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spk17: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Grand Tierra Energy's conference call for fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results. My name is Andrea, and I will be your coordinator for today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the initial remarks, we will conduct a question and answer session for securities analysts and institutions. Instructions will be provided at that time for you to queue up for questions. I would like to remind everyone that this conference call is being webcast and recorded today, Wednesday, February 22nd, 2023, at 11 a.m. Eastern Time. Today's discussion may include certain forward-looking information, oil and gas information, and non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to the earnings and operational update press release we issued yesterday for important advisories and disclaimers with regard to this information and for reconciliations of any non-GAAP measures discussed on today's call. Finally, this earnings call is the property of Grand Tierra Energy, Inc. Any copying or rebroadcasting of this call is expressly forbidden without the written consent of Grand Tierra Energy. I would now like to turn the conference call over to Gary Guidry, President and Chief Executive Officer of Grantiera. Mr. Guidry, please go ahead.
spk09: Thank you, Andrea. Good morning and welcome to Grantiera's fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results conference call. My name is Gary Guidry, Grantiera's President and Chief Executive Officer. And with me today are Ryan Elson, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Rob Will, our Vice President of Asset Management. Yesterday, we issued a press release that included detailed information on our fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results. In addition, Grand Tierra's 2022 annual report on Form 10-K has been filed on EDGAR and is available on our website. Ryan and Rob will make a few brief comments, and then we will open the line for questions. Ryan, please go ahead.
spk04: Thanks, Gary. Good morning, everyone. We are very pleased to announce that Grantier achieved several company financial records in 2022. Our excellent performance in 2022 was driven by our successful development and exploration drilling, water flooding programs, field performance, and disciplined cost management combined with strong oil prices. Our many achievements during the year resulted in year-over-year production growth of 16%, strong reserves replacement ratios well above 100%, and the highest annual figures in the company's history for net income funds flow from operations, and free cash flow. After reduced exploration activity during 2020 and 2021, the company made several key exploration discoveries during 2022, which provide confidence in our geological understanding of the basins. Through our successful results from our development and exploration drilling, water flooding programs, and fuel performance, we were able to increase reserves in 1P, 2P, and 3P categories, which Rob will describe. During 2022, Our net income was $139 million, the highest on record, which resulted in our earnings per share on both a basic and dilute basis coming in at $0.38 per share. Our adjusted EBITDA was $490 million and was $1.34 on a basic per share basis. Fund flow from operations were $366 million, resulting in free cash flow of $129 million, both of which were also records for the company. Fund flow from operations for the year was $1 on a basic per share basis. Grand Tiers' on-budget capital spend totaled $237 million for the year and was balanced between exploration and development activities, which resulted in reserves and profitable production growth year-on-year. In 2022, Grand Tiers continues commitment to reduce debt, resulting in a reduction of $88 million in debt and $173 million in net debt. The company finished the year with $127 million in cash, and net debt to adjusted EBITDA of 0.9 times. The company also achieved a return on average capital employed of 27% during 2022. Grantier's strong offering at back of $48.43 per barrel for the year was up 43% from $33.75 in 2021. Before I hand it over to Rob, I want to mention some of our Beyond Compliance initiatives. Where Grand Tierra identifies significant opportunities and benefits to the environment and communities, we voluntarily strive to go beyond what is legally required to protect the environment and provide social benefits because it's the right thing to do. We're very proud of the company's track record in all aspects of our environmental, social, and governance stewardship. In 2022, Grand Tierra, in partnership with the World Women's Corporation, carried out an anti-personnel demine investigation across approximately 4,300 hectares of land situated within four indigenous communities and several municipalities in Putumayo Basin of Colombia. As part of the company's commitment to the United Nations Guided Principles for Business and Human Rights, 95 human rights training sessions were held in Colombia and Ecuador in 2022, which include almost 500 employees, contractors, and suppliers. Grand Tierra strives to maximize local employment and development opportunities, which meet or exceed government requirements for local employment. Since 2015, GranPierre has created approximately 26,000 labor opportunities in Colombia. The company also created roughly 470 labor opportunities in Ecuador in 2022. GranPierre is also committed to work with the Colombian, Ecuadorian national and local governments and local communities to further their peacebuilding efforts. In 2022, the company invested over 4.6 million locally in projects in Colombia and Ecuador identified by the communities themselves to meet their needs. The projects include the improvement of agriculture production capabilities, entrepreneurship support, community strengthening programs, and infrastructure improvements to schools, homes, and community centers. These are just some of the initiatives we completed in 2022, and I highly recommend that you take a look at our 2022 sustainability report, which will be available on our website in the second quarter of this year. I'll now turn the call over to Rob Will to discuss some of the highlights of our current operations.
spk21: Thanks, Ryan. Good morning, everyone. I'll briefly cover a few operational highlights from yesterday's press release, as well as our recent press release regarding 2022 year-end reserves. Operationally, we are building off a successful year in 2022 to start off 2023. Down in the Plumayo Basin of Columbia, in the Chazzar Block, we have commenced our Maqueta drilling campaign, with the first well being drilled in late 2022, which was the first well drilled in the field since 2016. Maketa 25, the second development well in the 2022-2023 Maketa drilling campaign, reached its planned total depth on January 15, 2023. This well has been completed and was put on production on February 1. Producing on jet pump, the well has averaged 383 barrels of oil per day unstimulated. We plan to stimulate the well during Q2 of this year. The third Maketa development well, Maketa 26, spot on february 9th 2023 and is expected to reach its planned total depth before the end of february in addition to maketa 25 and 26 the company plans to drill and complete one to two more development wells in maketa over the next four to five months also in the chasm block the first well in cassiaco's six well 2023 development drilling program was spot on january 25th 2023 and reached its planned total depth on February 2nd. Reservoir quality was as expected in this planned down-dip water injection well. The second well was spun on February 7th, 2023 and reached its planned total depth. All wells in the cost cycle drilling program are expected to be drilled by late second quarter 2023 and completed and put on production or injection before the end of third quarter 2023. In the south of the Kootenai Basin, the Syriente block's production averaged approximately 8,620 barrels of oil per day gross in January 2023, marking the second highest monthly production average since the second quarter of 2015. This was achieved despite the fact that we've not drilled a well in Syriente since the first quarter of 2018. Up in the middle of Magdalena Valley, Basin of Columbia, the first well in the Coronero's 10 to 12 well 2023 development drilling program, a Coronero 111, was spotted on January 27, 2023, and reached its planned total depth on January 30. Well logs indicate that the reservoir pay zone came in as expected. The company plans to complete this well and put on production before the end of February 2023. The second well, a planned injector, was spotted on February 5th and has reached its total depth. The third well was spotted on February 12th. All of the planned wells in this year's coordinatorial development program are expected to have been drilled, completed, and placed on production or injection by the end of second quarter 2023. Finally, we also plan to continue to focus on the appraisal of new discoveries and new exploration drilling during 2023. all while generating free cash flow to strengthen our balance sheet and return capital to shareholders through potential share buybacks. As for our 2022 year-end oil reserves, the company achieved significant growth in its 2022 year-end 1P NPV10 before tax, which increased by 26% compared to 2021 year-end. As well, we achieved significant growth in our 2022 year-end 2P NPV10 before tax, which increased by 25% compared to year-on-year. These increases were driven by the company's successful development in exploration programs and a strong recovery in oil prices. After reduced exploration activity during 2020 and 2021, the company made several key exploration discoveries during 2022, which helped the company achieve excellent reserves-replacement ratios. The ratios are as follows. 126% 1P. with 1P reserve additions of 14 million BOE. 148% 2P, with 2P reserve additions of 17 million BOE. 280% 3P, with 3P reserve additions of 31 million BOE. The material 1P reserve additions were largely driven by success with the valve drilling and water flooding results at Accord Narrow in Casiaco, in addition to several exploration discoveries. Material 2P and 3P reserve additions were in large measure due to the success of the company's 2022 expiration program, which made several independent discoveries. By continuing to focus on a combination of reductions in debt and per well capital costs, maintaining low operating costs, and completing share buybacks, Grand Terre was able to achieve net asset values per share before tax $4.62 for 1P, up 77% from 2021, and $7.36 for 2P, up 56% from 2021. With this significant growth in our net asset values per share in 2022, we believe Granteria is well positioned to offer exceptional long-term stakeholder value. We believe our success on multiple fronts during 2022 demonstrates Granteria's ability to be a full cycle oil and gas exploration development and production company focused on value creation for all our stakeholders. I will now turn the call back to the operator, and Gary, Ryan, and I will be happy to take questions. Operator, please go ahead.
spk17: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now conduct the question and answer session for securities analysts. If you have a question, please press the star key followed by 11 on your touchtone phone. you will hear a tone acknowledging your request. Your questions will be pulled in the order they are received. Please ensure that you lift the handset if you're using a speakerphone before pressing any keys. One moment, please, for your first question.
spk15: Our first question comes from Adam Gill with Paradigm Capital.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk05: Good morning. Two questions for me. First off, on operating costs, we've seen escalation over 2022 given power costs rising and increased work over activity. That said, do you believe you've hit a plateau on OpEx and what drivers could lower OpEx going forward?
spk04: Yeah, I think we have hit a plateau. We think our operating costs on a gross basis will be similar in 2023 compared to 2022. but our production will be higher. So on a per unit basis, we'll see those costs come down.
spk05: Okay, great. And the second question was just on Suriente and the contract expiring mid-year 2024. Is there any precedence on contract renewal and what could the upfront commitments look like to ensure this asset stays in the portfolio?
spk09: Yeah, there are multiple precedents in the country of contract renewal. We do have clauses in our contract for renewal, and we are in discussions with Echo Patrol on trying to achieve that before the expiry.
spk05: Any thoughts on timing of when that could be completed?
spk09: No, just before expiry. We're working as diligently as we can, and it's mutual with Echo Patrol because both companies see benefits of continuing the programs that we've started over the last couple of years.
spk05: Great. Thank you, gentlemen.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk17: Our next question comes from Oriana Cobalt with Balance. Please go ahead.
spk14: Hi. Good morning. This is Oriana Cobalt with Balance. I had three questions. If it's okay to go one by one, that would be great. First, with regards to the Vasconia and Castilla pricing discounts, I noticed that they remained at peak levels through the fourth quarter. So, just wondering what are you observing so far during the year and what is driving the wider discounts and how are you including this in your 2023 guidance? Yeah, thanks. I'll take that.
spk04: On the Vasconia and Castilla discount, yeah, they started to widen at the end of last year, as you pointed out, and it's continued into January. Starting to tighten a little bit in February, and the main driver is really just a lack of heavy oil demand, especially with China. I think with China reopening, we started to see those differentials narrow, and it's right around what we have budgeted right now. We expect them to be wide in Q1, Q2, and then narrow into Q3 and Q4, and that's really what we forecasted.
spk14: Got it, thank you. And following, I noticed the introduction of a new risk factor in your 10K regarding the adverse impact that certain acquisitions may have in the business. So just wondering if you could further elaborate on this and more precisely if you're looking into new jurisdictions aside from Ecuador and what type of transactions would make sense for Gran Tierra?
spk04: Yeah, I think that's just a risk factor. I think most E&P companies do have that within their disclosure. And I think for us, part of our job is always to optimize the portfolio. So we are very happy to either acquire new assets or sell assets that are in our portfolio. We're always looking to optimize. So it could be within Columbia or outside of Columbia. Again, that could be either buyers or sellers.
spk14: Perfect. And just one final one. We noted that ending cash position came a bit shy of the $190 million that you had guided with the third quarter report. So if you could share any additional color on this.
spk04: Yeah, two drivers on that. One, Brent price came in quite a bit lower than we originally forecasted, but also the differentials. Those blew out much wider than we had forecasted. You know, it was both, if you look at Masconia, the historical average, five-year average is about $3, and it widened all the way up to $10 at one point. And Castilla, the five-year average is closer to $7, $8, and it widened all the way up to $18, $19. So that really hurt us in the quarter. And the rest is really just explained from working capital movements.
spk14: Perfect. That would be it from my end. Thank you.
spk17: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk15: Our next question comes from Joseph Schachter with Schachter Energy Research.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk24: Thank you very much. Good morning, Gary, Ryan, and Rob. Congratulations on all the progress you've made this year. A few questions. The first one I'll go with Ryan. Where do you see the target debt level that you'd like? You're down below one-to-one debt to EBITDA. If we see... you know, 85 to 90 for average for Brent in 2023, you'll generate, you know, $70 to $100 million in free cash flow, plus you have the $100 million or so, $126 million on the balance sheet. How do you see debt in terms of where you want it to be going forward? Is there a target, you know, from the 589 that you have on the balance sheet on December 31st, 2022, Is there a number you want to have and at that point you say that's the amount of debt that should be in this going forward or do you want to keep on knocking debt down to zero and not have debt at all? Just trying to get it in my head how much money will be left over after that to increase growth via exploration and development or buy more stock buybacks, etc.
spk04: Yeah, it's a good question. I think we're comfortable With, you know, net debt EBITDA of one times, you know, in the 0.8 to one times is really our comfort rate range. And I think when we look at our gross debt, right now we're at about 580. If, you know, our target would be between 500 and 550. And we think that would be a right capital structure for the company of our size currently.
spk24: Okay. Next question, in the releases in your, you know, government document, on page 9, you talk about the exploration blocks, and you put a single star, double star there. And you have, I think it's 2, 4, 6, 8, with one star which says, exploration is suspended due to licensing restrictions, security issues, or social reasons. Do you see any changes of that in 23? And do you get extensions from the government so that you can keep these properties for future use once things settle down there?
spk09: Yeah, I think the short answer to that is on a continuous basis, we're working with the government and with the communities. The ones that are suspended are issues with communities, and it's an ongoing process. We've not given up really on any of our top priority exploration projects, but there are some that we may in the end relinquish, but I can assure you that it's none of our top priorities going forward. I think the short answer is everything that we want to do, we're doing, and we'll achieve that over the next one to three years.
spk24: Okay. Lastly, Gary, again, as a shareholder and as somebody who's been a fan of the company and the opportunity in Colombia and Ecuador, you see a lot of the stocks in Colombia have a discount to valuations. And as you highlighted with your colleagues in the presentation about the discount to NAVs, And as Ryan mentioned, selling or buying is possible. Is the barrel cheaper on Bay Street and Wall Street than spending money? And is there interest in potentially selling some assets and then doing a substantial issuer bid and waking everybody up to the underlying value that is currently being ignored?
spk09: Yeah. Again, the short answer I think is on a continuous basis, we're looking at how we create value. Ryan mentioned the debt levels. If we have discoveries that we see long term will develop, we'll adjust accordingly in terms of our balance sheet. We also are looking at other basins around the world. We've all seen the large companies starting to divest non-core assets, which we believe, in many cases, a company of our size and our portfolio, we can create a lot of value, regardless of the valuations on the stock price. We look at it as we're in this business for the long term, long term being the next five years, not the next five weeks. And we will direct our efforts both on our current assets and new assets that we diversify into in other basins, other assets. And I think you hit a good point. We also are looking at, will look at opportunities to bring in other partners and things that we're doing to dilute our interest. But everything we have in our portfolio today, we really like and we really believe that we can create value and we're just looking to expand that portfolio.
spk24: Okay, well, thanks very much for taking my questions, and I'll be rooting for more breakthroughs in 2023. Thanks very much. Thank you.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Alexandra Simeoniti from William Blair.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk13: Hi, thank you for taking my question. Most of my questions have been answered. I just have one. If you have estimated a total tax in 2023, given your guidance for production and your estimates for all prices and the discounts, so tax, that would include the surcharge and the non-deductibility of royalties. Have you made that calculation, that estimate?
spk04: Yeah, estimated tax based off of $85 breadth. And again, you know, depending on differentials and what pricing you use. But we would expect our current tax to be $110 to $130 million.
spk13: And this includes the royalties, what you need to pay for the royalties. I mean, the non-deductibility of royalties.
spk04: Yeah, that would be our current tax bill for 2021.
spk03: which will be paid in two installments in 2024.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Philip Skolnick with 8 Capital.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk18: Yeah, thanks. Good morning. Just going back to Soriente, if you were to get the contract renewal, how do we think about the reserve ads with respect to that? And also, would there be any potential changes to this year's CapEx budget, maybe production target?
spk09: Yeah, I think the answer, Phil, is our plans for Soriente would be to expand the water flood. We've done a lot of work over the last few years. In terms of the capital program, there would be some minor adjustments, but we would look more at a three-year type plan to expand the water flood to increase some of the development drilling in the block. You wouldn't see a major change in the capital program this year, but over the next three years, we would focus a lot of effort on increasing reserves We are taking a look at what would change in our reserve base going forward, but we don't want to be premature and waiting for the contract to actually be signed. We're working mutually with Echo Patrol and trying to put that program together.
spk18: Got it. Understood. You know, I know in the past, recent past, you've said that the environmental permitting process, it's basically been business as usual. Is that still the case?
spk09: It has, and we've been working very diligently with communities on blockades and other interruptions, and we've seen some progress, I think is the way to say that. But in terms of permitting and environmental studies, it's business as usual in Colombia and in Ecuador. We're quite excited about our discoveries in Ecuador. As Rob mentioned, we see some real opportunity there to expand what we're doing across the border in Ecuador as well.
spk18: Great. Thank you.
spk17: Thank you. One moment for our next questions.
spk15: Our next question comes from Luke Davis with RBC.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk06: Thanks. Good morning. You guys have a pile of wells coming on this year. Just wondering if you can speak a little bit to the expected cadence of production volumes, maybe quarterly, and where you expect to exit the year at. And also just wondering if you have any contribution expected from any of the exploration wells that are included in the program.
spk04: Yeah, I think the cadence, as Rob mentioned, we're doing a lot of the development drilling in the first half of the year. So those will be brought on in Q2 and into Q3. So we expect a steady ramp up for the year and expect to see in the year around 34,000 barrels or so.
spk06: Got it. And anything from those exploration wells or is that just potential upside?
spk26: Potential upside.
spk06: Yeah, okay. The only other thing I was wondering about is just buybacks, how you're thinking about that. Is that going to be sort of a portion of free cash flow that you're sweeping into buybacks? Do you have an aggregate target that you're looking to hit, or how are you thinking about that currently?
spk04: Yeah, we bought back about 6.2%, 6.3% of our stock last year, and we have approval currently up to around 10%. So especially when we're trading at such a substantial discount to our NAV, We'd definitely like to max out the NCIB and then look to renew. Got it. That's it for me. Thanks.
spk16: Awesome. Thanks, Liz.
spk17: Thank you.
spk15: One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Juan Cruz with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
spk20: Hi. Good morning, everybody, and thanks for the call. I just wanted to clarify just quickly, you guys were talking about debt levels going forward. And on the third quarter call, you had indicated to the market that you had bought back about 20 million worth of the 2025 bonds. It's my understanding that those are still outstanding. Just wanted to see if there's any reason for them not being canceled yet, considering your targets. If you can comment on that, that would be great.
spk04: Yeah, we hold those bonds ourselves. And the reason why we didn't cancel them is we wanted to make sure that there was no adverse impacts as far as index inclusion. So from accounting treatment and really the economic reality is we're holding those bonds, our debt is $580 million, and we just did that to have the $300 million bonds assigned for index inclusion.
spk20: Ah, I understand. Okay. But from your perspective, there's no... intention of reselling those bonds back into the market?
spk03: No. No, there is not.
spk20: They're in treasury and that will remain in treasury for index inclusion purposes.
spk04: Correct. Okay.
spk20: Thank you.
spk04: They're already liquid enough so we don't want to do anything any more damage.
spk17: Thank you.
spk15: Our next question. Our next question comes from Roman Rossi with Canaccord Genuity.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk23: Thank you very much for taking my question. Just a couple. The first one regarding the VIVA program, I just wanted to check what happens if you reach the limit of the program. Are you able to initiate a new one? And the second one is, last year you mentioned you wanted to have a cash balance of around $100 million.
spk16: I just wanted to check if that guidance changed. Thank you.
spk02: Thanks.
spk04: Yeah, we can renew the program once we buy up to the maximum, which we would look at renewing afterwards, which would be good for a year. And then on the cash balance, we always target $75 to $100 million in a cash balance. And that hasn't changed.
spk16: Perfect. Thank you very much. Thank you.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk17: Our next question comes from Chris DiCario with Marathon Asset Management. Please go ahead.
spk19: Yeah, hi. Thanks for the call. Just wondering, I mean, what your current view is or outlook is on potential restrictions on exploration going forward? I know there's been a lot of talk from various people in Colombia. It's sort of hard to tell where it's going to end up, but, I mean, how are you looking at that? Does that affect your plans? Is that affecting maybe your thoughts on acquiring assets outside of Colombia?
spk09: We have a great portfolio of exploration lands, and we have plenty of work in front of us for the next three to five years. We also have some very exciting lands in Ecuador as well, so in terms of exploration, We realize there have been some announcements in Colombia about no new exploration lands. We get that. But it's no impact on what we're doing in our five-year plan as we go forward. In Colombia, I mentioned Ecuador. The answer to your question is we are looking at some other basins. We have a very strict criteria in what we invest in globally. We are looking at some opportunities in Africa, the Middle East, where we believe that we can not only expand our value portfolio, but diversify and mitigate risk. And so the answer to your question is we're very happy with our exploration in Colombia, but we're also looking at other opportunities in other basins.
spk11: Great, thanks.
spk17: Thank you. Gentlemen, there are no further questions at this time. Please continue.
spk09: Thank you. Thank you, Andrea. I would again like to thank everyone for joining us today. We look forward to speaking with you over the next quarter and update you on our ongoing progress. Thank you.
spk13: The conference will begin shortly. To raise and lower your hand during Q&A, you can dial star 1 1. you Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. you you
spk17: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Grand Tierra Energy's conference call for fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results. My name is Andrea, and I will be your coordinator for today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the initial remarks, we will conduct a question and answer session for securities analysts and institutions. Instructions will be provided at that time for you to queue up for questions. I would like to remind everyone that this conference call is being webcast and recorded today, Wednesday, February 22nd, 2023, at 11 a.m. Eastern Time. Today's discussion may include certain forward-looking information, oil and gas information, and non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to the earnings and operational update press release we issued yesterday for important advisories and disclaimers with regard to this information and for reconciliations of any non-GAAP measures discussed on today's call. Finally, this earnings call is the property of Grand Tierra Energy, Inc. Any copying or rebroadcasting of this call is expressly forbidden without the written consent of Grand Tierra Energy. I would now like to turn the conference call over to Gary Guidry, President and Chief Executive Officer of Grantiera. Mr. Guidry, please go ahead.
spk09: Thank you, Andrea. Good morning and welcome to Grantiera's fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results conference call. My name is Gary Guidry, Grantiera's President and Chief Executive Officer, and with me today are Ryan Elson, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Rob Will, our Vice President of Asset Management. Yesterday, we issued a press release that included detailed information on our fourth quarter and year-end 2022 results. In addition, Grand Tierra's 2022 annual report on Form 10-K has been filed on EDGAR and is available on our website. Ryan and Rob will make a few brief comments, and then we will open the line for questions. Ryan, please go ahead.
spk04: Thanks, Gary. Good morning, everyone. We are very pleased to announce that Grantier achieved several company financial records in 2022. Our excellent performance in 2022 was driven by our successful development and exploration drilling, water flooding programs, field performance, and disciplined cost management combined with strong oil prices. Our many achievements during the year resulted in year-over-year production growth of 16%, strong reserves replacement ratios well above 100%, and the highest annual figures in the company's history for net income funds flow from operations, and free cash flow. After reduced exploration activity during 2020 and 2021, the company made several key exploration discoveries during 2022, which provide confidence in our geological understanding of the basins. Through our successful results from our development and exploration drilling, water flooding programs, and field performance, we were able to increase reserves in 1P, 2P, and 3P categories, which Rob will describe. During 2022, Our net income was $139 million, the highest on record, which resulted in our earnings per share on both a basic and dilute basis coming in at $0.38 per share. Our adjusted EBITDA was $490 million and was $1.34 on a basic per share basis. Fund flow from operations were $366 million, resulting in free cash flow of $129 million, both of which were also records for the company. Fund flow from operations for the year was $1 on a basic per share basis. Grand Tierra's on-budget capital spend totaled $237 million for the year and was balanced between exploration and development activities, which resulted in reserves and profitable production growth year on year. In 2022, Grand Tierra continues commitment to reduce debt, resulting in a reduction of $88 million in debt and $173 million in net debt. The company finished the year with $127 million in cash, and net debt to adjusted EBITDA of 0.9 times. The company also achieved a return on average capital employed of 27% during 2022. Grantier's strong offering at-back of $48.43 per barrel for the year was up 43% from $33.75 in 2021. Before I hand it over to Rob, I want to mention some of our Beyond Compliance initiatives. Where Grand Tierra identifies significant opportunities and benefits to the environment and communities, we voluntarily strive to go beyond what is legally required to protect the environment and provide social benefits because it's the right thing to do. We're very proud of the company's track record in all aspects of our environmental, social, and governance stewardship. In 2022, Grand Tierra, in partnership with the World Women's Corporation, carried out an anti-personnel demine investigation across approximately 4,300 hectares of land situated within four indigenous communities and several municipalities in Putumayo Basin of Colombia. As part of the company's commitment to the United Nations Guided Principles for Business and Human Rights, 95 human rights training sessions were held in Colombia and Ecuador in 2022, which include almost 500 employees, contractors, and suppliers. Grand Tierra strives to maximize local employment and development opportunities which meet or exceed government requirements for local employment. Since 2015, Grand Tierra has created approximately 26,000 labor opportunities in Colombia. The company also created roughly 470 labor opportunities in Ecuador in 2022. Grand Tierra is also committed to work with the Colombian, Ecuadorian national and local governments and local communities to further their peacebuilding efforts. In 2022, the company invested over 4.6 million locally in projects in Colombia and Ecuador identified by the communities themselves to meet their needs. The projects include the improvement of agriculture production capabilities, entrepreneurship support, community strengthening programs, and infrastructure improvements to schools, homes, and community centers. These are just some of the initiatives we completed in 2022, and I highly recommend that you take a look at our 2022 sustainability report, which will be available on our website in the second quarter of this year. I'll now turn the call over to Rob Will to discuss some of the highlights of our current operations.
spk21: Thanks, Ryan. Good morning, everyone. I'll briefly cover a few operational highlights from yesterday's press release, as well as our recent press release regarding 2022 year-end reserves. Operationally, we are building off a successful year in 2022 to start off 2023. Down in the Columbia in the Chatham block, we have commenced our Maqueta drilling campaign, with the first well being drilled in late 2022. which was the first well drilled in the field since 2016. Laketa 25, the second development well in the 2022-2023 Laketa drilling campaign, reached its planned total depth on January 15th, 2023. This well has been completed and was put on production on February 1st. Producing on jet pump, the well has averaged 383 barrels of oil per day unstimulated. We plan to stimulate the well during Q2 of this year. The third Maketa development well, Maketa 26, was spotted on February 9, 2023, and is expected to reach its planned total depth before the end of February. In addition to Maketa 25 and 26, the company plans to drill and complete one to two more development wells in Maketa over the next four to five months. Also in the chasm block, the first well in Kasiako's six-well 2023 development drilling program was spotted on January 25, 2023 and reached its planned total depth on February 2nd. Reservoir quality was as expected in this planned down dip water injection well. The second well was spun on February 7th, 2023 and reached its planned total depth. All wells in the cost cycle drilling program are expected to be drilled by late second quarter 2023 and completed and put on production or injection before the end of third quarter 2023. In the south of the Futamayo Basin, the Syriente block's production averaged approximately 8,620 barrels of oil per day gross in January 2023, marking the second highest monthly production average since the second quarter of 2015. This was achieved despite the fact that we've not drilled a well in Syriente since the first quarter of 2018. Up in the middle Magdalena Valley Basin of Columbia, the first well in the Coronero's 10 to 12 well 2023 development drilling program, a Coronero 111, was spotted on January 27, 2023, and reached its planned total depth on January 30. Well logs indicate that the reservoir pay zone came in as expected. The company plans to complete this well and put on production before the end of February 2023. The second well, a planned injector, was spotted on February 5th and has reached its total depth. The third well was spotted on February 12th. All of the planned wells in this year's coordinatorial development program are expected to have been drilled, completed, and placed on production or injection by the end of second quarter 2023. Finally, we also plan to continue to focus on the appraisal of new discoveries and new exploration drilling during 2023. all while generating free cash flow to strengthen our balance sheet and return capital to shareholders through potential share buybacks. As for our 2022 year-end oil reserves, the company achieved significant growth in its 2022 year-end 1P NPV10 before tax, which increased by 26% compared to 2021 year-end. As well, we achieved significant growth in our 2022 year-end 2P NPV10 before tax, which increased by 25% compared to year-on-year. These increases were driven by the company's successful development in exploration programs and a strong recovery in oil prices. After reduced exploration activity during 2020 and 2021, the company made several key exploration discoveries during 2022, which helped the company achieve excellent reserves-replacement ratios. The ratios are as follows. 126% 1T, with 1P reserve additions of 14 million BOE. 148% 2P, with 2P reserve additions of 17 million BOE. 280% 3P, with 3P reserve additions of 31 million BOE. The material 1P reserve additions were largely driven by success with the valve drilling and water flooding results at Accord Narrow in Casiaco, in addition to several exploration discoveries. Material 2P and 3P reserve additions were in large measure due to the success of the company's 2022 expiration program, which made several independent discoveries. By continuing to focus on a combination of reductions in debt and per well capital costs, maintaining low operating costs, and completing share buybacks, Grand Terre was able to achieve net asset values per share before tax $4.62 for 1P, up 77% from 2021, and $7.36 for 2P, up 56% from 2021. With this significant growth in our net asset values per share in 2022, we believe Granteria is well positioned to offer exceptional long-term stakeholder value. We believe our success on multiple fronts during 2022 demonstrates Granteria's ability to be a full-cycle oil and gas exploration development and production company, focus on value creation for all our stakeholders. I will now turn the call back to the operator, and Gary, Ryan, and I will be happy to take questions. Operator, please go ahead.
spk17: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now conduct the question and answer session for securities analysts. If you have a question, please press the star key followed by 1-1 on your touchtone phone. you will hear a tone acknowledging your request. Your questions will be pulled in the order they are received. Please ensure that you lift the handset if you're using a speaker phone before pressing any keys. One moment please for your first question.
spk15: Our first question comes from Adam Gill with Paradigm Capital.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk05: Good morning. Two questions for me. First off, on operating costs, we've seen escalation over 2022 given power costs rising and increased work over activity. That said, do you believe you've hit a plateau on OpEx and what drivers could lower OpEx going forward?
spk04: Yeah, I think we have hit a plateau. We think our operating costs on a gross basis will be similar in 2023 compared to 2022. but our production will be higher. So on a per unit basis, we'll see those costs come down.
spk05: Okay, great. And the second question was just on Suriente and the contract expiring mid-year 2024. Is there any precedence on contract renewal and what could the upfront commitments look like to ensure this asset stays in the portfolio?
spk09: Yeah, there are multiple precedents in the country of contract renewal. We do have clauses in our contract for renewal, and we are in discussions with Echo Patrol on trying to achieve that before the expiry.
spk05: Any thoughts on timing of when that could be completed?
spk09: No, just before expiry. We're working as diligently as we can, and it's mutual with Echo Patrol because both companies see benefits of continuing the programs that we've started over the last couple of years.
spk05: Great. Thank you, gentlemen.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk17: Our next question comes from Oriana Cobalt with Balance. Please go ahead.
spk14: Hi. Good morning. This is Oriana Cobalt with Balance. I had three questions. If it's okay to go one by one, that would be great. First, with regards to the Vasconia and Castilla pricing discounts, I noticed that they remained at peak levels through the fourth quarter. So, just wondering what are you observing so far during the year and what is driving the wider discounts and how are you including this in your 2023 guidance? Yeah, thanks. I'll take that.
spk04: On the Vasconia and Castilla discount, yeah, they started wide at the end of last year, as you pointed out, and it's continued into January. starting to tighten a little bit in February, and the main driver is really just a lack of heavy oil demand, especially with China. I think with China reopening, we started to see those differentials narrow, and it's right around what we have budgeted right now. We expect them to be wide in Q1, Q2, and then narrow into Q3 and Q4, and that's really what we forecasted.
spk14: Got it, thank you. And following, I noticed the introduction of a new risk factor in your 10K regarding the adverse impact that certain acquisitions may have in the business. So just wondering if you could further elaborate on this, and more precisely, if you're looking into new jurisdictions aside from Ecuador, and what type of transactions would make sense for Gran Tierra?
spk04: Yeah, I think that's just a risk factor. I think most E&P companies do have that within their disclosure. And I think for us, part of our job is always to optimize the portfolio. So we are very happy to either acquire new assets portfolio or sell assets that are in our portfolio. We're always looking to optimize. So it could be within Columbia or outside of Columbia. Again, that could be either buyers or sellers.
spk14: Perfect. And just one final one. We noted that ending cash position came a bit shy of the $190 million that you had guided with the third quarter report. So if you could share any additional color on this.
spk04: Yeah, two drivers on that. One, Brent price came in quite a bit lower than we originally forecasted, but also the differentials. Those blew out much wider than we had forecasted. You know, it was both, if you look at Masconia, the historical average, five-year average is about $3, and it widened all the way up to $10 at one point. And Castilla, the five-year average is closer to $7, $8, and it widened all the way up to $18, $19. So that really hurt us in the quarter. And the rest is really just explained from working capital movements.
spk14: Perfect. That would be it from my end. Thank you.
spk17: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk15: Our next question comes from Joseph Schachter with Schachter Energy Research.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk24: Thank you very much. Good morning, Gary, Ryan, and Rob. Congratulations on all the progress you've made this year. A few questions. The first one I'll go with with Ryan. Where do you see the target debt level that you'd like? You're down below one-to-one debt to EBITDA. If we see... you know, 85 to 90 per average for Brent in 2023, you'll generate, you know, $70 to $100 million in free cash flow, plus you have the $100 million or so, $126 million on the balance sheet. How do you see debt in terms of where you want it to be going forward? Is there a target, you know, from the $589 million that you have on the balance sheet on December 31st, 2022, Is there a number you want to have? And at that point, you say that's the amount of debt that should be in this going forward, or do you want to keep on knocking debt down to zero and not have debt at all? Just trying to get it in my head how much money will be left over after that to increase growth via exploration and development or buy more stock buybacks, et cetera.
spk04: Yeah, it's a good question. I think we're comfortable. With, you know, net debt EBITDA of one times, you know, in the 0.8 to one times is really our comfort rate range. And I think when we look at our gross debt, right now we're at about 580. If, you know, our target would be around between 500 and 550. And we think that would be a right capital structure for the company of our size currently.
spk24: Okay. Next question, in the releases in your, you know, government document on page 9, you talked about the exploration blocks and you put a single star, double star there. And you have, I think it's 2, 4, 6, 8, 8 with one star which says exploration is suspended due to licensing restrictions, security issues or social reasons. Do you see any changes of that in 23? And do you get extensions from the government so that you can keep these properties for future use once things settle down there?
spk09: Yeah, I think the short answer to that is on a continuous basis we're working with the government and with the communities. The ones that are suspended are issues with communities and it's an ongoing process. We've not given up really on any of our top priority exploration projects, but there are some that we may in the end relinquish, but I can assure you that it's none of our top priorities going forward. I think the short answer is everything that we want to do, we're doing, and we'll achieve that over the next one to three years.
spk24: Okay. Lastly, Gary, again, as a shareholder and as somebody who's been a fan of the company and the opportunity in Colombia and Ecuador, you see a lot of the stocks in Colombia have a discount to valuations. And as you highlighted with your colleagues in the presentation about the discount to NAV, You know, and as Ryan mentioned, selling or buying is possible. You know, is the barrel cheaper on Bay Street and Wall Street than spending money? And is there interest in potentially selling some assets and then doing a substantial issuer bid and waking everybody up to the underlying value that is currently being ignored?
spk09: Yeah. Again, the short answer I think is on a continuous basis, we're looking at how we create value. Ryan mentioned the debt levels. If we have discoveries that we see long-term will develop, we'll adjust accordingly in terms of our balance sheet. We also are looking at other basins around the world. We've all seen the large companies starting to divest non-core assets, which we believe, in many cases, a company of our size and our portfolio, we can create a lot of value, regardless of the valuations on the stock price. We look at it as we're in this business for the long term, long term being the next five years, not the next five weeks. And we will direct our efforts both on our current assets and new assets that we diversify into in other basins, other assets. And I think you hit a good point. We also are looking at, will look at opportunities to bring in other partners and things that we're doing to dilute our interest. But everything we have in our portfolio today, we really like and we really believe that we can create value and we're just looking to expand that portfolio.
spk24: OK, well, thanks very much for taking my questions and I'll be rooting for more breakthroughs in 2023. Thanks very much. Thank you.
spk15: Thank you one moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Alexandra Simeoniti from William Blair.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk13: Hi, thank you for taking my question. Most of my questions have been answered. I just have one. If you have estimated a total tax in 2023, given your guidance for production and your estimates for all prices and the discounts, so tax, that would include the surcharge and the non-deductibility of royalties. Have you made that calculation, that estimate?
spk04: Yeah, estimated tax based off of $85 breadth. And again, you know, paid on differentials and what pricing you use. But we would expect our current tax to be $110 to $130 million.
spk13: And this includes the royalties, what you need to pay for the royalties.
spk04: I mean, the non-deductibility of... Yeah, that would be our current tax bill for 2020.
spk03: which will be paid into installments in 2024.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Philip Skolnick with 8 Capital.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk18: Yeah, thanks. Good morning. Just going back to Soriente, if you were to get the contract renewal, how do we think about the reserve ads with respect to that? And also, would there be any potential changes to this year's CapEx budget, maybe production target?
spk09: Yeah, I think the answer, Phil, is our plans for Soriente would be to expand the water flood. We've done a lot of work over the last, few years. In terms of the capital program, there would be some minor adjustments, but we would look more at a three-year type plan to expand the water flood to increase some of the development drilling in the block. You wouldn't see a major change in the capital program this year, but over the next three years, we would focus a lot of effort on increasing reserves We are taking a look at what would change in our reserve base going forward, but we don't want to be premature and waiting for the contract to actually be signed. We're working mutually with Echo Patrol and trying to put that program together.
spk18: Got it. Understood. You know, I know in the past, recent past, you've said that the environmental permitting process, it's basically been business as usual. Is that still the case?
spk09: It has, and we've been working very diligently with communities on blockades and other interruptions, and we've seen some progress, I think is the way to say that. But in terms of permitting and environmental studies, it's business as usual in Colombia and in Ecuador. We're quite excited about our discoveries in Ecuador. As Rob mentioned, we see some real opportunity there to expand what we're doing across the border in Ecuador as well.
spk18: Great. Thank you.
spk17: Thank you. One moment for our next questions.
spk15: Our next question comes from Luke Davis with RBC.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk06: Thanks. Good morning. You guys have a pile of wells coming on this year. Just wondering if you can speak a little bit to the expected cadence of production volumes, maybe quarterly and where you expect to exit the year at. And also just wondering if you have any contribution expected from any of the exploration wells that are included in the program.
spk04: Yeah, I think the cadence, as Rob mentioned, we're doing a lot of the development drilling in the first half of the year. So those will be brought on in Q2 and into Q3. So we expect a steady ramp up for the year and expectation in the year around 34,000 barrels or so.
spk06: Got it. And anything from those exploration wells or is that just potential upside?
spk26: Potential upside.
spk06: Yeah, okay. The only other thing I was wondering about is just buybacks, how you're thinking about that. Is that going to be sort of a portion of free cash flow that you're sweeping into buybacks? Do you have an aggregate target that you're looking to hit, or how are you thinking about that currently?
spk04: Yeah, we bought back about 6.2%, 6.3% of our stock last year, and we have approval currently up to around 10%. So especially when we're trading at such a substantial discount to our NAV, We'd definitely like to max out the NCIB and then look to renew. Got it. That's it for me. Thanks.
spk16: Awesome. Thanks, Luke.
spk17: Thank you.
spk15: One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Juan Cruz with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.
spk20: Hi. Good morning, everybody, and thanks for the call. I just wanted to clarify just quickly, you guys were talking about debt levels going forward. And on the third quarter call, you had indicated to the market that you had bought back about 20 million worth of the 2025 bonds. It's my understanding that those are still outstanding. Just wanted to see if there's any reason for them not being canceled yet, considering your targets. If you can comment on that, that would be great.
spk04: Yeah, we hold those bonds ourselves. And the reason why we didn't cancel them is we wanted to make sure that there was no adverse impacts as far as index inclusion. So from accounting treatment and really the economic reality is we're holding those bonds, our debt is $580 million, and we just did that to have the $300 million bonds assigned for index inclusion.
spk20: Ah, I understand. Okay. But from your perspective, there's no... intention of reselling those bonds back into the market?
spk03: No. No, there is not.
spk20: They're in treasury and that will remain in treasury for index inclusion purposes.
spk04: Correct. Okay.
spk20: Thank you.
spk04: They're already liquid enough, so we don't want to do anything any more damage.
spk17: Thank you.
spk15: Our next question. Our next question comes from Roman Rossi with Canaccord Genuity.
spk17: Please go ahead.
spk23: Thank you very much for taking my question. Just a couple. The first one regarding the VIVA program, I just wanted to check what happens if you reach the limit of the program. Are you able to initiate a new one? And the second one is, last year you mentioned you wanted to have a cash balance of around $100 million.
spk16: I just wanted to check if that guidance changed. Thank you.
spk02: Thanks.
spk04: Yeah, we can renew the program once we buy up to the maximum, which we would look at renewing afterwards, which would be good for a year. And then on the cash balance, we always target $75 to $100 million in a cash balance. And that hasn't changed.
spk16: Perfect. Thank you very much. Thank you.
spk15: Thank you. One moment for our next question.
spk17: Our next question comes from Chris DiCario with Marathon Asset Management. Please go ahead.
spk19: Yeah, hi. Thanks for the call. Just wondering, I mean, what your current view is or outlook is on potential restrictions on exploration going forward? I know there's been a lot of talk from various people in Colombia. It's sort of hard to tell where it's going to end up. But, I mean, how are you looking at that? Does that affect your plans? Is that affecting maybe your thoughts on acquiring assets outside of Colombia?
spk09: We have a great portfolio of exploration lands, and we have plenty of work in front of us for the next three to five years. We also have some very exciting lands in Ecuador as well, so in terms of exploration, We realize there have been some announcements in Colombia about no new exploration lands. We get that. But it's no impact on what we're doing in our five-year plan as we go forward. In Colombia, I mentioned Ecuador. The answer to your question is we are looking at some other basins. We have a very strict criteria in what we invest in globally. We are looking at some opportunities in Africa, the Middle East, where we believe that we can not only expand our value portfolio, but diversify and mitigate risk. And so the answer to your question is we're very happy with our exploration in Colombia, but we're also looking at other opportunities in other basins.
spk11: Great, thanks.
spk17: Thank you. Gentlemen, there are no further questions at this time. Please continue.
spk09: Thank you. Thank you, Andrea. I would again like to thank everyone for joining us today. We look forward to speaking with you over the next quarter and update you on our ongoing progress. Thank you.
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