Northstar Clean Technologies Inc.

Good to go? Good to go. Excellent. Well, good afternoon and welcome everybody to the Northstar Clean Technology second quarter 2025 financial results and corporate update. So as you guys know, my name is Aidan Mills. I'm the President and CEO of Northstar. And today joining me is Greg Vanoff, our VP of Corporate Development and CFO. So before I begin, I'd like to remind everybody that the comments made on this call may contain forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions and involve certain risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially for those described in these forward-looking statements, and please refer to our CDAR filings for discussion of these risks. And, you know, second slide here has a more detailed description of this. Okay, so as always, there's a question and answer session after the presentation. Trenton Grant from Kin is going to help us with that and will moderate the Q&A session and ask the questions today. And as before, just enter the questions in the Q&A box on the bottom of your screen and Trenton will review those to ask and pick out themes to ask us as we go forward. The YouTube, the presentation will be on YouTube tomorrow, and we'll take this Q2 presentation and upload it onto the website, replacing the Q1, and that will be done for tomorrow as well. So that's kind of, that's the admin. So let's chat quickly about today's agenda. So of course, we'll cover the financials. Greg will cover that. I'll do an update from Calgary, obviously based on the PR that we released this morning. I'll talk about the next steps for Calgary as well. And I'll give you an update on the expansion plans. I think one of the things that's important about this presentation are the themes. And we'll talk about this all the way through and I'll kind of summarize them at the end. But the major theme is that we are creating great momentum for North Star. We have our first commercial facility constructed, commissioned and starting ramp up. We've produced high quality products and we've also made a technical development, technical development and innovation, obviously with the pallets that we've produced as well. Our focus is now on getting to the ERA production target, but also not losing the focus on the next facilities and developing a strong financial framework to support that growth and expansion. And lastly, and this is, of course, a bit of a personal comment, I've been at Northstar for, was Northstar for four years on the 1st of September this year. And my objective is to continue to deliver the milestones as we have done since I have been at the company. So that's a bit of the theme of what we're going to talk about today. And I will hand it over to Greg to talk about financials.

Thanks, Aiden. Good afternoon, everyone. The second quarter of 2025 represented another 90 days of preparing for full operations. No product revenues, as you know, were generated during the quarter, aside from a collection of waste shingles from IKO, one of our suppliers, which have been securely stored at a nearby off-site location to be processed once commercial operations begin. As far as the numbers are concerned, comprehensive loss for the period equaled $3.1 million compared to $1.4 million for the comparable prior period as the company increased full-time equivalent personnel and incurred other non-capital costs associated in preparation for operations. In addition, a non-cash expense of $367,000 was recognized for the quarter, which was $721,000 for the six months, relating to the fair value remeasurement of the CBW Royalty to Venture, which is essentially North Star Picking, otherwise known as Payment in Kind. the interest due in adding that to the principle of the debenture in continuing efforts to preserve working capital. As the debenture commenced in September 2024, these fair value adjustments did not occur in the comparable prior periods. As far as CapEx is concerned, CapEx decreased to $1.9 million for the quarter, compared to 4.1 in the prior period as the construction of the Calgary Empower facility was completed after Q2, near completion at the end of Q2 as Aiden had mentioned. In fact, the company announced completion of construction during the quarter and received $3.9 million from Emissions Reduction Alberta under Milestone 2 of the Contribution Agreement for this major achievement. Aiden, as mentioned, will speak to operations in a minute. From a working capital perspective, the company exited the quarter with a $1.7 million deficit. $1.5 million of this, however, is represented by two tranches of previously issued convertible debentures due within the next 12 months where the conversion strike price is below the current share price, i.e. in the money. More on that in a minute. In addition, subsequent to the quarter, the company raised $3.6 million in an oversubscribed, non-brokered unit private placement. This replenished the Treasury and provides the bridge to fund the business to the point of operational cash flow. Furthermore, we anticipate further milestone payments under the ERA grant prior to the end of the year to bolster working capital reserves. For the accountant people in the audience, commencing in the second quarter, the company began to account for inventory. This is a new accounting convention for the company and will continue from this point forward as we move to an operational status. The inventory is largely comprised of collecting, sorting, and processing shingles brought to site. Further details can be found in our Q2 2005 financial statements. As touched on previously, it is worthy to mention we have witnessed a consistent stream of both convertible debentures and share purchase warrants exercised over the last number of quarters. During specifically in Q2, $150,000 of convertible debentures were converted during the quarter while $730,000 warrants were exercised during the quarter bringing in another $150,000 into the company's treasury. Subsequent to the quarter, we have continued to see these conversions and have no reason to expect different given the current share price and our expectation of continued share price appreciation as we build out the business. With continued conversions and exercises, we would expect the capital structure to become less complex. With that, I'll turn it over to Aidan for an operational update.

Thanks, Greg. That's great. So let's talk then about kind of our key achievements and short-term objectives. So this is a summary of what I'm going to talk about in a lot more detail in the next few slides. But again... One of the themes here kind of plays to what I kicked off with is this continues to demonstrate our kind of strong track record of delivery. You know, the patent is a really good example of where we have protected the business with a number of patents, both in the US and Canada. And that's obviously really important for the technology and the technology support for the business. In funding, and I've shared this slide before, and we don't have it in this pack, but since I've joined four years ago, we've raised $58 million, and all that $58 million, including the number Greg referenced, 30 million of it is non-dilutive. And you can see from the last quarters, you know, our funding partners, ERA, BDC, et cetera, you know, coming up with the support and long-term partners such as CVW and Tamco obviously there. And now the potential to add EDC as a funding partner for the U.S. So, you know, if you think about those names and you think about the support for this company, you know, these are sophisticated funders who understand good businesses. And so it's great to have them on board. And then the last one, of course, and the most important is that if you look at the output from the facility, and I'll talk about this in a bit more detail is. As a shareholder, you can look at these achievements and recognize that this technology actually works. So remember, we took the asphalt that came out of Delta and with that asphalt, the pilot plant, and with that asphalt, we proved, the R&D proved that you could manufacture shingles. So that was the first step in demonstrating the technology works. And now we have demonstrated it in our first commercial facility. So kind of a huge milestone as we think about where we are in the business. Okay, so let's talk about Calgary. So the deliverables for 2025 were pretty simple. We had four. So number one, build the plant, obviously. Number two, commission the facility, you know, unit by unit and all the way through. Number three, focus on what the product was coming out the back end of the facility. The reason that I can say very comfortably the technology works is the product that's coming out of the back end of this facility, and we'll talk about it in a bit more detail later, but the product coming out of this facility is better than Delta, surpasses our expectations, but that demonstrates that we have a technological solution that is delivering high-quality product. And then the fourth thing was ramp-up production, and I'll talk about that in the planned objectives. Okay, so where are we? So in the PR this morning, we outlined that this facility now has the capability to deliver high-quality asphalt for both manufactured waste and tariff shingles. Independent lab analysis, as we said this morning as well, support that thesis. Now, the delta oil, as I said, the R&D showed that it was circular. This asphalt is significantly better than that oil, and that plus the lab results, we believe that it will perform better for our customers. The major technological development today, of course, that we announced was pellets. So the North Star facility now has the capability to produce two types of product. So firstly, hot oil, of course, for local distribution within a certain radius, and now solid asphalt pellets. Of course, this now has a huge transport potential. At This is one of my added remarks. We have some very interested industry partners on this call. So I'm not going to be providing any details on, you know, our preferred transportation option, et cetera, for the pellets. But clearly, we expect that solid, high-quality asphalt pellets has a wide range of market access options. I will talk a little bit about the quality of the pellets. So it's important that the industry across the kind of recycling industry for shingles, there are pellet solutions. And so people partially separate tiles and make those into pellets. So those are technologies that are developing. Those are technologies that are under review, etc., but they have not pelletized the final product. Our technology does not change the quality of the oil. It literally takes the hot oil that comes out the back end of the facility with the high quality specs that we've seen from our lab results and pelletizes it. So, I mean, this is a bit of a self-indulgent kind of 10,000 foot reflection for me, but this is exactly what I came to North Star to do. My vision when I joined Northstar four years ago was the applicability of this technology right across the continent. So the ability for us to deliver product, you know, city by city. And as we've said, 16.5 million tons, you know, 400 facilities at 40,000 tons a day, you know, 200 facilities at 80,000 tons a day. That was my vision. But now... Now we have the potential from every North Star facility to actually deliver a global commodity. So when I hark back to my former life as a hydrocarbon buyer, originator and trader in my old roles as head of strategic origination for BP and the MD of commodity sales in Goldman, access to this type of global commodity would be outstanding. So it's fantastic to be sitting here with our hands on a potential global commodity. So as you walk away from this call today, that's what I think we've just delivered. So what are we doing next? So I've laid out the objectives for going forward here. So objective number one is obviously to deliver emissions reduction Alberta milestone. So as remembering emissions reduction Alberta kind of four milestones. So number one, engineering, of course done. Number two, construction. As Greg referenced, that was, you know, that was, you know, first half of the year, number three, commissioning, and number four, operations. And the commissioning milestone isn't just a commissioning milestone, i.e. everything works. So the first part of it is, yes, all systems have to be installed, calibrated, and operating. So that's a commissioning milestone. But the second part of that milestone is operational. And that operational target is 80 tons per day coming through the plant, or obviously going in the front end of the plant. So our target is to deliver that by year end. Objective number two, of course, is then to take the facility from that 80 tons a day up to full capacity. And the way I've defined this is the single shift full capacity is, and as you know, capacity designed for the facility is 15 tons an hour, you know, times 10 hours a day. So 150 tons a day. The third objective is to secure feedstock to enable us to move to 24-7 operation. And that's where we can essentially add the night shift and double the production. Again, the objective here is not about spending more capital. This is completely feedstock dependent. So our job is to secure the feedstock. It's not to add any additional capital. And the only thing that we actually need to do is add an extra shift. And then ongoing, I added an ongoing objective here because this is the transition across to the next slide. So we've always talked about continuous improvement and we need to integrate the lessons we've learned from engineering, construction, commissioning and operations. into the design for the next facilities. As you can imagine, this is the first facility. That's a theme that we've talked about all the way through here. This first facility, the learnings are huge, of course, across all of these buckets of engineering, construction, commissioning and operations. And it's really important that we integrate those into the next design in the same way that I've talked about continuous improvement before, which is when we do plant five, plant six needs to be better. And when we do plant 15, plant 16 needs to be better. So the most, the biggest impact we can make in continuous improvement is to take the lessons learned from the first facility for the next two. We think that's going to be pretty sizable. Okay, so then let's talk about the expansion options. So Hamilton, so both expansion options going well. So Hamilton, we're finalizing the specific site layout with Hopa. So as you know, we have the area of land, which has been kind of outline for Hope of Development. And so now what we're doing is given the kind of utility works that are going on, we're actually finalising the exact four acre plot. Because to do that, you need the exact boundaries to be able to kick off the permitting process. We've done the first step of the permitting process. So we have had consultations with the Ontario Ministry to get the first step completed. And that's defined exactly what permits we need. So we now have the list of here's the permits and that can start as soon as we have the boundary defined with HOPA. As we did with Calgary very successfully, we've now identified some federal and provincial funding options. Obviously, non-dilutive, as you remember, the ERA, you know, that we talk about all the time, the seven, over seven million dollars was... was going through the same process, and those have kicked off. Of course, we're not going to provide any more detail as to who we've applied for or for what number, but we have identified a number of funds, and we've also commenced local engagement with Hamilton, both at the city level and at the local level. In US 1, so we now have identified the state, the city, and the preferred location for our facility. The permitting process is now fully understood. So with that state, we have been working with the permitting authority, so we know exactly what to do once we finalize the site. We've also started negotiations on feedstock. So we would expect, of course, to get the Tamco manufactured shingles from their Frederick facility. But of course, we've now kicked off the feedstock negotiations with respect to tariffs. So those have commenced and are ongoing. And the same with the offtake. So Tamco, obviously, the majority offtaker, but we've also discussed offtake with other parties too. And And interestingly, both from the federal level and the provincial level, there are also non-dilutive funding options available for this location, which is great. So let's talk about expansion financing. So, look, the feedback we've often got is, you know, we have a complicated balance sheet and, you know, it's not simple. Like, what are you doing to simplify it, et cetera? And I know that's always good when it's nice and simple. And all of these options, as Greg looks at them, you know, these are complicated. They're more sophisticated and they're not simple. But from the leader... This business, in my perspective, it offers massive flexibility and great optionality. And the other thing is, as you can see from what we've done from an undiluted perspective, I think it also offers massive equity shareholder value because there's a number of pots of funding that we can source that will not have an effect on the equity. So as we think about it, there's kind of two buckets that we look at. So under the asset level, of course, we've just talked about government funding. Of course, project debt. So, you know, EDC is a really good example of the project debt. We have been, there is market interest for project equity at the project level. And of course, we have the, you know, funding partners in CVW with potential royalty options on an asset level. On the corporate level, strategic equity and strategic debt. Now, those will be dependent, of course, on delivery from Calgary. So we have to have a track record of being able to deliver an operating facility, and that's critical. And then the last one is a market raise. So just to be clear, this is a market raise for growth capital. This is all about what does the capital for the new facilities look like? What is the timeline for that facilities look like? What is the capital spend profile look like? And what is the goal seek for all of the categories above before we determine what that market raises? So the only thing that you will see us do as part of this development, and again, we have ruthless focus in Calgary, but we have to continue, of course, the next facility development. So the only thing you'll see from a financing perspective is we will... file an AIF so that we can create a shelf. So that will be done through Q4. And that is so that we have the full range of optionality as you look at this expansion financing to support growth funding. The other thing that I would say with respect to both of these facilities is I've talked externally with strategic funders and both in the equity and the debt level that we've changed our metrics for attractiveness with respect to sites as we move forward here. So originally, when I was talking about market attractiveness and how we looked at it, we looked at it in a matrix of... of tipping fee versus asphalt price. And we looked at all the locations where all the cities where that could be attractive. The third thing that we added, which is almost kind of like a... This is what you need to get onto the page is, can we operate the facility 24-7? So can we operate this facility at an 80,000 ton a year rate? And so the reason that affects both these two facilities is both... can support 80,000 tons. And the permitting process that we are submitting will be for 80,000 tons. So as we think about the other things that we have to do, the only other thing that was missing off the summary slide was we're continuing to develop our portfolio. So we're not stopping at Hamilton and US1. We're continuing to develop a portfolio under the three criteria now of can we run it 24-7? What's the asphalt price? And what is the tipping fee? And the driver for that 24-7 for me is all about the value we add when we add a plant. Look, if you take what we disclosed in our slide deck, a 24-7 operation should, in theory, kick off hand-grenaded math, as I always describe it, $10 million worth of EBITDA for a plant. If you take a reasonable waste-to-value multiple of $10 million, That means that we should be adding, you know, $100 million per facility. Now, when I joined four years ago, I talked about this having the potential to be a billion-dollar company, and now we've got a really clear path to what that looks like. And so developing the portfolio as well as the expansion options and landing both Hamilton and US1 are pretty critical. So in summary, I mean, I'm going to tell you again what I've told you already, of course, but firstly, we have built and commissioned our first commercial facility. And this team is incredibly proud of having done that. And I'm very proud of their delivery and proud of the fact that we can be on this call four years later and say that we've actually done that. I think the second thing we've done is we are now producing high quality asphalt from both the potential feedstocks for this technology. We've added a technology with pelletization that I think offers our facilities the potential to produce a global market commodity. We now have a ruthless focus on facility ramp up. We continue to develop the expansion sites. And we're obviously constructing this flexible financial portfolio to support the company, shareholders and that expansion. And lastly, I said it earlier, you know, in the four years that I've been here, which has been a real honour, we've delivered on every milestone that we talked about. And this is absolutely going to continue as we move from this massive inflection point for North Star to drive the business forward. So, Trenton, that's my spiel. It's over to you for the questions.

Excellent. Thank you, Aidan. I'm going to combine and paraphrase some of the questions here. Thank you for all your questions, everyone. So as you laid out the production timeline in the presentation, it sounds like there's been some shifting on our timeline to full production. Can you comment on that, please?

For sure. I wouldn't call it shifting. I would call it delays for sure. Now, it's slightly different from the delay that I would have had in my mind four years ago when I thought the first facility was in production, but really honing in onto the Calgary project when we started to kind of construct in the middle of last year when we were doing the site works, et cetera. So I would say at a high level, we're probably a quarter behind. But I also want to provide some context with that. So look, when I, and some examples. So the first job that I ever did when I was working as an engineer for VP was at a linear low density polyethylene plant in Grangemouth. It was a first of its kind and took probably six months to a year longer to get to operation than was the original plan. When I arrived in the US, again, as head of origination for BP for the oil business, Thunderhorse, which then the offshore platform, which then got renamed as Mad Dog, was 20 months behind its commissioning date. And then I come to Alberta and then we all know what happened with Northwest upgrading and the Trans Mountain Pipeline. And obviously, I'm joining Meg and with the Christina Lake train one delay. So... To be perfectly honest, as I think about this, one quarter of delay for a new technology, to me, it's a delay. It's annoying. But actually, I think that's pretty good because the most important thing is we have delivered on the milestones to get here. They have been delayed, but we have delivered on the milestones. And if we had this call and we had a huge problem with either of either the construction or the commissioning, or we had a problem with the product coming out the back of the plant. we would have a serious issue. I think a quarter of a delay is a delay, but in the whole journey of this business, it's relatively immaterial. And I would also say that, and one of the things I thought about when I was thinking about delay examples was Husky. So when we first at Husky rolled out the kind of the 10,000 barrel a day SAGD plants that were deployed all across the heavy oil, Our first one was delayed and over budget. But because it wasn't the first one of only one, we improved the deployment of the capital and the speed of delivery after that. So that's the really good thing that shareholders can think about today is. The continuous improvement I talked about earlier on will run as a thread through this organization. So we should be continuing plant after plant after plant after plant. So investors don't have to worry about the performance of the first facility because literally this is one of, what, 200, whatever the number is. And that's where the lessons learned come in. So sit back, think, hey, this technology works. Now they're ramping up to operation and we'll learn stuff from that too. And then that gets integrated into the next facilities, which are going to be number two and three of a hundred facilities or whatever that number is.

Excellent. Thank you, Aidan. Next question. With Calgary fully complete, how should investors think about the company going forward?

Well, I mean, I think I talked about it today. You know, we have to be, Calgary is complete, but not operational. So we still have a ruthless focus on that. I think we have the two development facilities, of course, next. We have the financial framework to enable that to develop. And as I said, one of the objectives that was missing off the slides was the development of the portfolio. As we develop the portfolio, I think we need to be strong, very strong in kind of three areas. So the first area we need to be strong in is the capability to build and operate plants. And I talked about the internal aspiration of that being three plants per year. And I don't And I believe we have the capability to build the internal resource to do that. I think the second thing is the business development. So we have people developing the portfolio and developing the portfolio of plants. But that needs to have... you know, permitting capability that needs to have site selection capability that needs to have all the stuff that you need to do to get to the point where, like where we have in Hamilton or we have our four, four acre plot drawn out exactly. And we've talked to the locals and we've talked to Ontario ministry of an environment and all of that stuff. Um, that expertise needs to be built in this business. Um, I think we've got it, you know, holistically today, but not for kind of three to five plants, three to five plants a year. And then I think the last one is the financial framework. And obviously, we're lucky to have Greg here. And, you know, although we do talk about the complexity of our balance sheet and me adding, you know, more innovative financing options pretty much every day. So the capability to optimize that portfolio, I think, is very safe in our hands having added Greg to the organization. So I think as he expands his team further, Those would be the three areas that I think we need to concentrate on as we, you know, come out of this year and into next year and are talking about the development of the portfolio.

Excellent. Next question, sort of more process oriented at the Calgary site. Are there currently any issues with the system? How have things been running at a high level?

I mean, of course there are. Like we're commissioning the first of its kind plant. So there's lessons learned in engineering. There's lessons learned in construction. There's lessons learned in commissioning and there'll be lessons learned in operation. But if there were major issues, we would not be producing major high quality asphalt at the back of the facility. So that's what people should focus on.

Following on from that, what are some of the lessons you've learned from putting Calgary into production? And for future sites, where do you anticipate finding some improvements with respect to lead times and efficiency?

I mean, so we expect... to significantly increase capital efficiency and significantly increase lead times with respect to commissioning. So a really good example is, you know, when you commission a new unit, a brand new unit with input and output from that unit, you don't have the set points of that unit. So you don't know how to set pressure, level, temperature, flow, et cetera. That's what commissioning is all about. That's how you learn your unit. And so let's imagine one of our units in Calgary, which is now starting to run full-time as we ramp up. And let's think about nine months down the road where we have exactly the same unit in Hamilton. we know the set points. Like we literally know how to put the set points in to run that unit. So the efficiency of time, the length of time it will take us to construct and to get to operation we believe there's significant deficiencies there. And look, I could get into every single element of this engineering, construction, building, you know, commissioning. We have lessons learned pretty much from every unit on where the improvements are going to be. So, I mean, I have a, we probably have a hundred line spreadsheet on areas of improvement And it might not be, it's not anything substantial apart from, sorry, some of them might be substantial, but it might be like, hey, when you walk up the ladder for this system, put the pump on the left, not on the right. Because actually the access to, you know, nobody's built one of these before, so the access to that vessel, it's way better if you put it on the left rather than the right. Simple to do, doesn't cost any money, but you know what? It's good for maintenance access. So the level of detail and sophistication that this team has done in identifying that is huge. But that's what continuous improvement is all about. I had a bit of a rambling answer as usual.

So in a nutshell, you would say next sites will be faster, cheaper, better. Is that fair? Good summary. Yeah, speaking of future sites, what are the current plans for the Delta BC site?

So, I mean, obviously we had the lease extension there. So we have a 15-year lease. We expect that will be almost the first stop in the next wave of three. And really it's, you know, that's all about, that's all about kind of feedstock and offtake negotiations. I'm going to comment on the pellets.

Pellets has an angle there too, doesn't it?

Yeah, I mean, so Greg asked, you know, do I want to discuss pellets? I mean, so if you think about global access for a product... And you think about the location of the Delta facility, which is probably five kilometers from the Twassen facility, which has Canada's major export to Asia. So exporting hot oil from there would clearly be a challenge, given the distance traveled. Exporting pellets from there may be a massive fit. So, yeah, that's one of the things in terms of business development that we're thinking about.

Great. Speaking of product, from a technical perspective and in the customer perspective, what kind of feedback have you gotten on the product coming out of the backend?

Well, I mean, so on this call, we have a number of customers and we also have a number of competitors. So I will provide no feedback from a technical perspective with respect to the product.

So that one's good. What are some other technical considerations more broadly for the business going forward?

I think we've covered it, right? So, you know, continuous improvement, learn from what's happened at Calgary and the categories we chatted about, implement that. And then, you know, the next two won't be perfect either. And we'll have to do, you know, continuous improvement for plan three and plan four and plan seven and plan 10. So we have... Continuous improvement is part of the DNA of this business because if you're going to build 100 North Star facilities, then continuous improvement is important. And that's, as I said earlier, that technical capability to build and operate is one of the key strengths we have today, but that we have to build on ourselves from an organizational perspective to make sure we can deploy that as we go forward.

Last but not least, we have a financial question for Greg. Greg, can you walk us through the margin profile on the tipping fees?

Tipping fees, I guess I look at it from two perspectives. Based on my high-level comments on the accounting convention, it's both an accounting convention, but it's also economical. So from an economical perspective, tipping fees go right to the bottom line. That's how we look at it. There really isn't any costs associated with tipping. The fact that we have inventory recorded to me is going to the matching principle of accounting in terms of we have costs that we are incurring to move product. Eventually, once we have operations, that becomes more of a cost of goods sold caption, which is encapsulated into our numbers we quoted in our website. in terms of margins. So I don't really see a net back per se on tipping fees. When I look at the overall margins of the business, we don't Certainly, we have assumptions on our pricing. We're not forecasting. We're not in the business of forecasting fundamentals. There are pricing contracts that are for competitive reasons. We don't disclose those that are tied to commodity prices. But from a net back perspective, the margins are healthy. It results in very accretive IRRs, it relates and refers back to short paybacks, all the things that make this business, based on Aiden's comments, once we have multiple plants, it just generates cash and becomes self-funding.

Excellent. That about does it for Q&A. If you have any remaining questions, feel free to send them to us at roof at kincommunications.com. And with that, I'll flip it back over to Aidan for closing remarks.

Well, listen, thank you for the questions. I think that You know, it kind of encapsulates where we are. As I said earlier, I think, you know, our things are, I think we're in an excellent place. You know, the PR today demonstrated not only does the technology work in the way that I said I thought it did when we were in Delta, and I said that I thought this technology was deployable. I believe we've just proven the product at the back end of our first commercial facility. has outstanding quality. So I think that's very exciting. I think it's the absolute platform for us now to, you know, I don't mean stop answering questions, but actually get back and focus on this ramp up. I mean, I've used the term ruthless focus and that's what we absolutely have. we need to, you know, we need to deliver that for the marketplace, but also for, for, for obviously for the fundamentals of this business. And we expect to have that done by the end of the year. And, you know, we're hoping that that'll be, that'll be the last PR that anybody needs to, to, to read on, on roof because at that point in time, we're, we're fully operational. And basically it's all about how fast can we deploy this technology across the across North America and how many more tons of this global commodity can we actually deliver. Thank you very much for the time.