made. You know, you're talking about escape, right? Escape. You know, the military wants to be able to have a constellation running on X in UHF. Lightspeed just runs on KA. So do you envision another potential constellation here that you would be able to offer up that would run on X in UHF? Is that a possibility?

It's still a little premature to say. I mean, I really want us to get through the good work that's taking place right now with the government of Canada. And so, you know, again, we're we're wanting to move quickly on that. The good news is the government of Canada, as you probably heard, is. very much wanting to streamline and accelerate their procurement processes. So we've got a pretty, yeah, pretty motivated counterparty to move these discussions along. So all I would say is to, you know, to stay tuned on that.

And if I can just ask one more, I don't want to take up too much time, but Just for 2026 and the guidance, it would be really helpful if you could give us an idea on the EBITDA losses you would expect out of LEO. I think you can figure it out.

If you look at the guidance, I think what you have there is the total expenditures associated with light speed, so both CAPEX and OPEX, but we can break it down. I think it's $777 million in total, Donald, and can you give kind of a range for what we think the, you know, OPEX piece of that would be?

So, like, including the billion to billion one, there's probably somewhere between 90 to 110 million of, like, OPEX in light speed, That will incur this year, depending on how much labor we're capitalizing. And one of the reasons we decide to not show like the EBD specifically for for light speed is the like like like how much labor are we capitalizing versus expensing? Always difficult to predict when we're looking forward.

But each quarter we'll report on what it is so that everyone can tell what it is.

OK. All right. That's really helpful. Thank you. OK, thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Caleb Henry with Kilti Space. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks, guys. Just a question on the launch schedule with the three-month delay. Do you have a sense of how many satellites will be launched by the end of 2027 now?

Yeah, I think we can probably give a sense of that. So, you know, two things. We are still holding our launch schedule for our initial launch. So, you know, that is still, you know, being focused towards the end of this year. So that hasn't changed. And then our expectation is, you know, our, you know, significant launch cadence will, because we're going to launch those first satellites, and as we said before, we're going to test them extensively before we start launching, you know, the rest of the satellites. So by the time we launch the first two satellites, do the orbit raising, and then do the amount of testing that we and a bunch of our customers want to do, It'll be sort of mid-next year where we kick off with the heavy launch schedule. So by the end of the year, we will have enough satellites in orbit so that we can launch full global commercial coverage, but we slipped the date back a quarter because you still got to do the orbit raising and whatnot. So and for us to do full global coverage, that's about 96 satellites. So, you know, we should have 96 satellites at least in orbit by the end of next year. And then we're just going to, you know, just keep going. And so that's the plan.

Okay. And then on the MIL-KA, you talked about the spacecraft side. Can you share any updates on, does that require any new gateway infrastructure? And then on the user terminal side, will those MIL-KA user terminals be available at the same time as the commercial ones, or where is that in the development cycle?

Yeah, good question. So the gateway, because I mentioned in the opening remarks that the spectrum that we use for the gateway frequencies isn't changing. So the gateways are totally unimpacted. And then on the user terminal side, yes, there will be MIL-KA compatible user terminals for a variety of different platforms, ships, planes, drones, MANPACs that will be available. One of the, you know, great things about operating in commercial KA is that the MIL-KA is adjacent. And so, the user terminal partners that we've already been working with, their flat panel antennas, the modems and whatnot, can accommodate the addition of the MIL-KA. And so, we'll be engaging with, you know, all of our customers' defense commercial alike with a good family of advanced flat panel antennas. And by the way, we talk a lot about flat panel antennas. The parabolic antennas are still out there, and they are quite efficient. So those will be available, too, because they are good for certain applications. But, yes, those will be all available when we go into service.

All right. Thank you.

Question comes from the line of Edison Yu with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.

Hey, this is Laura of Edison, and thanks for taking my question. I want to follow up on that Canadian Arctic military communication constellation topic. So could you provide more sense on the backlog potentials from both the Canadian military and the others? and any additional span you anticipate, not just from the spectrum perspective, but for overall experts required compared to the baseline life speed?

So, on ESCAPE, first off, there's a lot of information about ESCAPE that's kind of publicly available. It's been a program of record for the Department of Defense here for many, many years. But I won't speculate just now on, you know, potential backlog impact, nor on kind of impacts to our broader plan, whether that's spending or revenue profile and whatnot. You know, we need to get through this contract negotiation with the government of Canada But I will say on backlog creation, you know, less about escape, but just a broader observation. As I mentioned in our opening remarks, the pipeline of activities for light speed is robust, and a lot of that right now in this environment relates to kind of defense applications, defense and sovereignty applications. And because of that, we are very bullish about our ability to significantly grow our backlog for Lightspeed this year. So, our expectation is this time next year, our backlog tied to LEO is fairly dramatically higher than it is today. You know, with the caveat, we've got to sign these deals. And with the caveat also that because, you know, because many of those opportunities are government related, government opportunities often kind of have a life of their own in terms of closing them. But notwithstanding that, that's our expectation, that we will be closing significant opportunities for Lightspeed this year and that that will have a very significant favorable impact on backlog for Lightspeed.

Okay, got you.

Appreciate it. Thank you.

Thank you. And again, if you would like to ask a question, press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. We do have our next question. It comes from the line of Walter Piasik with LightShad Ventures. Your line is open.

Hi, Dan.

on the spectrum change, this is probably like a tactical wonky question. I'm not fully understanding. Cause if I went back to like, I think it was the third quarter of 2024, as you may recall, I was asking about, you know, adding additional spectrums and you refer to that as payloads. And I think at the time you're like for the first 198 satellites, the ship has sailed, um, And that it didn't seem, and I think I've asked this question a couple times on earnings calls, that you couldn't add spectrum, because there was obviously some available that was out there, to the constellation to broaden out the services. So I'm guessing there's something different because there's a swap out, an FKA or whatever it is. But can you explain why that's the case? Or maybe if there's some update that this late in the game, you can actually change the spectrum that's in the constellation?

Yeah. First off, thanks for the question, Walter. My recollection is when you and others have asked that question in the past, it's mostly been in the context of D2D. So can you add spectrum for direct-to-device applications, whether that's L-band or S-band or C-band or whatnot. And there, because that spectrum is so far away from the 28 gigahertz band that the commercial KA band is in, you do. You would need a different payload to transmit on those frequencies, and that would be a very significant change to the satellite. If we wanted to support our you know, existing mission, broadband connectivity and KABAN, and add a direct-to-device payload, for instance, we would need a bigger satellite. I mean, it would be a very different thing. And so what's different here is the military KABAN As I said, it's also in the 28 gigahertz. It is contiguous with the commercial KA band. So we've really just shifted the frequency plan up by 500 megahertz for the user link. And that's a pretty easy modification. And so that's the difference.

Okay, well, that was very understandable and a lot less tactical than I was expecting, so I appreciate that.

You know, the great news is, Walter, you're talking to somebody who was a history major. So if I had asked our CTO to explain it, you might not have followed along. No, I'm kidding.

Let's not have the CTO get on. Those guys drone on forever. Let's just hear on Amazon. I mean, it feels like there's a slower rollout. They're getting hazed a little bit by the FCC chairmen. about their their rollout um but for you guys i mean obviously with the progress you're you're heading towards this first launch and the next year um no i'm sorry end of this year yeah that's what i said i thought i said maybe i misspoke uh and my point my question though is like because of the trump the the you know what's going on in amazon and your progress Have you found it easier to get the attention of some of these enterprise government customers? Are you seeing more kind of fluidity there and getting towards contracts than maybe six months ago? You know, both from your progress and also perhaps from Amazon's lack thereof.

I think, well, I won't. So we're certainly getting more engagement with the customer base, and I'd say particularly the defense, the government customer base. Part of that is we're just getting, as you point out, closer to being in service. A big part of it is... demand for this kind of capability has grown dramatically over the last, call it, you know, 12 plus months because of the changes in the geopolitical environment. And so some of that's been a function of everybody seeing how the Ukraine hostilities have unfolded. and how consequential access to Starlink is in a modern conflict. And when I say Starlink, I really mean an advanced LEO constellation that can support all sorts of things in a battlefield domain, whether that's, again, flying drones, communications with forward operating units, fighter jets, just all of that. So, part of it is we're getting closer. Part of it is there's a much greater focus on the need to have these kinds of capabilities from, you know, a diversity of suppliers. I think, you know, all these governments want to be able to work with a range of different consolation providers, in part just to have more resilience, more diversity, less vendor lock, you know, that kind of rationale. With respect to Amazon, you know, they're, as far as I can tell, they're coming. You know, it's taken them, I think, longer than they had anticipated. They point to, you know, the lack of launch opportunities, and we understand that. But I think the forward progress and the traction that we're getting in the market has a lot less to do about, you know, their schedule and just a whole lot more to do about, the capabilities that we're bringing, and this moment in time in terms of the geopolitical environment and what customers want. And then I've spoken a lot about defense, but these other verticals that we're focused on also are embracing LEO, whether that's aero, whether that's maritime, whether that's, you know, fixed enterprise, backhaul for M&Os, you're seeing significant traction in all those markets with Leo. And so there, for sure, as we get closer to being in service, all of these things have been very favorable tailwinds.

That's very comprehensive. Thank you. And I'm hoping you're planning on some type of launch party because Florida is a lovely place to be in December, especially for us.

Florida is lovely, but our launches will be coming out of Vandenberg.

Uh, that's California. That's fine. Even better.

But, but, but, but we will listen, we're going to be having a lot of launches, uh, you know, uh, in the next, you know, uh, 18 months. And so, uh, we'll have a lot of opportunity to, um, to celebrate that.

Awesome. Thank you. Thanks.

That concludes the question and answer session. I would like to turn the call back over to our CEO, Dan Goldberg, for closing remarks.

Okay. Well, operator, thank you very much. And thank you all for joining us this morning. And we look forward to speaking with you shortly when we release our first quarter results. So thank you very much.

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining in. You may now disconnect.